E.ON Russia

E.ON Russia (former name: The Fourth Generation Company of the Wholesale Electricity Market, OGK-4) is a Russian power generation company formed by merger of five generation companies. 78.3% of the company is owned by the German energy company E.ON, the rest of the shares are owned by minority shareholders.

History and operations

In 2006, the following 5 power plants were merged into one company:

The installed capacity of all five thermal power plants is about 10,296 MW. This comprises about 5% of the generating capacity of RAO UES.

The power output of the OGK-4 power plants in 2007 was around 54.5 TWh. According current investment program there are plans to increase original capacity of power plants equal 9.03 GW to more than 11 GW in 2011 with spending for these purposes US$2.89 billion.

References

Russia-1

Russia-1 (Russian: Россия-1) is a state-owned Russian television channel founded in 1991. It belongs to the All-Russia State Television and Radio Company (VGTRK). Russia Channel was previously known as RTR (Russian: РТР). Russia-1 has the second largest audience in Russian television. In a typical week, it is viewed by 75% of urban Russians, compared to 83% for the leading channel, Channel One. The two channels are similar in their politics, and they compete directly in entertainment. Russia-1 has many regional variations and broadcasts in many languages.

History

Soviet period

Russia-1 had started in 1965 as Program 3 in the Soviet Union and moved to Channel 2 in 1967 when a new channel, Program 4 (now known as NTV), was officially launched and the Moscow Program, which started in 1956, was transferred to Channel 3. From the very start, it only hosted programs produced by the Ministry of Education of the Soviet Union, as well as children's programming, in monochrome. The move to a new channel frequency resulted in it being renamed Program 2 and becoming the second home of the national newscast Vremya since 1968.

Russian wine

Russian wine refers to wine made in the Russian Federation and to some extent wines made in the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics though this later referencing is an inaccurate representation of wines from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Moldova, Ukraine. The phrase Russian wine more properly refers to wine made in the southern part of the Russian Federation-including the areas around Dagestan, Chechnya, Kabardino-Balkaria, Krasnodar Krai, Rostov, and Stavropol Krai. Russia currently has the following controlled appellations that correspond to the sorts of grapes: Sibirkovy (Сибирьковый), Tsimlyanski Cherny (Цимлянский чёрный), Plechistik (Плечистик),Narma (Нарма), and Güliabi Dagestanski (Гюляби Дагестанский).

History

Wild grape vines have grown around the Caspian, Black and Azov seas for thousands of years with evidence of viticulture and cultivation for trade with the Ancient Greeks found along the shores of the Black Sea at Phanagoria and Gorgippia. It is claimed that the Black Sea area is the world's oldest wine region.

Belarus

Coordinates: 53°N 23°E / 53°N 23°E / 53; 23

Belarus (ⁱ/bɛləˈruːs/ bel-ə-ROOSS; Belarusian: Белару́сь, tr. Bielaruś, IPA: [bʲɛlaˈrusʲ]; Russian: Белоруссия, tr. Byelorussiya; IPA: [bʲɪloˈrussɪʲɐ]), officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital is Minsk; other major cities include Brest, Hrodna (Grodno), Homiel (Gomel), Mahilioŭ (Mogilev) and Vitsebsk (Vitebsk). Over 40% of its 207,600 square kilometres (80,200 sq mi) is forested. Its strongest economic sectors are service industries and manufacturing.

Until the 20th century, different states at various times controlled the lands of modern-day Belarus: for example: the Principality of Polotsk (11th to 14th centuries), the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and the Russian Empire. In the aftermath of the 1917 Russian Revolution, Belarus declared independence as the Belarusian People's Republic, succeeded by the Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia, which became a founding constituent republic of the Soviet Union in 1922 and was renamed as the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (Byelorussian SSR). Belarus lost almost half of its territory to Poland after the Polish-Soviet war of 1919-1921. Much of the borders of Belarus took their modern shape in 1939 when some lands of the Second Polish Republic were reintegrated into it after the Soviet invasion of Poland and were finalized after World War II. During World War II, military operations devastated Belarus, which lost about a third of its population and more than half of its economic resources. The republic was redeveloped in the post-war years. In 1945 Belarus became a founding member of the United Nations, along with the Soviet Union and the Ukrainian SSR.

E.ON

E.ON SE marketed with an interpunct as E·ON, is a European holding company based in Düsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It runs one of the world's largest investor-owned electric utility service providers. The name comes from the Greek word aeon which means eternity. The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index.

It operates in over 30 countries and serves over 33 million customers. It is one of the 30 members of the DAX stock index of major German companies and a member of the Global Titans 50 index. Its chief executive officer (Vorstandsvorsitzender) is Dr. Johannes Teyssen.

The E.ON group split into 2 independent companies following completion of the so-called 1-to-2 project on Jan 1st 2016. The E.ON brand continues to service the downstream business including retail and distribution, as well as the Climate and Renewables business; with the upstream business, to be branded Uniper, containing all conventional power generation and current Energy Trading activities.

E.ON UK

E.ON UK (formerly Powergen) is an energy company in the United Kingdom and a subsidiary of E.ON, the world's largest investor-owned power and gas company. As Powergen, it was listed on the London Stock Exchange and was once a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index but since 1 July 2002 has been owned by E.ON SE of Germany.

It was formerly a vertically integrated utility company with interests in electrical generation, electricity distribution in the Midlands region, and in the electricity and gas supply markets. However, since restructuring and sales, E.ON UK is now a retail business with support functions.

Other E.ON business, with bases in the UK but not part of E.ON UK, include Gas Storage, Climate and Renewables, New Build and Technology and Energy Trading.

E.ON UK, as part of E.ON group will be split into 2 independent companies following the announcement in 2014. The E.ON brand will continue to service the downstream business including retail and distribution, as well as the Climate and Renewables business; with the Upstream business, to be branded Uniper, containing all conventional power generation and current Energy Trading activities.