Over recent weeks, groups of teenagers from the Ardoyne & Bone areas have been gathering wood and dumping it at the old Jamaica Inn/Egg Factory site in the district. The site has been derelict for the past year or so and is in the process for a new housing development.
Prior to the Seventies, Bonfires in Nationalist districts of Belfast every August were a regular feature to celebrate the birthday of the Mother of Jesus and Catholic areas at the time each had their own bonfire. I believe these bonfires were in direct response to the Unionist ones' that were burned on the eve of the Twelfth commemorating the 'Battle of the Boyne' in 1690.
After Stormont introduced Internment Without Trial in August, 1971. Nationalist Bonfires were used to demonstrate opposition to that traumatic period in our history, when hundreds of men were trailed from their homes across Belfast by thousands of British Troops, beaten, interrogated and imprisoned. In Ardoyne, hundreds of families were forced to flee their homes after Loyalist Mobs attacked them and destroyed a number of streets. Two local residents were also murdered that particular day by British Soldiers, Sarah Worthington in Velsheda and Paddy McAdorey in Jamaica Street. Mrs. Worthington, a Protestant was shot and killed in her own home. While Paddy Mac, an IRA Volunteer was shot dead engaging British and Unionist Snipers firing into the area. Therefore, Internment plays a large role in the collective memory of the Ardoyne community.
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Internment Day, Ardoyne, 1971 |
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Volunteer. Paddy McAdorey IRA |
As the British Government's Internment policy continued throughout the early Seventies, many more local people found themselves behind bars. Regular protests and marches were held across the North, on one infamous rally, fourteen unarmed Civilians were gunned-down by the British in Derry City in what became known as, Bloody Sunday. Springhill and Ballymurphy in West Belfast were also targeted by the same murderers. When eleven residents were cut down in cold blood. These incidents and many more radicalised the majority of Nationalists. Not only against Internment but also the British Occupation of the Six Counties. Internment officially ended in December, 1975 and my Dad who had been interned twice on separate occasions in Long Kesh, was the final Internee to be released.
During the Eighties, the anniversary of Internment continued to be marked with bonfires. However, every year serious riots erupted with increased suffering for those communities including Ardoyne. Sadly, the British Crown Forces swamped Working-Class Belfast and proceeded to create havoc, arresting scores of young people and firing lethal Plastic Bullets indiscriminately. Many of those killed and injured were not even involved in riots and as the facts demonstrate, young children were deliberately targeted by the British Army and RUC.
In spite of Internment 'officially' ending in 1975, thousands of Political Prisoners remained inside at the behest of the British Penal System. The vast majority of POWs', were forced to wait without bail behind bars for up to two and three years before a trial in a Diplock Non-Jury Court, before charges were dropped. In other words, 'Internment By Remand'. As with Internment, the vast majority of Political Prisoners in the North came from Nationalist Communities and most seasoned Civil Rights Observers viewed this policy as 'Collective Punishment'!
Towards the end of the Eighties, Nationalist Community and Republicans began organising alternatives to Bonfires through annual Festivals or Fleadhanna in a number of Belfast districts. This was greeted passionately by residents, particularly young children and parents. Given the years of Bonfires and associated violence, the Fleadh became a relief to everyone. The Fleadhanna were also a positive manner in which one could commemorate Internment by holding Plays, Murals and Exhibitions etc.
Despite plans in the offering for a Fleadh in Ardoyne was erected in Cranbrook Court in 1989 and became a magnet for young people. On August 8th, a riot ensued in the street with intense fighting and the mass shooting of Plastic Bullets at youths and residents. The Provisional IRA were also at the scene and responded in kind. Later the same night in the New Lodge area, another bonfire attracted hundreds of people including, Seamus Duffy (15) from the Bone. As ever, rioting broke out between British Troops stationed in nearby Girdwood Camp and the RUC in Mobile Patrols. Young Seamus was struck by a Plastic Bullet fired by the RUC as he ran away from the armoured vehicles and tragically died soon afterwards.
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RUC Members Armed with Plastic Bullet Guns |
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Seamus Duffy (15), Murdered by the RUC |
The killing of Seamus Duffy, riots and Bonfires reinforced the belief amongst many with Nationalist Belfast that a real alternative was needed. There could not be a repeat of 1989. Since then, the vast majority of Nationalist Bonfires have disappeared and residents embraced Fleadhanna across the city. The sounds of rioting, shootings and bombings was replaced with music, laughter and happiness in the narrow streets of North and West Belfast. The British Crown Forces no longer had an excuse to swamp Nationalist & Republican communities in hostile fashion and trigger-happy!
Sadly this summer, groups of youths from in and around Ardoyne have been collecting wood for a Bonfire. Local Youth Workers, Sporting Figures and Political Parties and Groups represented in the Community have engaged with these young lads and asked them not to have a bonfire in Ardoyne! A number of Public Meetings have also been held in which scores of residents have expressed their disapproval at plans to erect a Bonfire.
The Republican Network for Unity (RNU) have been one of many Parties who have met the young people involved and told them of our objections and reasons behind them. We have also explained our involvement in the Anti-Internment League who last year organised and held a successful March in North & West Belfast to commemorate all the men & women Interned in the Seventies and to highlight ongoing abuses of Human Rights against Irish citizens by the British Occupiers. We have also informed them about plans for yet another Anti-Internment March for this August and the need for everyone including them to support events organised by the Committee that will be published soon. RNU like every other Republican Party and Group do not want a Bonfire and we will actively work to ensure that it doesn't happen.