Islamic State of Iraq and Syria Full Documentary :: Abu Bakr Al Baghdadi Biography The Islamic State[1][2] (Arabic: الدولة الإسلامية‎ al-Dawlah al-Islāmīyah), formerly known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (alternatively translated as Islamic State of Iraq and Syria and Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham) (Arabic: الدولة الاسلامية في العراق والشام‎ al-Dawlah al-Islāmīyah fī al-ʻIrāq wa-al-Shām), abbreviated ISIL, ISIS, or from its Arabic acronym as DĀʻiSh or DAISH (Arabic: داعش‎ Dāʻish), is an unrecognized state and active jihadist militant group in Iraq and Syria. In its self-proclaimed status as a sovereign state, it claims the territory of Iraq and Syria, with implied future claims over more of the Levant region, including Jordan, Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, a part of southern Turkey—including Hatay, part of the former Aleppo Vilayet of Ottoman Syria—and Cyprus.[36][37] The group in its original form was composed of and supported by a variety of insurgent groups, including its predecessor organizations, the Mujahideen Shura Council, the Islamic State of Iraq (ISI) and Al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI), the insurgent groups Jaysh al-Fatiheen, Jund al-Sahaba, Katbiyan Ansar Al-Tawhid wal Sunnah and Jeish al-Taiifa al-Mansoura, and a number of Iraqi tribes that profess Sunni Islam. ISIS has witnessed significant growth as an organization owing to its participation in the Syrian Civil War and the strength of its supreme leader, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. The economic and political discrimination mounted against Iraqi Sunnis since the fall of Saddam Hussain has also helped it to gain support. At the height of the Iraq War, its forerunners enjoyed a significant presence in the Iraqi governorates of Al Anbar, Ninawa, Kirkuk, most of Salah ad Din, parts of Babil, Diyala and Baghdad, and claimed Baqubah as a capital city.[38][39][40][41] In the ongoing Syrian Civil War, ISIS has a large presence in the Syrian governorates of Ar-Raqqa, Idlib and Aleppo.[42][43] ISIS is known for its harsh interpretation of Islam[44] and brutal violence,[45] which is directed particularly against Shia Muslims. It has at least 4,000 fighters in its ranks[46] who, in addition to attacks on government and military targets, have claimed responsibility for attacks that have killed thousands of civilians.[47] ISIS had close links with al-Qaeda until 2014, but in February of that year, after an eight-month power struggle, al-Qaeda cut all ties with the group, reportedly for its "notorious intractability" and wanton brutality.[48][49][49] ISIS's original aim was to establish a caliphate in the Sunni-majority regions of Iraq. Following its involvement in the Syrian Civil War this expanded to include controlling Sunni-majority areas of Syria (see spillover from the Syrian War).[50] A caliphate was eventually proclaimed in June 2014, with Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi being named as its caliph, and the group was renamed the Islamic State.[1] Contents 1 Name and name changes 2 Territorial claims 3 Analysis 4 Finances 5 Equipment 6 History 6.1 As Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad 6.1.1 Origins 6.1.2 Goals and tactics 6.1.3 Activities 6.2 As Tanzim Qaidat al-Jihad fi Bilad al-Rafidayn 6.2.1 Goals and umbrella organizations 6.3 As Islamic State of Iraq 6.3.1 Strength and activity 6.3.2 Rise and decline of Al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI) 6.3.3 Resisting established sectarian violence 6.3.4 Operations outside Iraq and other activities 6.3.5 Conflicts with other groups 6.3.6 Transformation and attempted resurgency 6.4 As Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant 6.4.1 Declaration and dispute with Al-Nusra Front 6.4.2 Conflicts with other groups 6.5 As Islamic State 7 Timeline of events 7.1 2003--2006 events 7.2 2007 events 7.3 2009--2012 events 7.3.1 Egyptian revolution of 2011 7.4 2013 events 7.5 2014 events 8 Notable members 9 See also 10 Notes 11 References 12 Bibliography 13 External links Name and name changes The group has used several different names since its formation in early 2004 as Jamāʻat al-Tawḥīd wa-al-Jihād, "The Organization of Monotheism and Jihad" (JTJ).

• published: 30 Jun 2014
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