The name Marathwada (Marathi: मराठवाडा) identifies one of the five regions in Maharashtra state of India. The region coincides with the Aurangabad Division.

The term “Marathwada” has its origin in the word “Mara-hatti-vada (Mar-hat-vada)”, meaning a region of Maratha community.

Mughal king Muhammad Shah appointed a Turani noble Asaf Jah I as the wazir of Mughal Empire in 1722, but in 1724 he left for the Deccan to start his own kingdom and took the title Nizam-ul-Mulk.. Marathwada become a part of Nizam’s domain, which later came to be known as the princely state of Hyderabad outside but under the suzerainty of British India. (“Nizam” became the title of the ruling descendants of Nizam-ul-Mulk.)

On August 15, 1947, British India was partitioned into two independent states, the Union of India and Pakistan, and the Nizam ruling Hyderabad State at that time chose not to merge Hyderabad state into either country. Subsequently, through Operation Polo, a “police action” on September 17, 1948, the Indian army annexed Hyderabad to India.

Chandrakant Khaire (born 1 January 1952) is a member of the 15th Lok Sabha of India. He represents the Aurangabad constituency of Maharashtra and is a member of the Shiv Sena (SS) political party. He was also member of 13th and 14th Lok Sabha representing Auragabad.

He is unbeaten candidate of Shiv Sena in his political career. Although it may be mentioned that he has 16 criminal cases against him, one of the highest number amongst all MPs of the present Lok Sabha.

Sharadchandra Govindrao Pawar (Marathi: शरदचंद्र गोविंदराव पवार; born 12 December 1940), popularly known as Sharad Pawar), is the president of the Nationalist Congress Party which he founded in 1999, after separating from the Indian National Congress. He has previously held the posts of Minister of Defence and Chief Minister of Maharashtra and currently serves as Minister of Agriculture, Government of India.

Pawar is from the town of Baramati in the Pune district of Maharashtra. He leads the NCP delegation in the Lok Sabha, representing his constituency of Madha in Maharashtra. He has a prominence in national politics as well as regional politics of Maharashtra, although marred by frequent corruption allegations.

Pawar also served as the Chairman of the Board of Control for Cricket in India from 2005 to 2008. In 2010, Sharad Pawar became the International Cricket Council president after England's David Morgan.

Pawar is one of the ten children (six sons and four daughters) born to Govindrao Pawar and Shardabai baramati). Govindrao was employed by the Baramati farmers' Cooperative ( Sahakari Kharedi Vikri Sangh) while his mother looked after the family farm at Katewadi, ten kilometers from Baramati. Most of siblings were well educated and were either professionals or ran their own businesses. Pawar studied at BrihanMaharashtra College of Commerce (BMCC)in Pune. He was an average student, however, active in student politics. Pawar's first political act was when he organized a protest march for Goan Independence in Pravaranagar in 1956., Pawar is married to Pratibha (Shinde). They have one daughter, Supriya who is married to Sadanand Sule and now is active in politics. Pawar's nephew, Ajit Pawar is also a prominent politician in his own right and presently serving as the Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra. Pawar's younger brother, Pratap runs the influential Marathi daily, Sakal

Prithviraj Chavan (Marathi: पृथ्वीराज चव्हाण, born 17 March 1946) is the current and 22nd Chief Minister of Maharashtra. The Indian National Congress selected him to be the successor of Ashok Chavan. He was a Member of the Parliament of India representing Maharashtra in the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian Parliament. He was the Minister of State in the Prime Minister’s Office.

He has graduated in Mechanical Engineering from Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, India. He also holds a Masters degree from the University of California at Berkeley. He wrote articles on computer science; engineering design; and also contribution to research in computerization of Indian languages in his early days before entering the politics.

Prithviraj Chavan was born to Late.Shri.Anandrao alias Dajisaheb Chavan who Member of Loksabha and served as Minister for various portfolios under the Prime-Ministership of Late.Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru,Late.Lal Bahadur Shastri and Late.Smt.Indira Gandhi.His mother was Late.Smt.Premalakaki Chavan,who was elected as Member of Loksabha after the death of her husband Late.Shri.Anandrao Chavan from his Karad constituency and served in the same capacity for all consecutive terms till her death in 1991. Chavan started his political career in 1991,his name was proposed by Mr. Hindurao Sakharam Jagtap (President Karad Taluka Youth congress Committee)in place of Smt.Premlatatai Chavan,his mother and won the family seat of Karad thrice, in '91, '96 and '98 and lost it in 1999.