Prokuplje (Serbian Cyrillic: Прокупље) is a town and municipality located in Serbia at 43.24° North, 21.59° East. According to 2011 census, the town has a total population of 27,163 inhabitants, while population of municipality is 43,631. It is the administrative center of the Toplica District of Serbia. It is one of the Roman sites of Serbia. It was a kaza center in Niş sanjak as "Ürgüp" during Ottoman rule and was incorporated in Kingdom of Serbia in 1878.

The Prokuplje municipality is located between municipalities of Blace, Kuršumlija, Bojnik, Žitorađa, Merošina, Aleksinac, and Kruševac.

The traces of early settlements can be found on neolithic localities such as: Macina (near Zitni Potok), Kavolak 6 km. on the west from Prokuplje (village Donja Trnava) and settlements on south slopes of Jastrebac mountain in Donja Bresnica village. Vinca period is preserved in Plocnik locality (22 km. from Prokuplje), on the left side of Prokuplje –Kursumlija road. The earliest known metalworking in Europe was found in Pločnik in 2007 dating to 5500 BC making the Copper Age several centuries older than previously thought. Those agricultural settlements were replaced by the emerging Thracians and then the invading Celtic Scordisci in 279 BC. Pieces of ceramics found by the Latin church are traces of those tribes movement on their way to Greece.