Indian monsoons have a clockwork precision ( as described by William Logan's Malabar Manual) and is forst noticed in the subcontinent , in Kerala state , on the west coast.Entire prosperity, biodiversity,trade,sea travel, origin of star gazing and predictions of good rains for agricultural pursuits , Astronomical science and metereology , therefore developed in West coast of India , ( Kerala) . When was the monsoons originated and strengthened in Indian subcontinet ? And when did human beings on this subcontinet observe such changes that affect their day to day life and survival ? The second part of the study of Indian Astrophysics starts with such an enquiry , and the evidences accrued from various sites and from various literary sources enumerated. The use of Astronomical instruments by Indians substantiate the literary and anthropological evidences of the people. The temple traditions and use of trigonometric measurements by temples, measuring shadows for temple rites, and use of water clocks for rites at nights are all circumstantial evidences for anthropological customs and use of science for fulfillment of such customs/rites.Texts of Varahamihira and other astronomers give exact methods of making such astronomical instruments for measuring time. For Indians measurable time is for day to day functioning/rites and every citizen knows the methods of it. The absolute time ( immeasurable- timelessness) is Brahman and measured time is from the most subtle thruti to yuga and Kalpa , in light years. Beyond kalpa , beyond light years is the real Absolute timeless,nameless Brahman of Indians. Thus a study of Jyothissasthra is study of Veda itself. It is a Vedanga. (One of the organs of Veda-The eye) .And studying , observing that part of the Veda, one becomes the Eye of Veda himself/herself. It is Prathyakshasasthra ( observed , objective science) and is an essential part of Vedic Knowledge . Brahmavidya is never complete without knowing , perceiving , the Eye of Veda, The Jyothishasasthra . In the ocean of timelessness, Brahman, the measured timespan of a human being (Maximum of 120 years) is only a subatomic particle . Dr Suvarna Nalapat Trust for Education and Research .

• published: 02 Dec 2013
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