Cynthia Carroll (b. November 13, 1956) is an American businessperson. She is the chief executive officer of Anglo American PLC, a London, UK mining company, which, among other things, is the world's largest platinum producer.

On October 24, 2006, Carroll was hired by Anglo American, and joined the board in January 2007, becoming chief executive at the beginning of March 2007. She chairs Anglo American’s Executive Committee and sits on the Safety and Sustainable Development Committee. She is one of only three female Chief Executives of FTSE 100 companies and the first non-South African to hold the post with Anglo American.

In 2008, she was ranked by the magazine Forbes as the fifth most powerful woman in the world. She was ranked fourth by the same list in 2009.

Her annual salary at Anglo American is £1,050,000 with an annual bonus of £319,000.

Carroll previously worked with the Montreal, Canada headquartered Alcan, as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Primary Metal Group since 2002. She joined Alcan in 1989. In January 1996, she was promoted to managing director of the Aughinish Alumina division, located on Aughinish Island, Askeaton, County, Limerick, Ireland. Before joining Alcan, she worked for Amoco, which is now part of British Petroleum, for eight years as a petroleum geologist, from 1982 to 1987, working in gas and oil exploration in Colorado, Alaska, Wyoming, Utah, and Montana.