It has been suggested that Interline spacing be merged into this article or section. (Discuss) Proposed since October 2010.

Text set solid vs. text set with added leading

In typography, leading ( /ˈlɛdɪŋ/) refers to the distance between the baselines of successive lines of type. The term originated in the days of hand-typesetting, when thin strips of lead were inserted into the formes to increase the vertical distance between lines of type. The term is still used in modern page layout software such as QuarkXPress and Adobe InDesign

In consumer-oriented word processing software, this concept is usually referred to as "line spacing" or "interline spacing."

Origins[link]

The word comes from lead strips that were put between set lines. When type was set by hand in printing presses, slugs or strips of lead (reglets) of appropriate thicknesses were inserted between lines of type to add vertical space, to fill available space on the page.

Text set "solid" (no leading) appears cramped, with ascenders almost touching descenders from the previous line. The lack of white space between lines makes it difficult for the eye to track from one line to the next, makes rivers more obvious, and hampers readability.

The following block of text has no leading:

Typography (Greek: typos "form", graphein "to write") is the art and technique of setting written subject matter in type using a combination of typeface styles, point sizes, line lengths, line leading, character spacing, and word spacing to produce typeset artwork in physical or digital form.

This block of text set with 50% leading is easier to read:

Typography (Greek: typos "form", graphein "to write") is the art and technique of setting written subject matter in type using a combination of typeface styles, point sizes, line lengths, line leading, character spacing, and word spacing to produce typeset artwork in physical or digital form.

This block of text at 100% leading is harder to read and makes less efficient use of vertical page space:

Typography (Greek: typos "form", graphein "to write") is the art and technique of setting written subject matter in type using a combination of typeface styles, point sizes, line lengths, line leading, character spacing, and word spacing to produce typeset artwork in physical or digital form.

In CSS, leading is implemented by creating a difference between the content height and the value of the line-height property. Half the leading is called the half-leading. User agents center glyphs vertically in an inline box, which adds half-leading on the top and bottom. For example, if a piece of text is '12px' high and the line-height value is '14px', 2pxs of extra space should be added: 1px above and 1px below the letters. (This applies to empty boxes as well, as if the empty box contained an infinitely narrow letter.)

Feathering[link]

The leading may be increased to align the bottom line of text on a page in a process known as feathering,^[1] carding, or vertical justification.

See also[link]

• Interline spacing

References[link]

• ^ Glossary of Typesetting Terms, R. Eckersley et al., University Of Chicago Press, 1995

v t e Typography terminology Page Column Canons of page construction Margin Page numbering Pagination Pull quote Recto and verso Paragraph Alignment Justification Leading River Sentence spacing Widows and orphans Character Typeface anatomy Counter Diacritics Dingbat Glyph Initial Kerning Letter-spacing Ligature Subscript and superscript Swash Text figures Capitalization Letter case Small caps CamelCase Petite caps All caps Vertical aspects Ascender Descender Baseline Cap height Median Overshoot x-height Classifications Roman type Antiqua (Old Style) Transitional Didone (Modern) Serif Slab serif Sans-serif Script Blackletter type Textualis Rotunda Schwabacher Fraktur Gaelic type Angular Uncial Punctuation Dashes Hanging punctuation Hyphenation Quotation mark Prime mark Typesetting Calligraphy ETAOIN SHRDLU Font Computer font Font catalog Letterpress Lorem ipsum Movable type Pangram Phototypesetting Punchcutting Type design Typeface Type foundry Microtypography Typographic units Point Pica Cicero Em En Figure space Thin space Paren space Agate Measure Digital typography Font formats Typesetting software Character encoding Rasterization Hinting

Rosabeth Moss Kanter (born March 15, 1943 in Cleveland, Ohio)^[1] is a tenured professor in business at Harvard Business School, where she holds the Ernest C. Arbuckle Professorship.^[2]

Personal life and education[link]

Kanter was born in Cleveland, Ohio, to Helen (Smolen) Moss, a schoolteacher, and Nelson Nathan Moss, a lawyer and small-business owner.^[3] She has a younger sister, Myra.^[4] Kanter described her childhood as "benign" and herself as ambitious, having written a novel and entered essay contests as early as 11 years old.^[4]

She graduated from Cleveland Heights High School in 1960 and then went on to study sociology and English literature at Bryn Mawr College, graduating magna cum laude in 1964.^[5] The following year she received an MA in sociology and, in 1967, a PhD from the University of Michigan.^[1] Her dissertation was on 19th-century utopian communes.^[6] Although Kanter later decided to pursue a career in business research,^[6] her training as a sociologist informed her thinking and subsequent work.^[7]

Kanter's first husband, Stuart A. Kanter, whom she had married in her junior year at Bryn Mawr,^[4] died in 1969.^[5] She married consultant Berry Stein in 1972. Together they have one son.^[5]

Work[link]

Before joining the Harvard Business School faculty, Kanter was assistant professor of sociology at Brandeis University from 1967 to 1973 and again from 1974 to 1977, visiting associate professor of administration at Harvard University, as well as professor of sociology at Yale University from 1977 to 1986.^[8] She served as editor of the Harvard Business Review from 1989 to 1992, the last academic to hold the job.^[9]

She has written numerous books on business management techniques, particularly change management. She also has a regular column in the Miami Herald. She is known for her classic 1977 study of tokenism—how being a minority in a group can affect one's performance due to enhanced visibility and performance pressure. Her study of Men and Women of the Corporation^[10] is a classic in critical management studies, bureaucracy analysis and gender studies.

She was an economic adviser to Michael Dukakis in his 1988 bid for presidency.^[8] Together they wrote a book entitled Creating the future: the Massachusetts comeback and its promise for America, an examination of the Massachusetts Miracle.^[8][11]

Kanter co-founded the consulting firm Goodmeasure Inc. and has served as its chair since 1980. Her consulting clients have included large companies such as IBM, Gap Inc., Monsanto, British Airways, and Volvo.^[12]

Recognition[link]

Kanter was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1975^[13] and the Harvard Business Review's McKinsey Award in 1979.^[14] Her book Men and Women of the Corporation won the 1977 C. Wright Mills Award for the year's outstanding book on social issues.^[15] In 2001, she received the Scholarly Contributions to Management Award by the Academy of Management^[16] and, one year later, the Intelligent Community Forum's Intelligent Community Visionary of the Year Award.^[17] She holds 23 honorary degrees from various colleges and universities.^[2] Her first honorary degree was awarded to her in 1978 by Yale University^[12] and her most recent, 23rd degree comes from Aalborg University in Denmark.^[18]

The Rosabeth Moss Kanter Award is given in recognition of the best piece of work-family research. The award was created by the Center for Families at Purdue University and the Center for Work and Family at Boston College in honor of Kanter.^[19][20]

She was the top-ranking woman—No. 11 overall—in a 2002 study of Top Business Intellectuals by citation in several sources.^[21] She was named one of the "50 most powerful women in Boston" by Boston Magazine^[22] and one of the "125 women who changed our world" over the past 125 years by Good Housekeeping magazine in May 2010.^[23]

Selected bibliography[link]

• Kanter, Rosabeth Moss (1972). Commitment and community: communes and utopias in sociological perspective. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-14576-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=HNkvPqXMbPwC. 
• Kanter, Rosabeth Moss (1984). The change masters: innovation and entrepreneurship in the American corporation. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-52800-3. http://books.google.com/books?id=apPuoLfQ2CgC. 
• Kanter, Rosabeth Moss; Stein, Barry A. (June 1986). A tale of "O": on being different in an organization. Harper & Row. ISBN 978-0-06-132064-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=TRDYAAAAMAAJ. 
• Kanter, Rosabeth Moss (4 August 2008). Men and Women of the Corporation. PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-0-7867-2384-3. 
• Kanter, Rosabeth Moss (1 October 2010). Supercorp: How Vanguard Companies Create Innovation, Profits, Growth, and Social Good. Profile Books. ISBN 978-1-84765-229-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=u5VsIlok780C. 
• Kanter, Rosabeth Moss (14 June 2011). "Innovation: the classic traps". Harvard Business Review on Inspiring and Executing Innovation. Harvard Business Press. pp. 149–181. ISBN 978-1-4221-6261-3. 

References[link]

External links[link]

• "Rosabeth Moss Kanter – The professor as business leader". Interview in the Ivey Business Journal, March/April 2006.

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This article may be unbalanced towards certain viewpoints. Please improve the article by adding information on neglected viewpoints, or discuss the issue on the talk page. (April 2012)

Susan Cain
Born	Early 1968[1]
Occupation	Writer, former lawyer and negotiations consultant[2]
Language	English
Nationality	U.S.
Education	J.D. (Juris Doctor)[3]
Alma mater	Princeton University,[4] Harvard Law School[5]
Genres	Success, Management, Education, Psychology, Self-Help, Interpersonal Relations
Notable work(s)	Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking (January 24, 2012)
www.thepowerofintroverts.com

Susan Cain is an American writer and lecturer.

Cain is author of the 2012 non-fiction book Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking, which argues that modern Western culture undervalues the traits and capabilities of introverted people.

Early careers[link]

Cain attended Princeton University^[4] and Harvard Law School.^[5] She worked first as an attorney, and then as a negotiations consultant.^[2] Cain's interest in writing about introversion reportedly stemmed from her own difficulties with public speaking, which made Harvard Law School "a trial."^[6]

Cain left her careers in corporate law and consulting, for a quieter life of writing at home with her family.^[6] She wrote that she looks back on her years as a Wall Street lawyer "as time spent in a foreign country."^[7]

[edit] Motivation for Quiet

When asked what she would be doing if she were not a writer, Cain explained that she would be a research psychologist, saying she is insatiably curious about human nature.^[8]

Cain explained that in writing Quiet, she was fueled by the passion and indignation that she imagined fueled the 1963 feminist book, The Feminine Mystique.^[8] Cain likened Introverts today to women at that time--second-class citizens with gigantic amounts of untapped talent.^[8] Saying that most introverts aren’t aware of how they are constantly spending their time in ways that they would prefer not to be and have been doing so all their lives, Cain explained that she was trying to give people entitlement in their own minds to be who they are.^[9]

Cain added that for her, Quiet was not just a book but a mission.^[8] Specifically, she said she was interested in working with parents and teachers of introverted kids and to re-shape workplace culture and design, and in particular replace what she terms "The New Groupthink" with an environment more conducive to deep thought and solo reflection.^[8]

An introvert's "Year of Speaking Dangerously"[link]

Cain speaking at the TED2012 conference ("not my natural milieu") with a prop suitcase,^[10][11] which was said to be a metaphor for the treasures, memories, activities and thoughts that make you you.^[12] Cain's own suitcase contained books.^[10][11]

The Chicago Tribune noted^[7] that Cain, a self-described introvert,^[13] grappled with her own introversion as a Wall Street attorney before writing Quiet.^[7] In contrast, Cain described the time of creating Quiet to be seven years of reading, researching, thinking—"total bliss."^[10][11]

Seven years in the making,^[2] Cain's book, Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking, was published January 24, 2012.^[14]

Cain's research was published in articles in the year leading up to the book's publication and in the ensuing months.^[15][16] In her talk^[11] at the February 2012 TED Conference, Cain confirmed her April 2011 prediction that ensuing year would be her Year of Speaking Dangerously--for which the self-described introvert declared she would be training, "as if preparing for a marathon," to be the best and bravest speaker she could be.^[16]

Cain later wrote that her year of preparation had unfolded in "three stages of accelerating dread."^[17] Cain joined Toastmasters, and as her TED talk approached she scheduled a two-hour crash course with TED’s speaking coach.^[17] But saying her butterflies had turned into "gut-wrenching knots," Cain worked for six full days with an acting coach immediately before the talk.^[17] Three months after the talk, Cain wrote that she had metamorphosed into what she termed an "impossibly oxymoronic creature: the Public Introvert."^[17]

The publication of Quiet was accompanied by publication of Cain's related writings. Psychology Today published her blog series from March through December 2011.^[15] Eleven days before the book's January 24, 2012 publication, The New York Times published her opinion piece "The Rise of the New Groupthink,"^[18] two days after the book's publication date Time published her article "Don’t Call Introverted Children ‘Shy,’"^[19] and O: The Oprah Magazine's February issue included Cain's self-improvement-oriented article "Secrets of a Super Successful Introvert: How to (Quietly) Get Your Way."^[20] In March, Cain's work was featured in The Guardian ("Why the world needs introverts")^[21] on CNN ("Introverts run the world -- quietly"),^[22] and in The Daily Mail ("Revenge of the Introverts").^[23] In April, The New York Times published her essay, "An Introvert Steps Out," a retrospective on her Year of Speaking Dangerously.^[17]

Within one week of its publication, Forbes' Jenna Goudreau noted that Quiet was featured by several major media outlets and was shared extensively across the Web, Goudreau observing that readers said they felt validated and seen for the first time.^[24] Days before Quiet reached #4 on The New York Times' Bestseller List,^[25] InformationWeek's Debra Donston-Miller had noted that the idea of introversion and extroversion is being widely discussed right now due in large part to a new book whose author "is making the media rounds."^[26]

Selected work[link]

• Cain, Susan, "The Rise of the New Groupthink" (WebCite archive), Opinion section of The New York Times, January 13, 2012; appearing in print January 15, 2012.

• Cain, Susan, "Don’t Call Introverted Children ‘Shy’ " (WebCite archive), Time Psychology section, January 26, 2012.

• Cain, Susan, "Quiet: The Power of Introverts / How to thrive in a world that can't stop talking" Psychology Today, (WebCite archives for first, second, and third pages of list having links to 73-entry blog series, dated from March 7 through December 23, 2011).

• Cain, Susan, "Introverts run the world -- quietly" (WebCite archive), CNN.com, March 18, 2012.

• Cain, Susan, "Revenge of the introverts: It's often assumed extroverts do best in life, but a new book reveals quite the opposite..." (WebCite archive), The Daily Mail, March 25, 2012.

• Cain, Susan, Essay: "An Introvert Steps Out" (WebCite archives of pages 1 and 2), "Sunday Book Review" section of The New York Times, published online April 27, 2012. Version appeared in print on page BR27 of the "Sunday Book Review" on April 29, 2012.

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Susan Cain

• ThePowerOfIntroverts website (WebCite archive)

• Cain's 'author' page on facebook

The Tallest Man on Earth
Background information
Birth name	Kristian Matsson
Born	(1983-04-30) 30 April 1983 (age 29)
Origin	Leksand, Dalarna, Sweden
Genres	Folk, Indie
Years active	2006 – present
Labels	Gravitation, Dead Oceans
Associated acts	Montezumas
Website	tallestmanonearth.com

Kristian Matsson (born April 30, 1983) is a singer-songwriter from Dalarna, Sweden. Since 2006, he has released three full-length albums and two EPs. He performs under the moniker The Tallest Man on Earth. He is known for recording and producing his own records in whichever home he is currently living and states that the connection between his voice and guitar is so strong, he rarely records them as separately tracked performances. ^[1]He is also known both by critics and his fans for his charismatic stage presence.^[2][3] Matsson is married to fellow Swedish singer-songwriter Amanda Bergman, who performs under the moniker Idiot Wind. The couple have toured extensively together, often performing songs together on stage. He has toured with Bon Iver.^[4] Matsson also fronted the band Montezumas.

Critics have compared The Tallest Man on Earth to Bob Dylan both in terms of songwriting ability and vocal style.^[5][6][7] When asked about his lyrical style, The Tallest Man on Earth explains that he began listening to Bob Dylan at fifteen, and upon hearing Dylan's cover material, he "tried to figure out where those songs came from" and became slowly exposed to early American folk, such as Pete Seeger and Woody Guthrie. But he is careful to qualify this, say "I don't consider my work to be a part of any tradition. This is how I play. This is how I write songs"^[8]

With regards to his guitar technique, Matsson uses a variety of open tunings, and to a lesser degree standard tuning. He had classical guitar training in his youth, but says he "never really focuses on it" and that by the end of high school he "got bored playing guitar because it was like math"^[9], until he then discovered open tunings while listening to Nick Drake in his early twenties. He was drawn to this style of playing because it allowed him to focus on singing while still performing intricate music. ^[10]

Discography[link]

Studio Albums[link]

• Shallow Grave (2008)
• The Wild Hunt (2010) UK chart peak: #180^[11]
• There's No Leaving Now (2012)^[12]

EPs[link]

• The Tallest Man on Earth (2006)
• Sometimes the Blues Is Just a Passing Bird (2010)

Singles[link]

• The Gardener
• The King of Spain; The Wild Hunt
• Pistol Dreams
• The Dreamer
• Weather of a Killing Kind
• 1904

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: The Tallest Man on Earth

• Official website
• Artist page for The Tallest Man on Earth at NPR Music.

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