Banana Connector
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A banana connector (commonly banana plug or banana jack for the male, banana socket for the female) is a single-wire (one conductor) electrical connector used for joining wires to equipment. The term 4 mm connector is also used, especially in Europe, although not all banana connectors will mate with 4mm parts. The plugs are frequently used to terminate patch cords for electronic test equipment. They are also often used as the plugs on the cables connecting the amplifier to the loudspeakers in hi-fi sound systems.
The plug was invented in 1924 by Richard Hirschmann (former Richard Hirschmann GmbH & Co.).
The rear end of a 4 mm plug often has a 4 mm hole drilled in it, either transversely or axially, or both, to accept the pin of another 4 mm plug. This type is called a "stackable" 4 mm plug.
For high voltage use, a special sheathed version of the banana plug and socket is used. This version has an insulating sheath around both the male and female connectors to avoid accidental contact. The sheathed male plug will not work with an unsheathed female socket, but an unsheathed male plug will fit a sheathed female socket.
Individual banana plugs and jacks are commonly color-coded red and black but are available in a wide variety of colors. Dual banana plugs are usually black with some physical feature such as a molded ridge marked "Gnd" indicating the relative polarity of the two plugs.
Besides plugging into specific banana jacks, banana plugs may plug into ''five-way'' or ''universal'' binding posts on audio equipment.
US-style double banana (pictured): A plastic housing containing two banana plugs, allowing simultaneous connection of a signal line and a ground (earth) line; see the photo. The housing may allow the connection of individual wires, a permanently attached coaxial cable providing both signal and ground, or a coaxial connector such as the BNC connector shown in the photo. By convention, multiple full-sized banana connectors are spaced on ¾ inch centers.
Older European audio equipment used double banana plugs with a 3rd center pin (round 4mm banana for speakers, 4 mm banana or flat pin for turntable to amplifier connection) for audio signals. The center pin prevents accidental insertion in mains sockets, except the Italian "type L" socket.
Some specialized multi-pin plugs and sockets consist of 5 or more banana plugs arranged in a circle.
Where electrical safety is an issue, various kinds of protected plugs and sockets are available. These have sliding covers on plugs and/or other devices to protect the user from accidental contact with live conductors, but are still largely compatible with the original design.
A typical design is now required (IEC 61010) on digital voltmeter test leads and several other measurement and laboratory equipment. In this design, the metal banana plug is entirely sheathed in plastic and presses into a deep recess in the DVM. Alternatively, the DVM has the male part of the banana plug and it is deeply recessed; the test lead contains a sheathed banana jack.
In most European countries the standard mains power receptacle will physically accept banana and even US-style "double banana" plugs (the standard US pin spacing of 3/4 inch (19.05 mm) is close enough to the mains plug spacing of about 19 mm., and the pin diameter is also compatible), leading to a risk of electrical shock. For safety reasons, it can be difficult to purchase US-style laboratory "double banana" plugs in these countries.
Category:DC power connectors Category:Electrical signal connectors
de:Bananenstecker fi:Banaaniliitin sv:Banankontakt fr:Fiche bananeThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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