- published: 05 Feb 2013
- views: 4440
- author: GoFishingOnline
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Radio Stations - Welland
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Angling Times Winter Hotspots Series Pt2 - Steve Winter catches roach on the River Welland
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:24
- Updated: 27 Apr 2013
Angling Times joins top matchman Steve Winter on the banks of the prolific River Welland in Spalding as he reveals his bait and rig tricks to catch big weigh...
http://wn.com/Angling_Times_Winter_Hotspots_Series_Pt2_Steve_Winter_catches_roach_on_the_River_Welland
Angling Times joins top matchman Steve Winter on the banks of the prolific River Welland in Spalding as he reveals his bait and rig tricks to catch big weigh...
Crank for walleye, bass & pike, Welland River, Welland, ON
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 23:18
- Updated: 05 May 2013
Join Italo and his guest Dave Duffin as they show you how to use electronics to locate & catch a variety of fish, on the Welland River. Produced by www.canad...
http://wn.com/Crank_for_walleye,_bass_pike,_Welland_River,_Welland,_ON
Join Italo and his guest Dave Duffin as they show you how to use electronics to locate & catch a variety of fish, on the Welland River. Produced by www.canad...
- published: 21 Mar 2013
- views: 1349
- author: Canadian Sportfishing - Italo Labignan
River Welland Deeping St James & Market Deeping
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:06
- Updated: 16 May 2013
Slide show of the pictures i've taken over this year of the river Welland in Deeping.
http://wn.com/River_Welland_Deeping_St_James_Market_Deeping
Slide show of the pictures i've taken over this year of the river Welland in Deeping.
- published: 12 Dec 2011
- views: 204
- author: caputterz
Floatfishing for Chub on the River Welland
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:09
- Updated: 11 Dec 2012
A nice Welland Chub caught on a small waggler and red maggot, with Dave's Perch at the end.
http://wn.com/Floatfishing_for_Chub_on_the_River_Welland
A nice Welland Chub caught on a small waggler and red maggot, with Dave's Perch at the end.
- published: 30 Jan 2012
- views: 392
- author: TheWellandAngler's channel
Chub, Pike, Perch fishing on the River Welland
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:48
- Updated: 19 Feb 2013
Photos and video clips from some of my many sessions on the River Welland.
http://wn.com/Chub,_Pike,_Perch_fishing_on_the_River_Welland
Photos and video clips from some of my many sessions on the River Welland.
- published: 19 Jan 2012
- views: 1064
- author: TheWellandAngler's channel
River Welland in full flow.wmv
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:34
- Updated: 18 Aug 2010
Showing the river flowing fast and furious after recent rain and snow, taken on Sat 27th February 2010.
http://wn.com/River_Welland_in_full_flowwmv
Showing the river flowing fast and furious after recent rain and snow, taken on Sat 27th February 2010.
- published: 27 Feb 2010
- views: 155
- author: Brian Kennard
Winter Chub on the River Welland
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:52
- Updated: 18 Dec 2012
A short winter session Chub fishing on the River Welland.
http://wn.com/Winter_Chub_on_the_River_Welland
A short winter session Chub fishing on the River Welland.
- published: 22 Jan 2012
- views: 361
- author: TheWellandAngler
River Welland - Ashley to Cottingham
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:11
- Updated: 14 Mar 2013
A canoe trip by three old gits on a sunny weekday in March 2013.
http://wn.com/River_Welland_Ashley_to_Cottingham
A canoe trip by three old gits on a sunny weekday in March 2013.
- published: 14 Mar 2013
- views: 147
- author: Dick Whitehouse
Kayak Walleye Fishing, Welland River, ON - Part 1 of 4
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:32
- Updated: 26 May 2013
Join Italo & his pup Mulligan as they take you Kayaking for walleye on the Welland River. Italo demonstrates how to locate river walleye using a Humminbird s...
http://wn.com/Kayak_Walleye_Fishing,_Welland_River,_ON_Part_1_of_4
Join Italo & his pup Mulligan as they take you Kayaking for walleye on the Welland River. Italo demonstrates how to locate river walleye using a Humminbird s...
- published: 10 Feb 2012
- views: 2804
- author: Canadian Sportfishing - Italo Labignan
Ducks Mating On The River Welland
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:59
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Next to the Commons Car Park in Harborough, a pair of ducks were mating despite the cold October weather. Another pair of ducks was nearby and that male made...
http://wn.com/Ducks_Mating_On_The_River_Welland
Next to the Commons Car Park in Harborough, a pair of ducks were mating despite the cold October weather. Another pair of ducks was nearby and that male made...
- published: 20 Oct 2010
- views: 514
- author: Andrew Burbidge
River Welland Jet Ski
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:19
- Updated: 24 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/River_Welland_Jet_Ski
River Welland between Gretton and Lyddington.FLOOD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:04
- Updated: 25 Nov 2012
Landrover driving over flooded road.
http://wn.com/River_Welland_between_Gretton_and_LyddingtonFLOOD
Walk along the river Welland
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:10
- Updated: 13 Apr 2013
http://wn.com/Walk_along_the_river_Welland
River Welland November 2012.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:31
- Updated: 25 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/River_Welland_November_2012
River Welland Backflip
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:00
- Updated: 15 Jan 2012
http://wn.com/River_Welland_Backflip
Kayak Walleye Fishing, Welland River, ON - Part 4 of 4
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:52
- Updated: 13 Apr 2013
Join Italo & his pup Mulligan as they take you Kayaking for walleye on the Welland River. Italo demonstrates how to locate river walleye using a Humminbird s...
http://wn.com/Kayak_Walleye_Fishing,_Welland_River,_ON_Part_4_of_4
Join Italo & his pup Mulligan as they take you Kayaking for walleye on the Welland River. Italo demonstrates how to locate river walleye using a Humminbird s...
- published: 10 Feb 2012
- views: 1128
- author: Canadian Sportfishing - Italo Labignan
06 23 09 Welland River
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:12
- Updated: 13 Apr 2013
The Welland River is overflowing with bait fish at the Aqueduct. This is considered a fish barrier.
http://wn.com/06_23_09_Welland_River
The Welland River is overflowing with bait fish at the Aqueduct. This is considered a fish barrier.
- published: 28 Jul 2009
- views: 2327
- author: wildniagara
Welland river tributary kayak
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:47
- Updated: 23 Jun 2012
Kayaking the welland river tributary, flatwater.
http://wn.com/Welland_river_tributary_kayak
Kayaking the welland river tributary, flatwater.
- published: 20 Jun 2012
- views: 135
- author: Mike Spiridonov
River Welland Lamprey 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:32
- Updated: 20 Apr 2013
http://wn.com/River_Welland_Lamprey_1
River Welland Deeping St James
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:16
- Updated: 01 Jul 2012
River in Deeping St James taken from footbridge on church street.
http://wn.com/River_Welland_Deeping_St_James
River in Deeping St James taken from footbridge on church street.
- published: 24 Jun 2012
- views: 22
- author: caputterz
river welland to fossdyke
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:14
- Updated: 02 Jan 2012
chase me
http://wn.com/river_welland_to_fossdyke
chase me
- published: 02 Jan 2012
- views: 19
Minnows And Bigger Fish In The Welland
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:26
- Updated: 08 Jul 2009
Several different species of fish live in the Welland. The smaller ones at the beginning are minnows and some minnows in the river here have something white on their sides, probably fungal infection.
http://wn.com/Minnows_And_Bigger_Fish_In_The_Welland
Several different species of fish live in the Welland. The smaller ones at the beginning are minnows and some minnows in the river here have something white on their sides, probably fungal infection.
- published: 08 Jul 2009
- views: 308
swans river welland
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:23
- Updated: 21 Dec 2011
http://wn.com/swans_river_welland
- published: 21 Dec 2011
- views: 31
photo: Creative Commons / Miloš Hlávka
05 Jun 2013
Flooding in Central Europe spread Wednesday as swollen waters moved further east along the Danube River, threatening towns in eastern Austria and Slovakia's capital, Bratislava, while the rising Elbe River flooded outlying parts of Dresden in Germany ... Water levels in Passau surpassed previous record flooding in 1954, with the river level peaking at 12.8 meters, nearly three times normal levels....(size: 5.2Kb)
photo: AP / Pablo Martinez Monsivais
06 Jun 2013
WASHINGTON, June 5 (Reuters) - The White House on Wednesday condemned the assault on the Syrian border town of Qusair by Syrian government forces, who worked with Lebanese Hezbollah allies to take control from rebel fighters ... "It is clear that the regime could not contest the opposition's control of Qusair on its own, and is depending upon Hezbollah and Iran to do its work for it in Qusair," Carney said ... Also on HuffPost ... (AP Photo) ... ....(size: 11.8Kb)
photo: AP / Lee Jin-man
06 Jun 2013
Zee Media Bureau. Seoul. In what seems to bring calmness over Korean peninsula, the two Koreas have agreed to hold talks on the joint Kaesong industrial zone, weeks after Pyongyang pulled its workers from the factory, shutting it down. The season of harsh rhetoric by North Korea seems to come to an end after Pyongyang proposed talks to Seoul on reopening of Kaesong industrial zone ... The committee handles relations with Seoul ... ....(size: 3.0Kb)
photo: Flickr / AFP / PIUS UTOMI EKPEI
04 Jun 2013
Washington - The US State Department on Monday offered rewards of between $3-million and $7-million for information leading to the location of “leaders of terrorist organisations” in West Africa, the first time it has used the rewards programme in the region ... The State Department blamed the group for the August 2011 vehicle-bomb attack on a UN facility in Abuja, Nigeria, which killed at least 23 people and wounded 80 ... ....(size: 2.2Kb)
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BBC News
06 Mar 2013
The smell from meat rendering factories in a Leicestershire town has been the subject of complaints to the local authority. People living near the JG Pears plant in Market Harborough describe the odour as being like "rotting meat broth". A local MP is also concerned that "effluent fluid" from the plant has entered farmland and the River Welland ... JG Pears said in a statement ... However, resident Vicky Wilson said ... ....(size: 2.1Kb)
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BBC News
22 Nov 2012
People without accommodation from areas bordering the River Nene are being housed at an emergency shelter ... The latest warning issued by the Environment Agency is for properties along the River Nene, Billing Aquadrome near the business park and the River Welland. On Wednesday, warnings were in place for the River Jordan in Braybrooke and Little ......(size: 1.8Kb)
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BBC News
22 Nov 2012
The Environment Agency issued fresh warnings for properties along the River Nene, Billing Aquadrome near the business park and the River Welland....(size: 0.9Kb)
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BBC News
01 Nov 2012
A team of scientists and volunteers in Leicestershire is aiming to restore wildlife to the River Welland with a £500,000 conservation project. A task force at the Welland Rivers Trust is looking at ways to lure back kingfishers and other animals ... Ecologist David Harper said the river ... River pools....(size: 1.5Kb)
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BBC News
04 Jun 2012
More than 70 Beacons will be lit across Lincolnshire to mark the Queen's Diamond Jubilee ... Church bells will be ringing along the River Welland as part of beacon events in the south of the county ... Diamond planting ... ....(size: 1.2Kb)
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BBC News
19 May 2012
People are being encouraged to help improve the river Welland in Northamptonshire, Leicestershire and Lincolnshire. The Welland Rivers Trust said it wanted views on a draft plan which had identified ......(size: 1.0Kb)
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Belfast Telegraph
28 Mar 2012
More areas of the country are now in drought following another dry month which has hit rivers and groundwater supplies, the Environment Agency has said ... The Environment Agency has had to take steps to protect wildlife in the face of drought, including staging a fish rescue from the River Welland in Lincolnshire this week, moving fish threatened by low water levels to another, deeper part of the river....(size: 2.2Kb)
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BBC News
22 Mar 2012
The thousands of transported fish will be released into the River Welland ... "Early action also reduces the risk of disturbing breeding birds and will help to increase water levels within the River Welland itself." ... (5.5 mile) cut - which was created as a flood relief channel for the River Welland - is expected to take about two weeks....(size: 1.8Kb)
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The Daily Mail
02 Mar 2012
Low rainfall and two dry winters in a row have resulted in ‘exceptionally low’ river flows in the area, the Environment Agency said. On the move ... More... Low water flow in rivers and streams expose the burrows of riverbank mammals, such as water voles, leaving them open to attack from predators ... They are placed into a tank and driven to the River Welland, less than a mile away, where they are released ... Name....(size: 7.3Kb)
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The Daily Mail
02 Mar 2012
Blossoming into summer ... It was all yellow ... Working on their tans ... The Environment Agency moved fish from Maxey Cut on the River Welland in Lincolnshire after water levels dropped to dangerous levels ... The fish, which include chub, pike and sea trout, will then be released into the River Welland. Low rainfall and two dry winters in a row have caused 'exceptionally low' river flows, according to a spokesman for the Environment Agency ... ' ... Name....(size: 14.9Kb)
For other uses of the word, see Welland (disambiguation).
| The Welland | |
| River | |
 The river at Stamford
|
|
| Country | England |
|---|---|
| Counties | Northampton, Leicester, Rutland, Lincoln |
| Tributaries | |
| - left | River Gwash, River Glen |
| Source | |
| - location | Hothorpe Hills, Sibbertoft, Northamptonshire |
| Mouth | |
| - location | The Wash, Lincolnshire |
| Length | 65 mi (105 km) |
The River Welland is a river in the east of England, some 65 miles (105 km) long. It rises in the Hothorpe Hills, at Sibbertoft in Northamptonshire, then flows generally northeast to Market Harborough, Stamford and Spalding, to reach The Wash near Fosdyke. For much of its length it forms the county boundary between Northamptonshire and Leicestershire, Rutland, Lincolnshire and Cambridgeshire. It is a major waterway across the part of The Fens called South Holland, and is one of the Fenland rivers which were laid out with washlands. There are two channels between widely-spaced embankments with the intention that flood waters would have space in which to spread while the tide in the estuary prevented free egress. However, after the floods of 1947, new works such as the Coronation Channel were constructed to control flooding in Spalding and the washes are no longer used solely as pasture, but may be used for arable farming.
The Environment Agency is the navigation authority for the river, which is navigable as far upstream as Crowland, and with very shallow draught to West Deeping Bridge. The lock around the weir there is not usable. The traditional head of navigation was Wharf Road in Stamford.[1] The management of the lower river has been intimately tied up with the drainage of Deeping Fen, and the river remains important to the Welland and Deepings Internal Drainage Board,[2] for whom it provides the final conduit to the sea for pumped water.
Contents |
Etymology[link]
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The origin of the name for the river is unknown but appears to be Pre-English. In Old English the form was Weolud and may have changed to the Middle English form due to folk-etymology or Scandinavian influence.[3][4]
Geography[link]
The River Welland, with its tributaries, form a river system with a catchment area of 609 square miles (1,580 km2). Within this area, 257 miles (414 km) of waterway are designated as "main river", and are therefore managed for flood control by the Environment Agency. Of this total, the 14 miles (23 km) below Spalding are tidal, and have sea walls to protect the adjacent land from flooding, while 56 miles (90 km) are fresh water, but run through low-lying land, and are therefore embanked. Within the catchment area, 179 square miles (460 km2) are below sea level, and would be flooded without such defences.[5]
The basin runs in a broadly south-west to north-east direction, with an extension to the north around the West Glen and East Glen rivers. The underlying geology consists of Lias clays at the western end of the catchment, with Lincolnshire limestone in the centre, including the valleys of the Glen. The eastern third is mostly alluvial soils, and it is this part that relies on artificial pumping to prevent flooding. Rainfall over the area varies between 26 and 30 inches (660 and 760 mm) per year, which is quite light, and because the land is efficiently drained during the winter months, there are few reserves, making the area prone to drought in the summer months.[5]
Course[link]
The Welland rises in the Hothorpe Hills, close to the 540-foot (160 m) contour, near Welland Rise, Sibbertoft in Northamptonshire.[6] Within 2 miles (3.2 km), the small stream forms the border between Northamptonshire and Leicestershire. It flows westwards, before looping round, passing through the grounds of Hothorpe Hall in Theddingworth, now a conference centre, to flow generally eastwards through Lubenham to Market Harborough. The county border leaves the river on the west side of Market Harborough, as the town is wholly in Leicestershire, and picks it up again on the east side. The River Jordan joins the Welland in the centre of Market Harborough, flowing northwards to the railway station. Langton brook and another stream join from the west near Welham, after which Macmillan Way, a long distance footpath, crosses on its way from Abbotsbury in Dorset to Boston, Lincolnshire. Medbourne Brook joins from the north, after which the county border leaves the river again briefly to the north of Cottingham.[7]
The Welland passes to the north of Corby near Rockingham, and then to the south of Caldecott, where it becomes the county border between Northamptonshire and Rutland, and the Eye Brook joins from the north. As it flows past Harringworth, the river forms two channels, with the county border following the smaller, northern channel. It is crossed here by the 1,275-yard (1,166 m) Welland Viaduct, with its 82 brick arches, which was completed in 1879,[8] and carries the Oakham to Kettering Line over the valley. Continuing past Barrowden and Duddington, it flows northwards briefly to be joined by the River Chater at Ketton. The county border again leaves the river to the west of Stamford while below the town the river forms the border between Lincolnshire and Cambridgeshire.[7]
Just before Stamford, the Great North Road, now labelled the A1, crosses the river, and a pumping station on the north bank at Stamford Meadows has pumped large quantities of water to the Rutland Water reservoir since its construction[9] in 1975. Stamford was the lowest point at which the river could be forded so the Roman Ermine Street crossed the Welland here. The A16 road crosses the river by a three-arched stone bridge designed by Edward Browning in 1845.[10] Beyond Stamford, Hudd's Mill marks the point at which the Stamford Canal left the river. The present mill building dates from 1751 and 1771.[11] The River Gwash, which the canal crossed on the level, joins from the north, and the remains of the canal follow the river on its north bank. Below Uffington, the county border follows the old course of the river, first to the south to Tallington and then to the north, while the main course now flows along the Maxey Cut to Peakirk. The old course consists of two streams, fed by sluices from the Maxey Cut, which meander to The Deepings. The eastern stream supplied power to Lolham and Maxey mills, while the western stream did the same for West Deeping mill and Molecey's mill, which still retains its 17th century undershot waterwheel, modified in the 19th century to Poncelet's improved design, and the only surviving waterwheel of its type in Lincolnshire.[12] At the western edge of Market Deeping the two streams join, and they are also joined by the Greatford Cut, which has carried the waters of the West Glen river since the early 1950s.[7]
After the remains of Deeping High lock and Deeping Low lock, there is a junction where the old course, the Maxey Cut, the South Drain and the Folly River, also a drain, meet. The river is officially navigable below this point.[13] Through Crowland and Cowbit to the edge of Spalding, the river is laid out with washlands,[14] which were historically used as pasture, because the river was allowed to flood the land when tidal levels prevented the water discharging into the sea. The river is bounded on the north and west by a bank, while the New River, a drainage channel to the south and east of it, is bounded by another bank. The land between the channels forms Crowland High Wash, Crowland Fodder Lots and Cowbit Wash. The southern bank is variously named Corporation Bank, Wash Bank and Barrier Bank. Passing through Spalding, where most of the flow is diverted through the Coronation flood relief channel, the town is protected by Marsh Road sluice and a sea lock to the east. It is joined by the River Glen and the Risegate Eau drainage channel before reaching the final bridge at Fosdyke, after which it flows into The Wash.[7]
Beyond the river banks, much of the fertile arable land is composed of marine silt, which suits the bulb-growing for which Spalding is famous. The commercial growing of bulbs was pioneered in the 1880s, with the first large-scale tulip fields introduced by Sam Culpin in 1907. At its peak in 1939, there were 10,000 acres (4,000 ha) of bulb fields, and 3000 tons of flowers were exported through Spalding railway station. Tulips were grown on around 3,000 acres (1,200 ha) in 1965, but this had reduced to less than 1,000 acres (400 ha) by 1999.[15]
History[link]
The Welland (Weolud) is first mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for 921 AD.[3]
Richard de Rulos, who was Lord of Deeping Fen during the reign of William the Conqueror erected a strong embankment to prevent flooding of the meadows adjoining the river, which then became fertile fields and a pleasure garden.[16] During the reign of Henry III (1207–1272), complaints were made that of the two channels below Crowland, the one to Spalding was more favourable to the passage of barges, but the Abbot of Crowland had obstructed and narrowed its course by planting willow trees.[17] In the fourteenth century, Spalding was charged with failing to scour and repair the river, causing damage to the King's liege people, but argued that because it was tidal at this point, it was an arm of the sea, and so they were not responsible.[18]
The river was one of the earliest to be granted an act of Parliament for improvements, to allow navigation to Stamford. The act was granted in the reign of Elizabeth I in 1571, and detailed how Stamford had prospered as a result of the river, but also stated that mills built between Stamford and Deeping had resulted in it no longer being navigable, as they had diverted the water. Powers were granted to restore the river using either the old channel or the new one, although it is not clear exactly what was meant by this. There is no evidence that any work was carried out under the terms of the act.[16]
The powers were revived in 1620, when Stamford Corporation was given permission by the Commission of Sewers to build a new 9.5-mile (15.3 km) artificial cut, which would run from the eastern edge of Stamford near Hudd's Mill, to Market Deeping, where it would rejoin the river. The decision was ratified in 1623 by a grant of James I, and the corporation expected to have the work completed by 1627. However, they were unable to find a suitable contractor to carry out the work, and failed to reach agreement on terms with David Cecil in 1636, and two other potential contractors after that. Finally in 1664, an Alderman from Stamford called Daniel Wigmore took the job. He built the cut and 12 locks, which included the High Lock and the Low Lock on the river at Deeping St. James, at a cost of £5,000. In return for his expenditure, he was given the lease of the tolls for the next 80 years, for which he paid a rent of one shilling (five pence). The cut, known as the Stamford Canal was the longest canal with locks in the country at the time, and trade thrived, for Richard Blome recorded the prosperous Stamford malt trade in 1673.[19]
The people of Market Deeping, Deeping Gate and Deeping St James, together with other villages along the river presented a petition to Elizabeth I, requesting that the fens should be drained, as the banks of the river and of the neighbouring Glen were in a poor state of repair. They suggested that Thomas Lovell should undertake the work, which he did, at a cost of £12,000, for which he received 15,000 acres (6,100 ha) of the land which was reclaimed as a result of the work. Unrest in the early 1600s resulted in most of the works being destroyed, but in 1632 a group of adventurers led by the Earl of Bedford were granted permission to drain Deeping Fen, South Fen and Croyland. The work included making the Welland deeper and wider from Deeping St James to its outfall beyond Spalding, and the construction of side drains. These included a drain running from Pode Hole to below Spalding, which is still known as Vernatt's Drain, after one of the adventurers called Sir Philibert Vernatti. Although declared completed in 1637, efficient drainage would have to wait until the construction of Pode Hole pumping station in 1827.[20]
At Crowland the river used to split into two channels, one broadly following the present course of the river, and the other joining the old South Ea to reach the River Nene near Wisbech. Dugdale, writing in 1662, described the Spalding channel as "a most slow course".[21] The river no longer flows through Crowland, but there is a triangular bridge in the centre of the town, which spanned the junction.[22]
Spalding had been a port from before any of the river improvements were made. The townspeople had refused to repair the river during the reign of Henry III, as they claimed it was part of the sea here. Its importance as a port increased with the river improvements and the Stamford Canal, and although it did not have a customs house, by 1695 it had various officials who acted as customs officers for goods arriving at the quays and warehouses. Exports included oats, coleseed, rape oil, hides and wool, with a much greater variety of imports, including stone, timber, coal, groceries, glass and beeswax. More exotic imports included French and Spanish wines, and some of the first imports of tea, coffee and chocolate.[23]
Deeping Fen[link]
The drainage of Deeping Fen was again addressed in 1664, when the Deeping Fen Act awarded the Earl of Manchester and others 10,000 acres (4,000 ha) of land in return for the drainage works. They were also obliged to maintain the banks of the river, to ensure that both the Welland and the Glen were kept clean and free-flowing, and to ensure that no tolls were charged for navigation on any part of the river below East Deeping. The inadequacy of the outfall and a spate of bad weather stopped them from completing their task. They tried renting out the land they had been granted, but many tenants were unable to pay the rent, due to the poor state of the drainage which reduced crop yields.[24] In April 1729, the Deeping Fen Adventurers received a letter from Captain John Perry, expressing the opinion that the only way to improve the drainage was to improve the river outfalls, and proposing the construction of scouring sluices on the river at Spalding, on Vernatt's drain at its outfall, and on the River Glen at Surfleet. Perry was an engineer of some repute, who had set the standard for engineering reports in 1727, when he published his recommendations for the North Level of the Fens. His plans were approved, and the Adventurers offered to give him land covering nearly 6,000 acres (2,400 ha) in payment for the work. He sold one third of the land to finance the project, and began work in 1730. Cowbit sluice on the Welland had six 6-foot (1.8 m) wide gates which were operated by chains connected to a treadwheel. At high tide, water was penned in Cowbit Wash, between banks which were set well back from the main channel. The bed of the river below the sluice was loosened by dragging wooden rollers with iron spikes over it. At low tide, the sluice gates were opened, and the flow scoured out the silt for some 3 miles (4.8 km) downstream. A navigation lock was constructed beside the sluice, so that vessels could still gain access to the river above. Perry died in February 1733, and was buried in Spalding churchyard.[25] The lock lasted until it was removed by the Welland commissioners in 1813.[24]
Perry was succeeded by John Grundy, Sr., who published a paper in 1734 on flow in open drains. He calculated theoretic flow rates, and then used observation in the field to modify the results. He oversaw a programme of repairs to the Deeping Bank, which ran for 12 miles (19 km) along the north and west side of the river, while John Scribo was employed to do the same for the Country Bank, which ran for 6 miles (9.7 km) on the south and east. Grundy made the river deeper above Spalding, and also constructed a sluice and reservoir at the mouth of the Glen. The reservoir covered 8 acres (3.2 ha) and provided water to scour the channel below the sluice.[26] His son, John Grundy, Jr., took over after the death of his father in 1748, and spent nearly £10,000 on bank repairs between then and 1764. He rebuilt Perry's sluice soon after 1750, with taller doors and a set of tide gates to prevent the tide moving upstream, and rebuilt the navigation lock in 1754. After 1764, Thomas Hogard became the Surveyor of Works, but Grundy continued to act as a consultant engineer.[27]
Hogard devised a scheme to cut a new channel from the junction of the Welland and the Glen to Wyberton, on the estuary of the River Witham below Boston. At the end of the 7.5-mile (12.1 km) cut, there would be a huge sluice and a navigation lock. The Adventurers asked Thomas Tofield for a second opinion, who suggested a shorter 5-mile (8 km) cut from Spalding to Fosdyke. They requested help from Grundy, who proposed a 1.5-mile (2.4 km) cut to Fosdyke, and that the outfall of Vernatt's drain should be moved 2.5 miles (4.0 km) downstream. Improvements to the drain were carried out under an act of Parliament obtained in 1774, and an act was obtained in 1794 to sanction the Wyberton cut, although the work was not carried out, and Grundy's cut was built under a new act of 1801.[28]
Several prominent civil engineer considered the problems of Deeping Fen and the river outfall at the end of the 1700s. Two reports were produced, one by George Maxwell, and the second by Edward Hare, who had been assisted by William Jessop and John Rennie. They formed the basis for the Deeping Fen Act of 1801. The channel above Spalding was made deeper, the north bank was made stronger, and the North and South Drove Drains were enlarged through the fen. One of Rennie's recommendations had been to replace the windmills which drove the drainage pumps with a steam pumping station at Pode Hole, but this was not implemented. After reports by Rennie and Thomas Pear in 1815, and by Rennie alone in 1818 and 1820, the provision of steam engines was authorised by an act in 1823. The trustees appointed by the 1801 act continued to manage Deeping Fen until they were replaced in 1939 by the Deeping Fen, Spalding and Pinchbeck Internal Drainage Board,[29] subsequently renamed the Welland & Deepings Internal Drainage Board.[30]
The Outfall[link]
Plans to re-route the outfall along a new channel which would meet the River Witham at The Scalp, near Boston, were authorised in 1794, but the money could not be raised at the time, due to the financial crisis caused by the French Wars.[31] Grundy's shorter channel had been finished by 1810, improving both drainage and navigation. James Walker reported in 1835 on further improvements, making the recommendation that the river below Spalding should be constrained between high banks, so that the scouring action of the water would dredge its own channel. Rather than excavating, which he estimated would cost £70,000, he suggested using fascines made of thorn branches, around which silt would be deposited. Such a scheme would only cost £13,000, and the work went on for many years.[32] The effects of the embankments had resulted in the bed of the river below Fosdyke being around 7 feet (2.1 m) lower by 1845.[33] In 1867, the River Welland Outfall Act enabled the trustees to raise money to repair the walls where the tide had washed away some of the fill behind the fascines. A dredger was employed between 1889 and 1890, which had been invented by a Mr. Harrison, the Superintendent of Works.[32]
With the passing of the Land Drainage Act in 1930, the Welland Catchment Board was created. They had spent £91,537 on the outfall by 1937. Towards the end of the Second World War, E. G. Taverner, the chief engineer for the Drainage Board, devised a plan to relieve flooding in Spalding by creating a bypass channel, and building the Greatford Cut to divert the waters of the West Glen river into the Welland upstream of Market Deeping. The scheme cost £723,000, and the Coronation Channel around Spalding was opened in September 1953. Fulney lock was constructed at the same time to exclude the tide from the upper river,[32] as was the Maxey Cut, an embanked channel that bypasses the villages of Market Deeping, Deeping Gate and Deeping St James.[34]
Navigation[link]
The river as far as Stamford was used by the Romans for navigation, as it formed part of a system including the Car Dyke,[13] which ran along the western edge of the Fens and crossed the river near the modern Folly River. Navigation to Stamford was improved by the canal. Boats used on the canal were small lighters, around 7 feet (2.1 m) wide, capable of carrying from seven to fourteen tons, and normally worked in trains of four vessels. With the arrival of the railways, river trade declined. The Midland Railway reached Peterborough in 1846, and opened their line to Melton Mowbray, passing through Stamford, in 1848. Carriage of coal on the upper river stopped, and the locks quickly deteriorated. By April 1863, all traffic had ceased, and Stamford Corporation tried to sell the line at auction, but failed because their ownership of it was disputed.[35]
Trade on the lower river was carried in barges and keels. In 1802, vessels carrying 60 tons could reach the port facilities at Spalding, but this had decreased to 40 tons by the 1820s when the river was in a worse state. Nevertheless, in 1829, 250 vessels brought 12,523 tons of goods to the port, and 7,138 tons were carried away aboard 143 vessels. By 1835 this had risen to 23,387 tons arriving on 465 vessels, and 10,928 tons leaving aboard 232 vessels. With later improvements, barges and sloops of up to 120 tons could use the port. Because the river was maintained for drainage, some commercial traffic continued despite the railways, and tolls of £478 were collected on 11,690 tons in 1888. Coal for Spalding gasworks arrived by boat until the early 1900s, and the last regular trade was the carriage of corn, hay and straw from Spalding to Fosdyke, where the cargo was transferred to larger ships. All commercial carrying had ceased by the end of the Second World War.[36]
Vessels of 110 by 30 feet (34 by 9.1 m) and drawing 8 feet (2.4 m) can reach Fulney lock at high water. The lock is 62.3 by 27.8 feet (19.0 by 8.5 m) and at normal summer water levels, can accommodate boats drawing 2.6 feet (0.79 m). The river is officially navigable to the point at which the Folly River joins it, by boats up to 35 feet (11 m) long. Headroom on this stretch is severely restricted, at 5.25 feet (1.60 m). Smaller boats such as canoes, which can be carried around obstructions, can continue up to Stamford,[13] but they must use the old course of the river through the Deepings, rather than the Maxey cut.[37]
Below Spalding, there were no restrictions on headroom, which allowed small coasters to reach the town. The bridge at Fosdyke was a swing bridge, to comply with the provisions of the Fosdyke Bridge Act of 1870. The demise of such traffic allowed it to replaced by a fixed bridge with headroom of 16.5 feet (5.0 m), but the powers of the original act had to be rescinded, and the Port of Fosdyke Act was obtained in 1987 to allow this to happen.[38][39] The redundant wharfs at Fosdyke have been developed to provide moorings for yachts and other pleasure craft.[13] The lock at Fulney has three sets of gates, two pointing towards the sea, and a third between them which points upriver. The lock can thus only be used when the level below it is higher than the level above it, and as the tide falls, the intermediate gate closes to prevent its use.[37]
The principle of there being no tolls for use of the river was established by the 1664 act of parliament. This was reversed by the 1794 act, which imposed high tolls, until they were reduced by the provisions of an act of Parliament obtained in 1824.[31] The river is now managed by the Environment Agency between Stamford and just below Fosdyke bridge, and a licence is required to use it. From there to the Wash, it was managed by the Port of Fosdyke Authority,[13] but since they went into administration, the Environment Agency have also managed the section from Fosdyke Bridge to below the Whaplode River.[40]
Wildlife[link]
The river, in its upper reaches, supports a wild brown trout population. Chub and perch dominate the middle reaches around Stamford, with pike, perch and zander inhabiting the lower lengths around Spalding.
A collaboration between the Welland Rivers Trust, the Wild Trout Trust and the Environment Agency has resulted in the construction of a rock ramp, to allow migrating sea trout to pass up the river beyond the weir on the Maxey Cut, which was acting as a barrier. Some 300 tons of rock, with 50 tons of finer material forming a top layer, were used to create the ramp. The finer material ensures that water mainly flows over the ramp, rather than through it. The ramp also enables young eels or elvers to move up the river, and provides habitat for stone loach and bullheads.[41]
Large numbers of swans and geese use the river around Crowland, and out to sea. Smaller populations of each can be seen around the Stamford Meadows, and further upstream.
On the south bank of the river below Fosdyke bridge, the Lincolnshire Wildlife Trust have established Moulton Marsh nature reserve, on a strip of land where soil was excavated to raise the banks in 1981. Habitat is provided by some broad-leafed woodland, covering 15 acres (6.1 ha), several salt-water lagoons and tidal scrapes, covering 35 acres (14 ha), and 40 acres (16 ha) of saltmarsh. A variety of birds can be seen, including Little Grebe and Water Rail, which spend the winter on the lagoons, while the scrapes, which consist of shallow pools and muddy shorelines, are visited by Common Redshank and Little Egret.[42]
Between the river mouth and the River Witham, a large expanse of saltmarsh provides breeding grounds for Common Redshank, Eurasian Oystercatcher and Reed Bunting in the summer, and Eurasian Wigeon, Mallard, Common Shelduck and Common Teal in the winter. Birds of prey such as Hen Harrier and Merlin feed on the flocks of Linnet and Twite, while the mudflats support Dunlin, Whimbrel, and Bar-tailed Godwit. The Lincolnshire Wildlife Trust have a reserve there,[43] which is next to RSPB Frampton Marsh, a reserve managed by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds.[44]
Tributaries of the River Welland[link]
Points of interest[link]
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See also[link]
Bibliography[link]
- Boyes, John; Russell, Ronald (1977). The Canals of Eastern England. David and Charles. ISBN 978-0-7153-7415-3.
- Cox, Barrie (1994). The place-names of Rutland. English Place-Name Society. ISBN 978-0-904889-17-8.
- Cumberlidge, Jane (2009). Inland Waterways of Great Britain (8th Ed.). Imray Laurie Norie and Wilson. ISBN 978-1-84623-010-3.
- Edwards, L A (1985). Inland Waterways of Great Britain (6th Ed). Imray Laurie Norie and Wilson. ISBN 0-85288-081-2.
- Ekwall, Eilert (1928). English river-names. Clarendon Press.
- Skempton, Sir Alec et. al. (2002). A Biographical Dictionary of Civil Engineers in Great Britain and Ireland: Vol 1: 1500 to 1830. Thomas Telford. ISBN 0-7277-2939-X.
- Users Guide (2008). The Rivers Welland and Glen Users Guide. Environment Agency.
- Wheeler, William Henry; Batty, Leonard Charles (1896). A History of the Fens of South Lincolnshire. British Library Historical Print Collections. ISBN 978-1-241-32839-9.
References[link]
- ^ "Summary of Navigation on the River Welland". http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=1341736. from the pastscape list of National Monuments.
- ^ "Welland and Deepings IDB". http://www.wellandidb.org.uk/.
- ^ a b Cox 1994, p. 3
- ^ Ekwall 1928, p. 446
- ^ a b "Welland (UK) Operational HELP basin". UNESCO. http://portal.unesco.org/science/es/ev.php-URL_ID=3800&URL_DO=DO_PRINTPAGE&URL_SECTION=201.html. Retrieved 2011-03-17.
- ^ OS Map location
- ^ a b c d Ordnance Survey, 1:25000 map
- ^ Details from listed building database (232985) . Images of England. English Heritage. Welland Viaduct
- ^ Dr David Harper. "The Welland Basin". University of Leicester. http://www2.le.ac.uk/departments/biology/people/harper/the-welland-basin. Retrieved 2011-03-17.
- ^ Details from listed building database (193716) . Images of England. English Heritage. St Martin's Bridge, Stamford
- ^ Details from listed building database (193882) . Images of England. English Heritage. Hudd's Mill
- ^ Details from listed building database (194665) . Images of England. English Heritage. Molecey's Mill
- ^ a b c d e Cumberlidge 2009, p. 326
- ^ Wheeler & Batty 1896, p. 291
- ^ "Blooming industry". Historic Spalding. http://www2.spaldingtoday.co.uk/sites/history/bulbs.html. Retrieved 2011-05-02.
- ^ a b Boyes & Russell 1977, pp. 236–239
- ^ Wheeler & Batty 1896, p. 292
- ^ Wheeler & Batty 1896, p. 295
- ^ Boyes & Russell 1977, pp. 239–240
- ^ Boyes & Russell 1977, pp. 241–242
- ^ Boyes & Russell 1977, p. 236
- ^ Boyes & Russell 1977, p. 242
- ^ Boyes & Russell 1977, pp. 242–243
- ^ a b Boyes & Russell 1977, pp. 243–244
- ^ Skempton 2002, pp. 522–523
- ^ Skempton 2002, p. 277
- ^ Skempton 2002, p. 279
- ^ Skempton 2002, pp. 327–328
- ^ Boyes & Russell 1977, pp. 247–248
- ^ "Home Page". Welland & Deepings IDB. http://wellandidb.org.uk/index.php. Retrieved 2010-12-17.
- ^ a b Boyes & Russell 1977, p. 246
- ^ a b c Boyes & Russell 1977, pp. 248–250
- ^ Wheeler & Batty 1896, p. 305
- ^ "Welland Valley Landscape Character Assessment". Peterborough City Council. p. 40. http://www.peterborough.gov.uk/pdf/env-plan-ldf-cs-lcs-area3.pdf.
- ^ Boyes & Russell 1977, p. 241
- ^ Boyes & Russell 1977, pp. 246–247
- ^ a b Users Guide 2008
- ^ Edwards 1985, p. 388
- ^ "House of Lords debate". Hansard. 5 December 1983. http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/lords/1983/dec/05/fosdyke-bridge-bill-hl. Retrieved 2010-12-17.
- ^ "Welland and Glen Navigation Guide". Environment Agency. http://www.fenswaterways.com/Portals/0/docs/navigation_guides/Welland_Glen_Navigation_Guide.pdf. Retrieved 2011-03-21.
- ^ "Ramping up efforts to help rare fish". Welland Rivers Trust. http://www.wellandriverstrust.org.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=1&Itemid=50. Retrieved 2011-03-21.
- ^ "Moulton Marsh". Lincolnshire Wildlife Trust. http://www.lincstrust.org.uk/reserves/nr/reserve.php?mapref=99. Retrieved 2010-12-18.
- ^ "Frampton Marsh". Lincolnshire Wildlife Trust. http://www.lincstrust.org.uk/reserves/nr/reserve.php?mapref=19. Retrieved 2011-04-25.
- ^ "About Frampton Marsh". RSPB. http://www.rspb.org.uk/reserves/guide/f/framptonmarsh/about.aspx. Retrieved 2011-04-25.
External links[link]
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For the canal, see Welland Canal. For other uses, see Welland (disambiguation).
| Welland | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — City — | |||
| Corporation of the City of Welland | |||
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| Nickname(s): The Rose City | |||
| Motto: Where Rails and Water Meet | |||
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 Welland
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| Coordinates: 42°59′N 79°14′W / 42.983°N 79.233°W / 42.983; -79.233Coordinates: 42°59′N 79°14′W / 42.983°N 79.233°W / 42.983; -79.233 | |||
| Country |  Canada |
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| Province |  Ontario |
||
| Region | Niagara | ||
| Settled | 1788 | ||
| Incorporated | 1858 (village) | ||
| 1917 (city) | |||
| Government | |||
| • Mayor | Barry Sharpe | ||
| • Governing body | Welland City Council | ||
| • MP | Malcolm Allen | ||
| • MPP | Cindy Forster | ||
| Elevation | 179 m (587 ft) | ||
| Population (2011) | |||
| • Total | 50,631 | ||
| Time zone | Eastern (EST) (UTC−5) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | EDT (UTC−4) | ||
| Postal code | L3B, L3C, L0S | ||
| Area code(s) | 905/289 | ||
| Website | www.welland.ca | ||
Welland (2011 population 50,631)[1] is a city in the Regional Municipality of Niagara in Southern Ontario, Canada.
The city has been traditionally known as the place where rails and water meet, referring to the railways from Buffalo to Toronto and Southwestern Ontario, and the waterways of Welland Canal and Welland River, which played a great role in the city's development.
The city is notable for its large francophone population. Welland is one of few communities in southern Ontario where the percentage of Franco-Ontarians exceeds the overall provincial average. This, however, is proportionately speaking, as English still predominates.
Welland is the home of C Company of The Lincoln and Welland Regiment which is part of the 31 Canadian Brigade Group, the classification of this unit is Light Infantry.
Welland's nickname is The Rose City. Residents of the city are known as Wellanders.
Contents |
History[link]
The city was first settled in 1788 by the United Empire Loyalists. On October 19, 1814, Canadian forces led by George Hay, 8th Marquess of Tweeddale,[2] met an American raiding party, numbering approximately nine hundred, near the eastern edge of the present community during the Battle of Cook's Mills. After an intense skirmish, the Americans retreated to Buffalo, New York. Cook's Mills was the second to last engagement of the War of 1812 on Canadian soil.[3]
The Welland Canal is involved in the history of the area ever since the First Welland Canal was extended to reach Lake Erie in 1833. A wooden aqueduct was built to carry the Welland Canal over the Welland River at what is now downtown Welland, and the area became known as simply Aqueduct. A lock to cross from the canal to the river and vice versa was also built. A small shantytown soon developed around the facility, providing essential services in what was a convenient stop-over location.
The growing town was later named Merrittsville, after William Hamilton Merritt, the initiator of the Welland Canal project. This name is still reflected today in the name of the Merrittville Highway (Niagara Road 50), which served as the primary north-south route in central Niagara before the construction of Highway 406. Welland gained its present name when it was incorporated on July 24, 1858. It became a city in 1917.
In addition to the presence of the canal itself, one of the few railway crossings across the canal was also located near Welland. The two factors contributed greatly to the development of heavy industry in Welland. The Plymouth Cordage Company was the first major industrial company to open a plant in Welland in 1906. By 1930s, Welland was an important industry location in the region and was developing rapidly.
In 1960s, the city was starting to outgrow the canal passing through its core. The Welland By-Pass project, started in 1967 and finished in 1973, provided a new, shorter alignment for the Welland Canal by removing it from downtown Welland to the outskirts of the city. With the completion of the bypass, the east end of Welland (and the former town of Crowland) became a virtual man-made island, lying between the new and old canal channels.
Originally, this was viewed with enthusiasm as the constant traffic on the canal was interfering heavily with transportation within the city. The old alignment of the canal was renamed the Welland Recreational Waterway with the purpose of developing several recreational facilities and tourist attractions along its shores. The original plans called for fishing platforms, water slides, boat rental points, as well as marine and rail historical exhibits.[citation needed]
The effects of the canal relocation were compounded by the gradual, but steady move of industry out of Welland as a trend for global manufacturing was developing. As a result, downtown Welland has seen much deterioration in the years following the project. Many businesses relocated to the north end of the city, where a retail hub was being developed in and around the Seaway Mall.
Government[link]
The current mayor of Welland is Barry Sharpe. The Welland city council is made up of the mayor and 12 councillors, each elected in his or her ward. There are currently six wards in Welland, each of which elects two councillors. The mayor and two regional councillors, currently George Marshall and Peter Kormos, also represent the city on Niagara Regional Council.
The city is responsible for fire protection, libraries, parks and recreation and secondary streets, but many municipal services come instead from the broader level of government, the Niagara Region. Regional responsibilities include social welfare, community health, and policing through the Niagara Regional Police.
The chief local political issue is the redevelopment of the downtown core area, which has been deteriorating in the years following the Welland By-Pass project. The Civic Square project has been completed after spanning the terms of three city councils and three mayors. The new building, facing both East Main Street and the old canal, houses the city hall and the Welland Public Library. The project is proving to be a catalyst for development, as several new establishments have been opened downtown and some current business are expanding.
Welland is represented in the House of Commons of Canada by the NDP MP Malcolm Allen, and in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario by the NDP MPP Cindy Forster, representing the federal and the provincial ridings of Welland.
Demographics[link]
| Historical populations | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1871 | 1,110 | — |
| 1881 | 1,870 | +68.5% |
| 1891 | 2,035 | +8.8% |
| 1901 | 1,863 | −8.5% |
| 1911 | 5,318 | +185.5% |
| 1921 | 8,654 | +62.7% |
| 1931 | 10,709 | +23.7% |
| 1941 | 12,421 | +16.0% |
| 1951 | 15,382 | +23.8% |
| 1961 | 36,079 | +134.6% |
| 1971 | 44,397 | +23.1% |
| 1981 | 45,448 | +2.4% |
| 1991 | 47,914 | +5.4% |
| 2001 | 48,402 | +1.0% |
| 2006 | 50,331 | +4.0% |
| 2011 | 50,631 | +0.6% |
During the 2011 Census, the population of Welland was determined to be 50,631, making Welland the 96th largest city in Canada. The population rose from 50,331 in the 2011 Census.
The Niagara College of Applied Arts and Technology brings people from all over southern Ontario to the city, promoting diversity.
According to the 2001 census, 95.5% of the population is Caucasian, 1.7% Aboriginal, 1.1% Black, 0.2% Korean, and 0.3% of other Asian descent. 17.7% of inhabitants are under the age of 14, while those over 65 account for 16.9%.
In 1914, a local business called Empire Cotton Mills was bought by a Quebec-based company. They brought in twenty francophone families to work in the mill, giving a start to a French-speaking community still very alive in the city today. Presently, Welland is one of only three communities in southern Ontario (excluding eastern Ontario) where Franco-Ontarians, as a percentage of the community's population, exceed the provincial average of 4.8%. (The other two are Penetanguishene and Lakeshore.)
Another significant cultural group was established with the opening of the Plymouth Cordage plant. Many workers relocated to Welland from the company's operations in Plymouth, Massachusetts were of Italian origin. To minimise the potential effects of cultural and language barriers, Plymouth Cordage sent four foremen to Welland: one was Italian, one French, one German and one English. The neighbourhood that the company built for its employees (now Plymouth Cordage Heritage District [1]) became the first Italian ethnic neighbourhood in Welland.
The Top 5 largest ethnic groups include: English: 24.9%, French: 23.3%, Scottish: 14.4%, Italian: 13.3%, and Irish: 13.1%. There are also many people of eastern European origin from countries like Croatia, Hungary, and Poland, as well as a growing Hispanic community.
Education[link]
Like the rest of Ontario, Welland has access to four public education systems: the regional school boards are the Niagara Catholic District School Board and the District School Board of Niagara. The Conseil scolaire de district du Centre-Sud-Ouest (the French public board) and the Conseil scolaire de district catholique Centre-Sud (the French Catholic board) also operate schools in Welland.
There are twenty elementary schools and five secondary schools in Welland. Of these, four elementary schools and two secondary schools are part of French-language boards. All schools offer education in French to some extent.
The Niagara Catholic District School Board operates six elementary schools within the city including Alexander Kuska KSG, Holy Name, St. Andrew, St. Augustine, St. Kevin and St. Mary, each offering Kindergarten through to Grade 8. The board also operates one secondary school in the city: Notre Dame College School which offers Grade 9 through to Grade 12. Continuing education courses are also offered by the board at its Father Patrick H. Fogarty Learning Centre within the city.
The District School Board of Niagara operates ten elementary schools within the city and two secondary schools: Welland Centennial servicing the western side of the city and Eastdale Secondary servicing the eastern side.
Thanks to the large population of francophones, both the Conseil scolaire de district du Centre-Sud-Ouest (the French public board) and the Conseil scolaire de district catholique Centre-Sud (the French Catholic board) operate elementary and secondary schools in Welland. École secondaire Confédération and École secondaire catholique Jean-Vanier are the only French public and French Catholic, respectively, secondary schools in the Niagara Region. Jean-Vanier relocated to a new building in the north end of the city in 2010, adjacent to a proposed municipal sports park.
Due to the abundance of French schools, it is not unusual for parents to opt for French-language education for their children, even if only one or neither of the parents have French heritage. The process further strengthens the bilingual character of Welland.
Economy[link]
Initially, manufacturing firms were the biggest employers in Welland. The plants of companies like Union Carbide, United Steel, Plymouth Cordage Company, three drop forges, a cotton mill, and the Atlas Steels, as well as general manufacturing plants, had big influence on shaping early Welland. While recent years saw the end of Welland operations for several companies, such as John Deere which announced in September 2008 that it would be closing its plant and relocating manufacturing to Wisconsin and Mexico, businesses such as Lakeside Steel (a pipe plant formerly owned by Stelco) continues to employ residents.
Due to a large concentration of francophones in the city and resulting large degree of bilingualism, the city has been successful in bringing several call centres to Welland. Correspondingly, Canadian Tire Financial Services is presently Welland's largest employer, employing over 1,600 people in two centres.
Welland's electricity comes from the Sir Adam Beck hydroelectric generation plants at Niagara Falls via Welland Hydro. Thanks to the presence of the massive plant, power remained on in over half of Welland during the 2003 North America blackout until rolling blackouts began the next day in an effort to provide power to areas that hadn't had it for nearly 24 hours.
Geography[link]
Welland is located in the centre of south Niagara. Over the years, urban growth has all but united the northwest part of Welland with the community of Fonthill.
Prior to the Welland By-Pass project, the Welland Canal cut through the centre of Welland. As a result, a very prominent split was created between the east side and the west side of the city. The west side grew primarily to the north, while the east side expanded south. The west side also became the more affluent of the two. Today, even though the canal traffic no longer causes regular interruption in the traffic across the city, the channel lives on as Welland Recreational Waterway. The waterway still serves as a very prominent visual feature dividing the city, and it is perhaps for this reason that the east side/west side division is still very much alive in the minds of Wellanders. East side and west side are very commonly used as basic directions.
The communities of Cooks Mills and Dain City have their own separation stories. Cooks Mills, located on the other side of the By-Pass channel than the rest of Welland, has arguably been protected against the impact of urban sprawl, but the necessity of using one of the two highway tunnels to cross the canal causes some residents to head to nearby Niagara Falls instead. Dain City, located in the south of the city where the two channels meet, is separated by the massive approaches to the Townline Tunnel required to provide the low grade for the rail lines that use the tunnel. Dain City was built for, and by, the Dain Manufacturing Company (Now known as John Deere), the main employer in the area, as a "company town". John Deere announced in September 2008 that it would be closing its plant and relocating manufacturing to Wisconsin and Mexico.
Currently, there is a slight movement to develop the northern end of the east side, an area formerly left undeveloped. A community named Hunters Pointe is being built close to the banks of the By-Pass, and the area received further investment when a new Wal-Mart store opened on Woodlawn Road close to Highway 406.
Technically, both the east side and Dain City are peninsulas, surrounded by the waters of the old and new channels of the Welland Canal and connected to "solid" ground only by the relatively small plug in the old canal along the Townline Tunnel approaches.
Another interesting man-made geographic feature is the Merritt Island, a strip of land approximately five kilometres long and, in some places, less than 100 metres wide. The island was created when the alignment of the First Welland Canal was constructed basically parallel to the Welland River and since the abandonment of the old canal has been established as Merritt Park, featuring a popular four kilometre-long paved trail.
Climate[link]
Welland experiences a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb) typical of the Great Lakes region, with cold, snowy winters, mild, wet springs, warm, humid summers, and cool, wet falls. The winter is the driest season, with no more than 77.8 mm (3.06 in.) of precipitation in its wettest month. Though, due to lake-effect snow, the city receives, on average, 97.8 cm (38.5 in.) of snow every winter. The average temperature in January, the coldest month, is −4.7 °C (23.5 °F). Spring is mild (13 °C (55.4 °F) on average) and rainy (240.3 mm (9.46 in.) of rain in April, May and June, also with 5.4 cm (2.12 in.) of snow in April and May). Summer is warm, with an average high temperature of 24.5 °C (76.2 °F) and, humid, with 251 mm (9.88in.) of total rainfall. Autumn is cool (average temperature of 4.3 °C (39.7 °F)) and wet (actually, the wettest of Welland's seasons) (273.7 mm (10.8 in.) of total precipitation. The extreme high and low temperatures are 37.8 °C (100 °F), recorded on July 4, 1911; July 1, 1931; Aug 26, 1948, and −32.8 °C (-27 °F), recorded on January 25, 1884. Daily precipitation extremes include a rainfall of 118.4 mm (4.66 in.) on September 30, 1959, and a snowfall of 81.3 cm (32.0 inches) on March 1, 1900. One of the worst winter storms to affect the Welland area was in January 1977 when the Blizzard of '77 hit Niagara and Western New York from January 28 to February 1, 1977.
| Climate data for Welland, ON | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 20.0 (68.0) |
20.5 (68.9) |
27.0 (80.6) |
32.5 (90.5) |
33.9 (93.0) |
36.1 (97.0) |
37.8 (100.0) |
37.8 (100.0) |
35.0 (95.0) |
32.2 (90.0) |
25.6 (78.1) |
20.6 (69.1) |
37.8 (100.0) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −0.8 (30.6) |
0.0 (32.0) |
5.3 (41.5) |
12.2 (54.0) |
19.2 (66.6) |
24.1 (75.4) |
26.7 (80.1) |
25.7 (78.3) |
21.2 (70.2) |
14.8 (58.6) |
8.2 (46.8) |
2.3 (36.1) |
13.2 (55.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −4.7 (23.5) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
0.7 (33.3) |
6.9 (44.4) |
13.4 (56.1) |
18.6 (65.5) |
21.4 (70.5) |
20.6 (69.1) |
16.3 (61.3) |
10.0 (50.0) |
4.3 (39.7) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
8.5 (47.3) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −8.6 (16.5) |
−8.5 (16.7) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
1.6 (34.9) |
7.6 (45.7) |
13.1 (55.6) |
16.1 (61.0) |
15.4 (59.7) |
11.3 (52.3) |
5.2 (41.4) |
0.4 (32.7) |
−5.3 (22.5) |
3.7 (38.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −32.8 (−27.0) |
−31.1 (−24.0) |
−27.8 (−18.0) |
−18.3 (−0.9) |
−6.1 (21.0) |
1.1 (34.0) |
3.9 (39.0) |
0.5 (32.9) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
−8.9 (16.0) |
−20 (−4) |
−27.8 (−18.0) |
−32.8 (−27.0) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 76.7 (3.02) |
66.3 (2.61) |
77.8 (3.063) |
76.5 (3.012) |
77.7 (3.059) |
91.5 (3.602) |
70.4 (2.772) |
82.7 (3.256) |
97.9 (3.854) |
84.5 (3.327) |
91.6 (3.606) |
97.6 (3.843) |
991.3 (39.028) |
| Rainfall mm (inches) | 34.8 (1.37) |
30.4 (1.197) |
57.8 (2.276) |
71.5 (2.815) |
77.3 (3.043) |
91.5 (3.602) |
70.4 (2.772) |
82.7 (3.256) |
97.9 (3.854) |
84.3 (3.319) |
82.1 (3.232) |
57.6 (2.268) |
838.4 (33.008) |
| Snowfall cm (inches) | 41.9 (16.5) |
35.9 (14.13) |
20.0 (7.87) |
5.0 (1.97) |
0.4 (0.16) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0.2 (0.08) |
9.5 (3.74) |
40.0 (15.75) |
152.9 (60.2) |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 14.8 | 12.7 | 12.6 | 13.3 | 12.9 | 11.9 | 10.3 | 10.8 | 11.6 | 12.4 | 14.0 | 15.5 | 152.9 |
| Avg. rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 5.8 | 5.2 | 9.1 | 12.5 | 12.9 | 11.9 | 10.3 | 10.8 | 11.6 | 12.4 | 12.2 | 8.7 | 123.4 |
| Avg. snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) | 9.9 | 8.3 | 4.9 | 1.4 | 0.07 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.07 | 2.4 | 8.1 | 35.1 |
| Source: Environment Canada [4] | |||||||||||||
Parks[link]
Notable parks are Chippawa Park, an older, well-developed park in the northwest; Memorial Park, a newer park in the southeast; and Merrit Island Park along the canal.
Chippawa Park has rolling hills, mature specimen trees, playgrounds, a large pond, and small ornamental fish pond in a formal rose garden. It features a large war memorial carved from Lacasse granite and designed by a famous Canadian sculptor, Elizabeth Wyn Wood.
Memorial Park was a project of the 1967 Centennial. It is very flat with younger trees. It has an outdoor pool shaped like a figure 8. There is also a cenotaph at this park. In the late 1960s, the eastern part of the park was used for the Welland Canal bypass. Patrons of the park can often see ships passing through the bypass.
At the heart of the old city of Welland, near the Main Street Bridge, the Welland River passes under the old Welland Canal, then runs parallel to it for a few miles. Between the old canal and the river lies a long narrow strip of land referred to as Merrit Island that is now a park. The end of the park closest to the centre of the city has picnic tables and playground equipment. The island also includes a main trail that follows the bank of the old canal for the entire length of the park, with a variety of intermittent side paths and trails.
Welland Canal trails[link]
The Welland Canal Parkway Trail is a paved recreational path beginning in the City of St. Catharines at Lake Ontario and ending at Lake Erie in Port Colborne. The sections of the trail located within Welland are paved. The trail follows alongside the Welland ship and Recreational Canals, and passes through downtown Welland.
Transport[link]
Welland Canal[link]
File:Main Street bridge, Welland.jpg
The Main Street Bridge (official name: Bridge 13), a Welland landmark
Main article: Welland Canal
The Welland Canal, linking Lake Ontario with Lake Erie, is the transportaion mode that Welland is best known for. Until 1972, the canal passed through downtown Welland. As of the end of the 1972 shipping season, the canal was re-routed via the Welland Canal Bypass east of the city. Welland clings to its canal heritage, as evidenced by the steadfast preservation of the Main Street Lift Bridge (Welland Canal, bridge 13) shown in the photograph above.
Roads[link]
Highway 406 is the main route out of Welland, leading north to Thorold, St. Catharines and onwards via Queen Elizabeth Way. However, the first six kilometres of the highway are not a freeway like the 400-series highways standard dictates, but rather a standard two-lane highway with at-grade interchanges. Funding to upgrade this section was approved in 2011 and work is currently (2012) underway which will upgrade to full 400 series standards from East Main Street to the Queen Elizabeth Way.
Port Colborne is linked to Welland by Highways 140 and 58. Port Colborne residents then can take the 406 further north.
The Mid-Peninsula Highway, once constructed, can play an important role in the transportation patterns of Welland, as it might cross the Welland Canal along the Highway 58A corridor in the south of the city. Should that occur, Highway 406 will likely be extended to reach the new thoroughfare.
Two of the three tunnels under the canal, Main Street Tunnel and Townline Tunnel, are located in Welland, just east of the main urbanised area.
Railways[link]
Welland boasts a rich railway history. The city motto is "Where Rails and Water Meet", referring to the two prevalent means of transportation. The Canada Southern Railway (CASO) passed through the south end of Welland, with a passenger station on King Street. The CASO operated very few trains of its own - the majority of traffic on the line consisted of New York Central Railway trains transiting between Windsor, Ontario (and the tunnel to Detroit), and one of two bridges over the Niagara River located at Niagara Falls and Fort Erie.
Welland was also the terminus of the Toronto, Hamilton & Buffalo Railway's track (the link to Buffalo, New York being via the CASO line). The T, H & B ran joint passenger trains with the New York Central to provide through service between Toronto and Buffalo (via Hamilton, Ontario and Welland).
There was also a Canadian National Railways (earlier, Grand Trunk Railway) line running in a North/South direction and crossing the CASO line at Welland Diamond. An interlocking tower (WX) stood here. Another line ran through the Dain City area of south Welland. This was the Canada Air Line Railway, and was also used by the Wabash Railway. Later, it became the Cayuga Subdivision of the Canadian National Railway.
Lastly, the Niagara, St. Catharines and Toronto Railway provided electric interurban service from Port Colborne, Ontario to Thorold, Ontario via Welland. Passenger service ended in November 1959, but the tracks remained in freight use until 1981 when a trestle over the Welland River became unsafe and the line was removed from service.
The relocation of the Welland Canal in the early 1970s caused massive changes in the local railway network. The new route of the canal was previously crossed by five separate railway lines. The new segment of canal would have no bridges, and just one railway tunnel, so all of these routes required redesign. The two branches of the CASO line, plus the Cayuga Subdivision were re-routed through the Townline Tunnel, while the North/South Canadian National line was split and discontinued as a through route. The station at King Street was abandoned and demolished. It was replaced by a new station outside of town, but passenger service ended soon after.
Today, Welland is the location of one of only two remaining railway crossings that span the Welland Canal. The Townline Tunnel is built for three railway tracks, but the center track was removed in the early 1990s. Now, only two tracks run through the tunnel. The north track is the Canadian Pacific Railway Hamilton subdivision. The south track was formerly the Canadian National Railway Cayuga subdivision. Since the abandonment of the majority of that subdivision, operations on this track were limited to occasional trains interchanging with Trillium Rail's Port Colborne Harbour Railway. Today, Canadian Pacific also uses this track as their "Brookfield Siding".
There is also a Trillium Railway (Port Colborne Harbour Railway) north-south line running through the east side of Welland on the former Welland Canal railway/Canadian National tracks beside the former site of the Atlas Specialty Steels plant (torn down in 2007). A daily (Monday to Friday) train operates along this route to Merriton (interchange with Canadian National). No passenger trains stop in Welland - the closest Via Rail stations are in St. Catharines and Niagara Falls.
Prior to the Welland Canal relocation in the early 1970s, there were two bridges crossing the old canal. The busiest was a swing bridge located between the Lincoln and Broadway bridges (the CASO line). This bridge was a relic of an earlier canal, and although it does not swing any longer, it remains in railway use. Once or twice per week, a local way freight crosses this bridge to access Vesuvius Industries on the west side of the old canal. The second crossing was as vertical lift bridge at Dain City, Ontario which also remains in use as the Trillium Rail Canal line.
A recent initiative proposed by local businessmen and politicians, in particular Trillium Railway owner Wayne Ettinger and former mayor Damian Goulbourne calls for the planned GO Train extension into the Niagara Region to include a station — and cross the Welland Canal — in Welland rather than St. Catharines. The proponents argue that an adequate rail line is already in place and using the Trillium's track through the Townline Tunnel would allow for uninterrupted train traffic to Niagara Falls. They also point out that a station in Welland would fit in the Niagara Region's "Grow South" policy of expanding the infrastructure south of the Niagara Escarpment.[5]
Air[link]
The closest airport to Welland is the Welland/Niagara Central Airport on the western edge of the city. It is a small field airport and is not served by any regular links, but it is an international point of entry. However the airport is under a number of developments in hopes to expand its services. For now, most air travellers use either Toronto's Lester B. Pearson International Airport or Hamilton's John C. Munro International Airport. The Buffalo Niagara International Airport is also used by some, as it is the closest, although it requires that travellers cross the American border.
Public transit[link]
Between 1912 and 1930, local streetcar service was provided in Welland by the Niagara, Welland and Lake Erie railway which operated on East Main Street and King Street (then known as South Main Street). This company also provided a short lived service on West Main Street and Niagara Street (then known as North Main) for about 6 months in 1922.[6]
Since 1973, Welland Transit operates the public transport service of scheduled bus services and paratransit covering the city. Also provided is Welland-St. Catharines Connection, a link to the St. Catharines public transit system from Niagara College to Brock University terminal in St. Catharines, with the first and last run of the day interconnecting to the downtown core. Service is also provided to Port Colborne and Pelham.[7]
Events[link]
Niagara Food Festival, marketed as The Peninsula's Tastiest Party, takes place in and around the city's downtown core in early fall and brings crowds from the entire region in addition to the locals.
Niagara Regional Exhibition, running since 1853, is held at the Fairgrounds in the north end of the city every fall. Tradition stands that on at least one of the operational days it will rain.
Farmers' Market, held downtown in the Market Square, features up to 60 vendors offering food, produce and homemade items every Saturday morning, year-round.
Welland's Eastdale High School held its 50th Anniversary Reunion on May 20, 21 and 22, 2011. Welland High and Vocational School Reunion was held May 15/16 2009 in Welland.
The Welland Dragon Boat Festival, takes place in June.[8]
The Welland Rose Festival is one of Niagara's longest running festivals. The Rose Festival promotes and encourages community participation through many events such as the Rose Parade, Baby Show, Rose Show, Days in the Park, and more. Celebrating 50 years in 2011, the Rose Festival continues to offer a host of spectacular events and entertainers in the month of June.
Famous people from Welland[link]
- Stacey Allaster - Chairman, Women's Tennis Association"Sony Ericsson WTA Tour". http://www.sonyericssonwtatour.com/page/BiographyDetails/0,,12781~1600665,00.html. Retrieved 2010-01-16.
- Attack In Black - Alternative Band
- Paul Beeston - Former president of Major League Baseball and former president (and now interim CEO) of the Toronto Blue Jays.
- Paul Bissonnette - Phoenix Coyotes Hockey Player (NHL)
- Ken Breitenbach - Former Buffalo Sabres Hockey Player (NHL)
- Cal Clutterbuck - Minnesota Wild player
- Brian Daboll - Offensive Coordinator, Miami Dolphins
- Andre Deveaux - professional hockey player, New York Rangers and Connecticut Whale
- Matt Ellis - Buffalo Sabres hockey player.
- Simon Gatti - Soccer player
- Daniel Girardi - New York Rangers hockey player.
- Wayne Groulx - Former NHL/Austrian league Hockey player
- Chris Haney - Co-inventor of "Trivial Pursuit" board game
- Curtis Harrison - Actor, Writer
- Mike Hominuck - Player for the Toronto Rock of the NLL.
- Bill Huard - Former NHL Hockey Player
- Joshua Iannantuono - London Knights - Violinist
- Matt Johnson (ice hockey) - Former NHL Hockey Player
- Peter Kormos - long-serving NDP Member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario
- Anthony Lacavera - Chairman and CEO of Globalive Communications Corporation
- Amy Ciupak Lalonde - Co-Star of CBC's hit show Sophie and one of the stars of Diary of the Dead (2007)
- Ablan Leon - Founder of Leon's Furniture Company
- Anna Olson - Host of Sugar and Fresh with Anna Olson on Food Network Canada (Born in Georgia, United States, now resides in Welland)
- Daniel Paille - Boston Bruins hockey player.
- Gilbert Parent - Former federal Speaker of the House of Commons
- Mike Pelino - Head Coach Peterborough Petes
- Tammy Plante - Playboy Playmate
- Mike Smrek - Former NBA player (Chicago, Los Angeles, San Antonio & Golden State)
- Bill Welychka - News Anchor
- Trevor(Hames)Pachkowski- Musician(The Guv'nor Generals)Photographer, Actor
In popular culture[link]
Welland's Seaway Mall gained national attention when a flash mob was filmed singing the Hallelujah Chorus in the food court in November 2010.[9] A video of the event went viral on YouTube,[10] gaining 14.4 million views in less than a month. On December 8, Canada AM broadcast a live performance from the same food court, drawing a crowd of about 500 people.[11]
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ "Welland community profile". 2006 Census data. Statistics Canada. http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3526032&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=Welland&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=. Retrieved 2011-02-03.
- ^ http://virtualwalk.ca/index.php/Welland-Ontario/History-Geography.html
- ^ Collins,Gilbert: Guidebook to the Historic Sites of the War of 1812 (Dundern Group, Toronto Ontario,2006, ISBN 1-55002-626-7), pgs. 158.
- ^ Canadian Climate Normals 1971-2000
- ^ Furminger, Greg (2006-07-20). "Fantastic idea; Railway owner makes pitch for Go Transit service". Welland Tribune. http://www.wellandtribune.ca/webapp/sitepages/content.asp?contentid=115122&catname=Local%20News. Retrieved 2006-08-09.
- ^ Mills, John (2007). Niagara, St. Catharines and Toronto Railway. Canada: Railfare DC Books. pp. 198–199. ISBN 1-897190-27-1.
- ^ "Routes and Schedules". http://welland.ca/Transit/Route_schedules.pdf. Retrieved 2009-01-15.
- ^ Welland Dragon Boat Festival
- ^ http://www.vancouversun.com/news/canada/Food+court+Hallelujah+Chorus+goes+viral/3918451/story.html
- ^ "Christmas Food Court Flash Mob, Hallelujah Chorus - Must See!". YouTube. November 2010. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SXh7JR9oKVE. Retrieved 2011-01-09.
- ^ http://www.wellandtribune.ca/ArticleDisplay.aspx?archive=true&e=2882789
- [2]
- Lewis, William H. Aqueduct Merrittsville and Welland : a history of the city of Welland : the beginning years, A.M.W Publications, 1997. ISBN 0-9682743-0-7.
- Lewis, William H. Aqueduct Merrittsville and Welland : a history of the city of Welland, volume 2 : the continuing years, A.M.W Publications, 2000. ISBN 0-9682743-1-5.
- Lewis, William H. Aqueduct Merrittsville and Welland : a history of the city of Welland, volume 3 : the 20th century, A.M.W Publications, 2003. ISBN 0-9682743-2-3.
- Welland Public Library's Local History Resources
- History of Industry in Welland
- Canada Southern Railway Home Page CanadaSouthern.com
- Canada Southern Railway (Photos - Welland) Welland Photo Page
External links[link]
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http://wn.com/Welland
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welland
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Born | Steve Winter (1957-12-08) December 8, 1957 (age 54) Dubuque, Iowa, United States |
|---|---|
| Occupation | Game designer, editor |
| Nationality | United States |
| Genres | Role-playing games |
| Spouse(s) | Mary Kirchoff[1] (September 1985-) |
Steve Winter is a game designer who has worked on numerous products for the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game from TSR and later Wizards of the Coast.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Steve Winter was born in Dubuque, Iowa on December 8, 1957.[2] Winter attended Catholic school for grade school and high school, and had two years of Catholic college before he transferred to Iowa State University at Ames. “A nun introduced me to the works of J. R. R. Tolkien in high school ... Previously, I had been mostly into historical novels and military history. For the next several years, I read all the fantasy I could get my hands on — but I didn’t enjoy very much of it. I couldn’t find anything with the same sense of humor and style as Tolkien. I also read a lot of science fiction.”[2] In 1978, while attending college, Winter worked part time at a department store which carried a few wargames in its small games department. He began playing with the wargame The Russian Campaign by Avalon Hill; “The Russian Campaign intrigued me, so I bought Tobruk, which was the game that changed my life. I played it to death.”[2]
At Iowa State University, Winter was majoring in journalism. “I worked on the campus newsletter, which, incidentally, was the seventh largest daily newspaper in Iowa. One day, I was proofreading the classified ad column, and came across an ad for the Iowa State Gamers. I went to their next meeting, and was introduced to the D&D game ... From then on, I played all day every Saturday, but I never was one of those 5-hour-a-day,7-day-a-week gamers. The newspaper took up most of my time, and I had my heart set on becoming a journalist.”[2] After graduating, Winter got a job on the Peoria (Ill.) Journal-Star as a city desk reporter. “The first night I was there I covered the first murder in Peoria for over a year. I also covered Reagan’s last campaign appearance in 1980. Then there were less exciting jobs, like covering the Mass Transit Board.”[2]
Career[link]
Winter's position with the Peoria Journal Star was a temporary position, and he was laid off after the woman he was substituting for came back from maternity leave. “One day I was in a hobby shop in Peoria, and saw an issue of DRAGON Magazine that mentioned that TSR was looking for editors. I sent my resume, and got an interview. I ended up coming to Lake Geneva three times. The first time, my car broke down, and I had to call and postpone the interview. The second time, everything worked out. But on the third trip, my car broke down again, but I was within five miles of Lake Geneva, so I was able to get it towed in.”[2]
Winter began with TSR in May 1981 as a Games Editor. In this position, he is credited as the co-creator of the Marvel Super Heroes Game, and the editor of both Star Frontiers boxed games, the Gangbusters games, the 1983 World of Greyhawk revision, and the Top Secret Companion. Winter was promoted to Manager of Game Editors in 1984, and continued working on many different projects in addition to his management duties, including editing half of the book Oriental Adventures.[2]
Winter ran annual miniatures events at the Gen Con game convention, including the Car Wars “Lake Geneva Death Rally” series. Winter wrote "The Art of Three-Dimensional Gaming" booklet for the Battlesystem Fantasy Combat Supplement. Winter designed and developed an SPI game, Sniper Patrol, combining and expanding the older Sniper and Patrol games.[2]
Winter, with Jim Ward, David Cook, and Mike Breault, co-wrote the adventure scenario that was adapted into the game Pool of Radiance.[3] Steve Winter has worked on many game products for the Dungeons & Dragons game since 1981, as a designer, editor, coordinator, and creative director. Some of his works as a game designer include Ruins of Adventure, The Complete Psionics Handbook, the 3rd edition version of Monster Manual II, and Lords of Madness. Winter co-wrote the Dragonlance novel Wanderlust with Mary Kirchoff.
Personal life[link]
In September 1985, Winter married Mary Kirchoff, who had been a member of the Dragon Magazine editorial staff and editor of the Polyhedron Newszine. The couple had an Irish setter named Hannibal.[2]
Mr. Winter's position with Wizards of the Coast was terminated on 14 December, 2011.[citation needed]
References[link]
- ^ Kenson, Stephen (December 1999). "ProFiles: Mary Kirchoff". Dragon (Renton, Washington: Wizards of the Coast) (#266): 24.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "TSR Profiles". Dragon (Lake Geneva, Wisconsin: TSR, Inc.) (#106): 61. February 1986.
- ^ The Dragon editors. "The Envelope, Please!". Dragon (149 September 1989): 20–21.
External links[link]
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Winter, Steve |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Dungeons and Dragons Game designer |
| Date of birth | December 8, 1957 |
| Place of birth | Dubuque, Iowa, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Steve_Winter
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Winter
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
