Biology is the study of life. All living things have a form and function, or anatomy and physiology. Animals' anatomy and physiology relate to the interaction with its' environment and it's energy use. Animals must exchange material with its environment, and this occurs as dissolved substances move from cell to cell. Exchange for nutrients, waste, and gases are dependent on the number of cells in the organism's body. We will now examine the levels of organization in an animal's body. Molecules make up different cells. Groups of cells form tissues, and different types of tissues are organized into functional units called organs. Organs that work together to serve a particular function are grouped into organ systems, and all organ systems together make up an organism. Remember that tissues are groups of cells with common structure and function. They are tightly packed and generally bound together by junctions, or areas where the membranes of two cells join together. There are four types of tissues. Epithelial, Connective, Nervous, and Muscle. Today we will be focusing on epithelial tissues. There are five different kinds of epithelial tissues. Cuboidal, Simple columnar, Pseudostratified columnar, Stratified squamous, and Simple squamous. Cuboidal epithelium are cube shaped cells specialized for secretion. They make up the epithelium of kidney tubules and many glands Simple columnar epithelium are large, brick shaped cells and are often found where secretion or active absorption is important, such as the lining of the intestines. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium consists of a single layer of cells that vary in height, giving it the appearance that it is multi-layered. In many vertebrates, a pseudostratified epithelium of ciliated cells forms a mu cous membrane that lines portions of the respiratory tract. The cilia help to sweep the film of mucous along the surface. Stratified squamous epithelium is multilayered and regenerates constantly. New cells form at the base and push the existing cells outward, which will eventually be sloughed off. This kind of epithelium is often found on surfaces that are subject to abrasion, such as skin and lining of the mouth. Simple squamous epithelium is a single layer of flat cells that function to exchange materials by diffusion. It is thin, so nutrients and gases can leak through. This kind of epithelium lines blood vessels and air sacs in the lungs. These epithelial tissues are very in important. In fact, they help make up almost every organ system in the body, including the respiratory system, urinary system, reproductive system, integumentary system, nervous system, circulatory system, endocrine system, lymphatic system, and digestive system. Some are basic and some Are very specialized, but these tissues help the body work in harmony, and each serve a very important function to an organism's body. Credits Photographs and Videos provided by: Birds of Paradise video by the Cornell Lab of Ornithology retrieved from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YTR21os8gTA Squirrel photo from: http://www.joshuapaul.net/2014/02/08/analogy-peanut/ Cell video taken by JuLITM retrieved from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BXSdRS1JSmQ Wolf photo from: https://howlingforjustice.wordpress.com/category/wolf-delisting-lawsuit/ Inner Life of a Cell by BioVisions at Harvard University retrieved from: http://multimedia.mcb.harvard.edu/media.html Structural Organization chart from: http://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/human-anatomy-semester-1-finals/deck/5159797 Epithelial Tissues video by Educomp retrieved from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NhW_i04kjSs Types of Tissues diagram from: http://apbrwww5.apsu.edu/thompsonj/Anatomy%20&%20Physiology/2010/2010%20Exam%20Reviews/Exam%201%20Review/CH04%20General%20Terms%20and%20Membranes.htm Wolf epithelial tissues diagram from: http://bio1152.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch40/epithelial.html Simple cuboidal microscope photo from: http://stevegallik.org/sites/histologyolm.stevegallik.org/htmlpages/HOLM_Chapter02_Page09.html All other microscope photos from: http://nh-chs-anatomy.pbworks.com/w/page/68986654/Epithelial%20Tissues%20McGonigal%20and%20Brungo Organ systems chart from: http://anatomyandphysiologyi.com/human-body-organ-systems-an-orientation/ Arms photo from: http://www.tlcschool.com/austin-massage-blog/short-upper-arms/ Animal eye photo from: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-mizejewski/animal-eyes-are-odd_b_800194.html Man and Tiger photo from: http://img.izismile.com/img/img5/20120314/640/animals_and_humans_being_too_cute_019Ff_640_12.jpg Information from: Campbell Biology 9th Edition (Pearson Education) by J. Reece, L. Urry, M. Cain, S. Wasserman, P. Minorsky, and R. Jackson; Published by Benjamin Cummings. Music: "Paradise Circus"

• published: 08 Apr 2014
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