SealMask watersport goggles made by AquaSphere

Goggles or safety glasses are forms of protective eyewear that usually enclose or protect the area surrounding the eye in order to prevent particulates, water or chemicals from striking the eyes. They are used in chemistry laboratories and in woodworking. They are often used in snow sports as well, and in swimming. Goggles are often worn when using power tools such as drills or chainsaws to prevent flying particles from damaging the eyes. Many types of goggles are available as prescription goggles for those with vision problems.

History[link]

The Eskimos carved Inuit snow goggles from caribou antler, and wood and shell, to help prevent snow blindness. The goggles were curved to fit the user's face and had a large groove cut in the back to allow for the nose. A long thin slit was cut through the goggles to allow in a small amount of light, diminishing subsequent ultraviolet rays. The goggles were held to the head by a cord made of caribou sinew.

In the early 20th century, goggles were worn by drivers of uncovered cars to prevent irritation of the eyes by dust or wind. ^[1] Likewise in the first ten years after the invention of the airplane in 1903 goggles became a necessity as wind blow became more severe as aircraft speeds increased and as protection against bugstrikes at high altitudes. The first pilot to wear goggles was probably Charles Manly in his failed attempt to fly Samuel Langley's aerodrome in 1903.

• 

  Traditional Inuit goggles used to combat snow blindness

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  Metal nenets goggles

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  Blowtorching goggles and safety helmet

• Swimming goggles.JPG

  Swimming goggles

Types[link]

The requirements for goggles varies depending on the use. Some examples:

• Cold weather: Most modern cold-weather goggles have two layers of lens to prevent the interior from becoming "foggy". With only a single lens, the interior water vapor condenses onto the lens because the lens is colder than the vapor, although anti-fog agents can be used. The reasoning behind dual layer lens is that the inner lens will be warm while the outer lens will be cold. As long as the temperature of the inner lens is close to that of the interior water vapor, the vapor should not condense. However, if water vapor gets between the layers of the lens, condensation can occur between the lenses and is almost impossible to get rid of; thus, properly constructed and maintained dual-layer lenses should be air-tight to prevent water vapor from getting in between the lenses.
• Swimming: Must be watertight to prevent water, such as salt water when swimming in the ocean, or chlorinated water when swimming in a pool, from irritating the eyes or blurring vision. Allows swimmers to see clearly underwater. They will not be usable more than a few feet underwater, because the water pressure will press them tightly against the face. Examples of these include the Swedish goggles.
• Power tools: Must be made of an unbreakable material that prevents chunks of metal, wood, plastic, concrete, and so on from hitting or piercing the eye. Usually has some sort of ventilation to prevent sweat from building up inside the goggles and fogging the surface.
• Blowtorch goggles: These protect the eyes from glare and flying sparks and hot metal splashes while using or near as blowtorch. They are not the correct filters for arc welding.
• Welding goggles: Includes all goggles for eye protection during welding or cutting. They provide protection against debris, the heat from welding, and, with the proper filters, the optical radiation resulting from the welding, which can otherwise cause arc eye.
• Motorcycle riding and other open-air activities: Prevents insects, dust, and so on from hitting the eyes.
• Laboratory and research: Combines impact resistance with side shields to prevent chemical splashes reaching the eyes. May also include laser protection which would be covered by EN 207 (Europe) and ANSI Z 136 (United States). Examples of these include red adaptation goggles.
• Racquetball: Protect the eyes from racquets swinging in an enclosed area and from impact from hard rubber ball.
• Winter sports: Protect the eyes from glare and from icy particles flying up from the ground. Double lens anti-fog ski goggles were invented and patented by Robert Earl "Bob" Smith.^[2][3][4]
• Astronomy and meteorology: dark adaptor goggles are used before going outside at night, in order to help the eyes adapt to the dark.
• Basketball: Several NBA players have worn goggles during play, including Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, James Worthy, Horace Grant, Kurt Rambis and Amar'e Stoudemire; they prevent a fellow player from scratching or hitting the eyes when trying to grab the basketball.
• Aviation: In open cockpit aircraft, such as old biplanes, aviators, such as Amelia Earhart and Charles Kingsford Smith, would wear goggles to help protect from the wind and are still in use today. Examples of these include the AN-6530 goggles.
• Virtual reality: A virtual reality headset, sometimes called "goggles", is a wrap-around visual interface to display computer output. Commonly the computer display information is presented as a three-dimensional representation of real-world environments.

Fashion[link]

Goggles are often worn as a fashion statement in certain subcultures, most often as part of the cybergoth subculture. They are usually worn over the eyes or up on the forehead to secure 'falls': a type of long, often brightly-coloured, synthetic hairpiece. Fans of the steampunk genre or subculture also frequently wear steampunk-styled goggles, particularly when performing in a live action role-playing game.

Goggles are also frequently used by anime and manga characters as a fashion statement. For example, it is an idiosyncrasy of team leader characters in the Digimon anime to wear goggles. Other notable characters who wear goggles are the young Naruto Uzumaki and Konohamaru from Naruto, Matt from Death Note and Usopp from One Piece.

Non-human[link]

Bullfighting horse wearing eye protection

A US Military working dog attached to a helicopter hoist in Afghanistan.

Goggles are available for horses used in speed sports such as horse racing.^[5] In some traditions of horse mounted bullfighting, the horse may wear a protective cloth over its eyes.

Goggles have been used on military working dogs, for protection in harsh conditions, such as sandstorms and rotorwash from helicopters. One of the brands of these types of goggles are Doggles.

See also[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Goggles

• Ballistic Eye Wear
• Beer goggles
• Google Goggles
• Night vision device
• Personal protective equipment
• Safety engineering
• Visor

References[link]

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (May 2009)

Neal McCoy
Neal McCoy with Military Police Security on his 2008 USO tour to the Middle East.
Background information
Birth name	Hubert Neal McGaughey, Jr.
Also known as	Neal McGoy
Born	(1958-07-30) July 30, 1958 (age 53)[1] Jacksonville, Texas, U.S.
Genres	Country
Occupations	Singer
Instruments	Vocals
Years active	1988–present
Labels	16th Avenue, Atlantic, Warner Bros., 903 Music
Associated acts	Barry Beckett, Janie Fricke, Charley Pride, Darryl Worley, Donny Parenteau
Website	www.nealmccoy.com

Hubert Neal McGaughey, Jr. (born July 30, 1958) is an American country music singer of mixed Irish and Filipino descent. Known professionally as Neal McCoy, he has released ten studio albums on various labels, and has released 34 singles to country radio. Although he first charted on Billboard Hot Country Songs in 1988, he did not reach Top 40 for the first time until 1992's "Where Forever Begins", which peaked at #40. McCoy broke through a year later with the back-to-back Number One hits "No Doubt About It" and "Wink" from his platinum-certified album No Doubt About It. Although he hasn't topped the country charts since, his commercial success continued into the late 1990s with two more platinum albums and a gold album, as well as six more Top Ten hits. A seventh Top Ten hit, the #10 "Billy's Got His Beer Goggles On", came in 2005 from his self-released That's Life, also his most recent studio album.

Early life[link]

He was born on July 30, 1958, in Jacksonville, Texas, to a Filipina American mother and Irish-American father. Inspired by the variety of music that his parents listened to, which included country, rock, disco and R&B, McGaughey first sang in his church choir before founding an R&B band.^[1] He later switched his focus to country music, performing in various bars and clubs in Texas. McGaughey, after attending junior college near his hometown, found work selling shoes at a shopping mall. In the early 1980s, he met his wife, Melinda, at the store.

After winning a 1981 talent contest hosted by Janie Fricke, he secured a spot as an opening act for Charley Pride.^[1] It was also at this point that he assumed the stage name Neal McGoy, a phonetic spelling of his last name.

Musical career[link]

Still crediting himself as Neal McGoy, he signed to the independent 16th Avenue Records label in 1988. He released the singles "That's How Much I Love You" and "That's American", and although the former reached #85 on the country charts,^[2] he did not release an album for the label. He continued to tour with Pride until 1990.

1990-2000: Atlantic Records[link]

He then signed to Atlantic Records in 1990, changing his surname to McCoy per the label's request, as fans had already begun to refer to him as McCoy. His debut album, At This Moment, was released that year, with its title track being a cover of the Billy Vera song. The lead-off single "If I Built You a Fire" was a Top 20 country hit in Canada, although none of the three singles (which also included the title track and "This Time I Hurt Her More Than She Loves Me") made Top 40 in the United States. McCoy continued touring and developed a "reputation for exciting, freewheeling live shows."^[1]

A second album for Atlantic, Where Forever Begins, followed in 1992. This album produced his first American Top 40 country hit in its #40-peaking title track,^[2] followed by "There Ain't Nothin' I Don't Like About You" at #57 and finally "Now I Pray for Rain" at #26. The album was also his first entry on Top Country Albums, at #58.

Working with Barry Beckett for the first time, McCoy released No Doubt About It in 1994. The album proved to be a breakout for him, producing two straight Number One country hits in its title track and "Wink", both of which also made minor entries on the Billboard Hot 100. The latter also held the Number One position for four weeks, longer than any other Number One country hit that year. The album also earned a platinum certification from the RIAA and gold certification from the CRIA. Although "Wink" was also his final Number One, "The City Put the Country Back in Me" reached #5.

Mid-Late 1990s[link]

1995 saw the release of his fourth studio album for Atlantic. Titled You Gotta Love That, this album continued his success,^[1] also earning a platinum certification and producing four singles: "For a Change", "They're Playin' Our Song" and the title track (respectively the first, second and fourth singles) all peaked at #3, while "If I Was a Drinkin' Man" reached #16.

McCoy's self-titled fifth studio album began a decline in his chart momentum. Although it was certified gold, Neal McCoy accounted for only one Top Ten hit in the #4 "Then You Can Tell Me Goodbye" (a cover of The Casinos' 1967 doo-wop hit), with its successors — "Going, Going, Gone" and "That Woman of Mine" — both stopping at #35. Also in 1996, he sang guest vocals on the multi-artist charity single "Hope." After "That Woman of Mine", he reached #5 with "The Shake", the only new song on his first Greatest Hits package, which reprised nine of his greatest hits to that point and also earned platinum certification.

Be Good at It, his sixth studio release, followed in 1998. This was his first album since Where Forever Begins not to include a Top Ten hit. The title track, "If You Can't Be Good, Be Good at It", was the highest-peaking single release from it at #22, followed by "Party On", which became his first single since 1992 to miss Top 40 entirely. After it came the #29 "Love Happens Like That." McCoy made a second appearance on a multi-artist charity single that same year, as one of several collaborators on "One Heart at a Time."

In 1999, McCoy released his final album for Atlantic, The Life of the Party.^[1] It only accounted for two singles: the Phil Vassar co-write "I Was" at #37 and "The Girls of Summer" at #42. He, Tracy Byrd and T. Graham Brown, also sang guest vocals on "Now That's Awesome," a musical track set to a Bill Engvall comedy sketch. This single peaked at #59.

2000-2004: Warner Bros. Records and SEA Records[link]

Due to the closure of Atlantic Records' Nashville division in mid-2000, McCoy's next album, 24-7-365, was issued via Warner Bros. Records. It included the singles Forever Works for Me, Every Man for Himself (penned by Mark Elliott) and Beatin' It In, at #38, #37 and #41 respectively. Two years later came the unreleased The Luckiest Man in the World, which accounted for its #46-peaking title track before McCoy exited his label. He signed with a short-lived independent label called SEA Records in 2004,^[3] but did not release anything for the label due to its closure.^[4]

2005-present[link]

In 2005, Neal McCoy founded a vanity label known as 903 Music along with his manager, Karen Kane. His first single for his own label was "Billy's Got His Beer Goggles On", which reached the Top 10 on the Hot Country Songs chart in 2005. The song served as the lead-off to his 2005 album That's Life. McCoy's next single release, "The Last of a Dying Breed", stopped at #36, and "Tail on the Tailgate" failed to chart at all.

Darryl Worley and the Drew Davis Band were eventually signed to 903 as well. Worley released his 2006 album Here and Now on 903 (which included the top 20 hit "I Just Came Back from a War"), while the Drew Davis Band did not release anything. In May 2007, McCoy announced that the label had filed for bankruptcy and closed its doors.^[5][6]

In 2008, Rhino Records issued a compilation album entitled The Very Best of Neal McCoy. This album reprised most of his biggest chart hits to that point, and it included the new recording "Rednecktified", which was released as a single but did not chart. Later that same year, he issued another single, "For the Troops", which also failed to chart.

In 2010 McCoy signed to the Oklahoma City based Tate Music Group and is currently in the studio working on new material.

In April 2011 McCoy signed with the Cleveland based record label Blaster Music.^[7] He released his twelfth album, XII, for the label on March 6, 2012. Blake Shelton and Miranda Lambert co-produced the album with Brent Rowan, and sang backing vocals on its lead-off single "A-OK".

Discography[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Neal McCoy

• Neal McCoy.com

"Choose the right" is a saying or motto among members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) that is taught to children and used by members of the church as a reminder to act righteously. The phrase is taken from an LDS hymn which has that title.

History[link]

The letters CTR, a reference to this phrase, are incorporated into a shield logo designed by Helen Alldredge,^[1] a Primary General Board member in the 1960s. In 1970, a church committee headed by Naomi W. Randall recommended that the shield be incorporated into official church material. Since then, both the phrase and symbol have been used in religious educational materials for LDS youth of Primary age.^[2] The symbol is also used in LDS culture by members of all ages, both as a reminder of the motto, as well as an indicator of religious affiliation. The CTR initials, displayed on the shield and in other forms, can be seen mainly on CTR rings as well as other types of jewelry, tee shirts, bookmarks and stationery.

According to the US Patent and Trademark Office, the LDS Church's stylized "CTR" abbreviation and shield with the CTR symbol are trademarked for use on finger ring jewelry by Intellectual Reserve.^[3][4] The phrase "Choose the Right," however, is not trademarked in the United States and may be used by anyone for commercial purposes.^{[citation needed]}

CTR ring[link]

A CTR ring, showing the escutcheon design

A ring with the letters "CTR" on is often worn by members of the LDS Church as a reminder of the "Choose the Right" motto, and as a symbol of their religious affiliation.

CTR rings were introduced at the same time as the CTR shield in 1970 by Primary general president LaVern W. Parmley after being recommended by a committee chaired by Naomi W. Randall.^[2] In connection with the children's Sunday School program, each LDS child in this age group is given an adjustable ring with a green escutcheon bearing the letters "CTR" in silver.

Over the years CTR rings have become popular with both children and adults in the LDS Church. They are now available in a variety of designs in over 30 languages.

See also[link]

• Joseph L. Townsend, author of the words for Choose the Right, hymn 239 in the 1985 LDS Hymnal
• Henry A. Tuckett, author of the music for Choose the Right, hymn 239 in the 1985 LDS Hymnal

• Christian ichthys symbol
• Purity ring
• What would Jesus do? (WWJD)

Notes[link]

References[link]

Phrase

• Monson, Thomas S. (November 1994), "Choose You This Day", Ensign, http://www.lds.org/ensign/2004/11/choose-you-this-day?lang=eng 
• Perry, L. Tom (November 1993), "Choose the Right", Ensign, http://www.lds.org/ensign/1993/11/choose-the-right?lang=eng 

Symbol and ring

• Anderson, Vern (May 31, 1997). "CTR ring grows into symbol of LDS culture". Deseret News. (AP). http://www.deseretnews.com/article/563527/CTR-ring-grows-into-symbol-of-LDS-culture.html. 
• Johnston, Jerry (February 10, 2001), "Putting T in CTR was right choice", Deseret News, http://www.deseretnews.com/article/824411/Putting-T-in-CTR-was-right-choice.html 
• McCloud, Susan Evans (July 14, 2010), "Fads, facts and fiction of CTR rings", Deseret News, http://www.deseretnews.com/article/705385084/Susan-Evans-McCloud-Fads-facts-and-fiction-of-CTR-rings.html 
• Ravitz, Jessica (November 4, 2006), "A familiar ring: Choose The Right rings adorn the fingers of kids the world over - but the history of the famous Mormon symbol is a little fuzzy", The Salt Lake Tribune, http://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=4596390&itype=NGPSID 
• "Creator of CTR ring dies at 91", Deseret News, July 10, 2008, http://www.deseretnews.com/article/700242122/-Creator-of-CTR-ring-dies-at-91.html 
• "Mormon children's rings big hit with all ages". Telegraph Herald. (AP): p. 10B. July 12, 1997. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=DZVSAAAAIBAJ&sjid=h80MAAAAIBAJ&pg=2774,2490226. 

External links[link]

Look up CTR in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• Media related to CTR rings at Wikimedia Commons
• "239: Choose the Right" - wording to hymn as found in the Hymns of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (1985)
• "CTR Ring Varieties" - a large variety of CTR Rings available from Deseret Book bookstores.