The Reconquista (Spanish: [rekoŋˈkista], Portuguese: [ʁɛkõˈkiʃtɐ], Galician: [rekoŋˈkista], Catalan: Reconquesta [rəkuŋˈkɛstə], "Reconquest"; Arabic: الاسترداد‎ trans. al-ʾIstirdād, [æl ʔɪstɪrˈdæːd], "the Recapturing") was a period of almost 800 years (539 years in Portugal) in the Middle Ages during which several Christian kingdoms succeeded in retaking the Muslim-controlled areas of the Iberian Peninsula broadly known as Al-Andalus. The Reconquista of Al-Andalus began soon after the Islamic conquest with an Asturian rebellion under the leadership of the nobleman Pelagius (also Pelayo).

The Islamic conquest of the Christian Visigothic Kingdom in the 8th century (begun 711) extended over almost the entire peninsula. After more than 700 years, the Reconquista was completed in 1492, when the last remaining Muslim government, the Nasrid dynasty of the Kingdom of Granada in southern Iberia, was defeated. With the Nasarid defeat, the entire Iberian Peninsula had been brought back under Christian rule.