Topology (from the Greek τόπος, “place”, and λόγος, “study”) is a major area of mathematics concerned with properties that are preserved under continuous deformations of objects, such as deformations that involve stretching, but no tearing or gluing. It emerged through the development of concepts from geometry and set theory, such as space, dimension, and transformation.
Ideas that are now classified as topological were expressed as early as 1736. Toward the end of the 19th century, a distinct discipline developed, which was referred to in Latin as the geometria situs (“geometry of place”) or analysis situs (Greek-Latin for “picking apart of place”). This later acquired the modern name of topology. By the middle of the 20th century, topology had become an important area of study within mathematics.
The word topology is used both for the mathematical discipline and for a family of sets with certain properties that are used to define a topological space, a basic object of topology. Of particular importance are homeomorphisms, which can be defined as continuous functions with a continuous inverse.
Raymond David Flood (born 21 November 1935, in Northam, Southampton, Hampshire) is a former English cricketer. Flood was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break.
Flood made his first-class debut for Hampshire in the 1956 County Championship against Essex. Flood featured in one other first-class match for Hampshire came in the same season against Northamptonshire.
Flood did not feature for the club in the 1957 County Championship. In the 1958 County Championship Flood featured in one match against Derbyshire.
Flood featured for the club in the 1959 County Championship, where he made more regular appaearances. From the 1959 season to the 1960 County Championship, Flood made 21 first-class appearances for the club. Flood's final first-class match came against Oxford University in 1960, which was Flood's only game for the county that season.
In total Flood represented the club 24 times, scoring 885 runs at an average of 23.28. Flood made five half centuries and one century, which yielded his highest first-class score of 138*, which came against Sussex in 1959.