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Michael I of Russia (Russian: Михаи́л Фёдорович Рома́нов, Mikhail Fyodorovich Romanov) (12 July 1596 – 12 July 1645) was the first Russian Tsar of the house of Romanov. He was the son of Feodor Nikitich Romanov (later known as Patriarch Filaret) and Xenia (later known as "the great nun" Martha). His reign marked the end of the Time of Troubles.
Michael's grandfather, Nikita, was brother to the earlier Tsarina Anastasia and a central adviser to Ivan the Terrible. As a young boy, Michael and his mother had been exiled to Beloozero in 1600. This was a result of the recently elected Tsar Boris Godunov, in 1598, falsely accusing his father, Feodor, of treason. This may have been partly because Feodor had married Ksenia Shestova against Boris' wishes. Michael was unanimously elected Tsar of Russia by a national assembly on 21 February 1613, but the delegates of the council did not discover the young Tsar and his mother at the Ipatiev Monastery near Kostroma until 24 March. He had been chosen after several other options had been removed, including royalty of Poland and Sweden. Michael was partly chosen for his connection by distant relation to the earlier Tsarina Anastasia, the wife of Ivan IV. Initially, Martha protested, believing and stating that her son was too young and tender for so difficult an office, and in such a troublesome time. The weeping boyars solemnly declared that if he persisted in his refusal, they would hold him responsible to God for the destruction of Russia. Michael eventually consented to accept the throne.
Michael's election and accession to the throne form the basis of the Ivan Susanin legend, which Russian composer Mikhail Glinka dramatized in his opera A Life for the Tsar.
In so dilapidated a condition was the capital at this time that Michael had to wait for several weeks at the Troitsa monastery, 75 miles (121 km) off, before decent accommodation could be provided for him at Moscow. He was crowned on 22 July 1613. The first task of the new tsar was to clear the land of the countries occupying it. Sweden and Poland were then dealt with respectively by the peace of Stolbovo (17 February 1617) and the Truce of Deulino (1 December 1618). The most important result of the Truce of Deulino was the return from exile of the tsar's father, who henceforth took over the government till his death in October 1633, Michael occupying quite a subordinate position.
Tsar Michael suffered from a progressing leg injury (a consequence of a horse accident early in his life), which resulted in his not being able to walk towards the end of his life. He was a gentle and pious prince who gave little trouble to anyone and effaced himself behind his counsellors. Sometimes they were relatively honest and capable men like his father; sometimes they were corrupted and bigoted, like the Saltykov relatives of his mother. He was married twice, first to Princess Maria Vladimirovna Dolgorukova in 1624, who died four months after the marriage the next year, and then in 1626 to Eudoxia Streshneva (1608–1645), who brought him 10 children. Michael's failure to wed his daughter Irene of Russia with Count Valdemar Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, a morganatic son of King Christian IV of Denmark, in consequence of the refusal of the latter to accept Orthodoxy, so deeply afflicted him as to contribute to bringing about his death on 12 July 1645.
Michael's governments
The two most important politically government offices (prikazes) were Posolsky Prikaz ("Foreign Office") and Razryadny Prikaz (a Duma chancellery and a personnel department for both central and provincial administration including military command). Those offices could be pivotal in struggles between Boyar factions, so they were traditionally headed not by Boyars but by dyak (professional clerks).
The Polish-Muscovite War (16051618) took place in the early-1600's as a sequence of military conflicts and eastward invasions carried out by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, or the private armies and mercenaries led by the magnates (the Commonwealth aristocracy), when the Russian Tsardom was torn into a series of civil wars, the time most commonly referred in the Russian history as the Time of Troubles, sparked by the Russian dynastic crisis and overall internal chaos. The sides and their goals changed several times during this conflict: the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was not formally at war with Russia until 1609, and various Russian factions fought among themselves, allied with the Commonwealth and other countries or fighting against them. Sweden also participated in the conflict during the course of the Ingrian War (16101617), sometimes allying itself with Russia, and other times fighting against it. The aims of the various factions changed frequently as well as the scale of the party's goals which ranged from minor border adjustment to imposing the Polish Kings or the Polish-backed impostors claim to the Russian throne and even the creation of a new state by forming a union between the Commonwealth and Russia.
The war can be divided into four stages. In the first stage, certain Commonwealth szlachta (nobility) encouraged by some Russian boyars (Russian aristocracy) — but without the official consent of the Polish king Sigismund III Vasa — attempted to exploit Russia's weakness and intervene in its civil war by supporting the impostors for the Tsardom, False Dmitriy I and later False Dmitriy II, against the crowned Tsars, Boris Godunov and Vasili Shuiski. The first wave of the Polish intervention began in 1605 and ended in 1606 with the death of False Dmitri I. The second wave started in 1607 and lasted until 1609, when Tsar Vasili made a military alliance with Sweden. In response to this alliance, the Polish King Sigismund III decided to intervene officially and to declare war upon Russia, aiming to weaken Sweden's ally and to gain territorial concessions.
After early Commonwealth victories (Battle of Klushino), which culminated in Polish forces entering Moscow in 1610, Sigismund's son, Prince Wladislaus, was briefly elected Tsar. However, soon afterwards, Sigismund decided to seize the Russian throne for himself. This alienated the pro-Polish supporters among the boyars, who could accept the moderate Wladislaus, but not the pro-Catholic and anti-Orthodox Sigismund. Subsequently, the pro-Polish Russian faction disappeared, and the war resumed in 1611, with the Poles being ousted from Moscow but capturing the important city of Smolensk (see Siege of Smolensk (160911)). However, due to internal troubles in both the Commonwealth and Russia, little military action occurred between 1612 and 1617, when Sigismund made one final and failed attempt to conquer Russia. The war finally ended in 1618 with the Truce of Deulino, which granted the Commonwealth certain territorial concessions, but not control over Russia which thus emerged from the war with its independence unscathed.
Polska wersja jezykowa :
http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wojna_polsko-rosyjska_1609-1618
- published: 21 Apr 2009
- views: 71028
Smolensk is a city and the administrative center of Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located on the Dnieper River, 360 kilometers west-southwest of Moscow. Population: 326,861 (2010 Census); 325,137 (2002 Census); 341,483 (1989 Census).
The walled city in the center of Smolensk was destroyed several times throughout its long history because it was on the invasion routes of both Napoleon and Hitler. Today, Smolensk is noted for electronics, textiles, food processing, and diamond faceting.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
- published: 08 Jan 2016
- views: 7
Bitwa pod Kircholmem (obecnie miejscowość Salaspils na Łotwie, 25 km na południowy wschód od Rygi) bitwa stoczona 27 września 1605 w czasie polsko-szwedzkiej wojny o Inflanty w latach 1600-1611. Przyczyną bitwy były zmagania o dominium Maris Baltici.
Było to jedno z najświetniejszych zwycięstw I Rzeczypospolitej. Blisko czterotysięczna polsko-litewska armia pod dowództwem hetmana polnego litewskiego Jana Karola Chodkiewicza (1040 piechoty, 2400 jazdy i 4 bądź 7 dział, w tym oddziały kozackie i tatarskie), głównie dzięki twórczemu użyciu przez wodza polskiego husarii jako siły przełamującej, rozgromiła ponad trzykrotnie liczniejszą armię szwedzką pod dowództwem Karola IX Sudermańskiego (8500 piechoty, 2500 jazdy i 11 dział oprócz Szwedów walczyli zaciężni żołnierze holenderscy, szkoccy i niemieccy).
Wojska Rzeczypospolitej straciły ok. 100 żołnierzy (200 zostało rannych), z czego tylko 13 husarzy i towarzyszy pancernych, oraz 150 koni. Niewielką liczbę zabitych tłumaczy się tym, że atak i w jego konsekwencji zwycięstwo nastąpiły bardzo szybko a jeźdźcy kryli się za końskimi karkami. Jednak strata koni oznaczała wyeliminowanie z walki na dłuższy czas praktycznie całej chorągwi jazdy, gdyż długo ćwiczone konie husarskie były trudne do zastąpienia.
Szwedzi stracili ok. 6-7,5 tys. żołnierzy (znaczna część padła w czasie ucieczki), czyli ponad połowę stanu osobowego armii, z czego wielu dowódców, m.in. gen. Andersa Lenartssona, Fryderyka, ks. Lüneburskiego. Sam Karol IX ocalał jedynie dzięki rajtarowi Henrykowi Wrede, który oddał swego konia monarsze, co przypłacił życiem. Ponadto Szwedzi zostali zmuszeni do odstąpienia od oblężenia Rygi.
The Battle of Kircholm (September 27, 1605, or September 17 in the Old Style calendar then in use in Protestant countries) was one of the major battles in the Polish-Swedish War of 1600-1611. The battle was decided in 20 minutes by the devastating charge of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth cavalry, the Winged Hussars. The battle ended in the decisive victory of Polish-Lithuanian forces, and is remembered as one of the greatest triumphs of Commonwealth cavalry.
Chodkiewicz, having smaller forces (approximately a 1:3 disadvantage), used a feint to lure the Swedes off their high position. The Swedes under Charles thought that the Lithuanians were retreating and therefore advanced, spreading out their formations to give chase. This is what Chodkiewicz was waiting for. The Commonwealth forces now gave fire with their infantry causing the Swedes some losses, at which point the Hussars quickly re-grouped their battle formations and charged at the Swedish lines.
The battle started with the Polish-Lithuanian cavalry charge on the Swedish left flank. At the same time approximately 300 Polish-Lithuanian Hussars charged the Swedish infantry in the centre to prevent them from interfering with the cavalry action on both their flanks. According to one contemporary source "Carolomachia" cavalry went on attack with the Lithuanian battlecry, "Mušk!"[citation needed] (approximate English translation would be "strike" or "beat"). After the Swedish cavalry was pushed back, Chodkiewicz ordered his left wing and all of his reserves to attack the opposing right Swedish flank. The Swedish reiters were beaten back on both wings and the infantry in the centre was attacked from three sides simultaneously. Quickly, with Swedish horsemen running back into their own infantry, the Swedes were in panic, and the whole army collapsed in flight. It was at this point that the Swedes suffered their heaviest casualties.
Polish-Lithuanian Hussar, by T. BendaThe fighting lasted barely 20 to 30 minutes, yet the Swedish defeat was utter and complete. The army of Charles IX had lost at least half, perhaps as much as two-thirds, its original strength. The Polish-Lithuanian losses numbered only about 100 dead and 200 wounded, although the Hussars, in particular, lost a large part of their trained battle horses.
[from: Wikipedia]
- published: 06 Jan 2009
- views: 153236
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6:32The Life And Death Of Michael I of Russia
The Life And Death Of Michael I of RussiaThe Life And Death Of Michael I of Russia
Michael I of Russia (Russian: Михаи́л Фёдорович Рома́нов, Mikhail Fyodorovich Romanov) (12 July 1596 – 12 July 1645) was the first Russian Tsar of the house of Romanov. He was the son of Feodor Nikitich Romanov (later known as Patriarch Filaret) and Xenia (later known as "the great nun" Martha). His reign marked the end of the Time of Troubles. Michael's grandfather, Nikita, was brother to the earlier Tsarina Anastasia and a central adviser to Ivan the Terrible. As a young boy, Michael and his mother had been exiled to Beloozero in 1600. This was a result of the recently elected Tsar Boris Godunov, in 1598, falsely accusing his father, Feodor, of treason. This may have been partly because Feodor had married Ksenia Shestova against Boris' wishes. Michael was unanimously elected Tsar of Russia by a national assembly on 21 February 1613, but the delegates of the council did not discover the young Tsar and his mother at the Ipatiev Monastery near Kostroma until 24 March. He had been chosen after several other options had been removed, including royalty of Poland and Sweden. Michael was partly chosen for his connection by distant relation to the earlier Tsarina Anastasia, the wife of Ivan IV. Initially, Martha protested, believing and stating that her son was too young and tender for so difficult an office, and in such a troublesome time. The weeping boyars solemnly declared that if he persisted in his refusal, they would hold him responsible to God for the destruction of Russia. Michael eventually consented to accept the throne. Michael's election and accession to the throne form the basis of the Ivan Susanin legend, which Russian composer Mikhail Glinka dramatized in his opera A Life for the Tsar. In so dilapidated a condition was the capital at this time that Michael had to wait for several weeks at the Troitsa monastery, 75 miles (121 km) off, before decent accommodation could be provided for him at Moscow. He was crowned on 22 July 1613. The first task of the new tsar was to clear the land of the countries occupying it. Sweden and Poland were then dealt with respectively by the peace of Stolbovo (17 February 1617) and the Truce of Deulino (1 December 1618). The most important result of the Truce of Deulino was the return from exile of the tsar's father, who henceforth took over the government till his death in October 1633, Michael occupying quite a subordinate position. Tsar Michael suffered from a progressing leg injury (a consequence of a horse accident early in his life), which resulted in his not being able to walk towards the end of his life. He was a gentle and pious prince who gave little trouble to anyone and effaced himself behind his counsellors. Sometimes they were relatively honest and capable men like his father; sometimes they were corrupted and bigoted, like the Saltykov relatives of his mother. He was married twice, first to Princess Maria Vladimirovna Dolgorukova in 1624, who died four months after the marriage the next year, and then in 1626 to Eudoxia Streshneva (1608–1645), who brought him 10 children. Michael's failure to wed his daughter Irene of Russia with Count Valdemar Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, a morganatic son of King Christian IV of Denmark, in consequence of the refusal of the latter to accept Orthodoxy, so deeply afflicted him as to contribute to bringing about his death on 12 July 1645. Michael's governments The two most important politically government offices (prikazes) were Posolsky Prikaz ("Foreign Office") and Razryadny Prikaz (a Duma chancellery and a personnel department for both central and provincial administration including military command). Those offices could be pivotal in struggles between Boyar factions, so they were traditionally headed not by Boyars but by dyak (professional clerks). -
2:07Polish Russian War
Polish Russian WarPolish Russian War
The Polish-Muscovite War (16051618) took place in the early-1600's as a sequence of military conflicts and eastward invasions carried out by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, or the private armies and mercenaries led by the magnates (the Commonwealth aristocracy), when the Russian Tsardom was torn into a series of civil wars, the time most commonly referred in the Russian history as the Time of Troubles, sparked by the Russian dynastic crisis and overall internal chaos. The sides and their goals changed several times during this conflict: the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was not formally at war with Russia until 1609, and various Russian factions fought among themselves, allied with the Commonwealth and other countries or fighting against them. Sweden also participated in the conflict during the course of the Ingrian War (16101617), sometimes allying itself with Russia, and other times fighting against it. The aims of the various factions changed frequently as well as the scale of the party's goals which ranged from minor border adjustment to imposing the Polish Kings or the Polish-backed impostors claim to the Russian throne and even the creation of a new state by forming a union between the Commonwealth and Russia. The war can be divided into four stages. In the first stage, certain Commonwealth szlachta (nobility) encouraged by some Russian boyars (Russian aristocracy) — but without the official consent of the Polish king Sigismund III Vasa — attempted to exploit Russia's weakness and intervene in its civil war by supporting the impostors for the Tsardom, False Dmitriy I and later False Dmitriy II, against the crowned Tsars, Boris Godunov and Vasili Shuiski. The first wave of the Polish intervention began in 1605 and ended in 1606 with the death of False Dmitri I. The second wave started in 1607 and lasted until 1609, when Tsar Vasili made a military alliance with Sweden. In response to this alliance, the Polish King Sigismund III decided to intervene officially and to declare war upon Russia, aiming to weaken Sweden's ally and to gain territorial concessions. After early Commonwealth victories (Battle of Klushino), which culminated in Polish forces entering Moscow in 1610, Sigismund's son, Prince Wladislaus, was briefly elected Tsar. However, soon afterwards, Sigismund decided to seize the Russian throne for himself. This alienated the pro-Polish supporters among the boyars, who could accept the moderate Wladislaus, but not the pro-Catholic and anti-Orthodox Sigismund. Subsequently, the pro-Polish Russian faction disappeared, and the war resumed in 1611, with the Poles being ousted from Moscow but capturing the important city of Smolensk (see Siege of Smolensk (160911)). However, due to internal troubles in both the Commonwealth and Russia, little military action occurred between 1612 and 1617, when Sigismund made one final and failed attempt to conquer Russia. The war finally ended in 1618 with the Truce of Deulino, which granted the Commonwealth certain territorial concessions, but not control over Russia which thus emerged from the war with its independence unscathed. Polska wersja jezykowa : http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wojna_polsko-rosyjska_1609-1618 -
23:48Smolensk
SmolenskSmolensk
Smolensk is a city and the administrative center of Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located on the Dnieper River, 360 kilometers west-southwest of Moscow. Population: 326,861 (2010 Census); 325,137 (2002 Census); 341,483 (1989 Census). The walled city in the center of Smolensk was destroyed several times throughout its long history because it was on the invasion routes of both Napoleon and Hitler. Today, Smolensk is noted for electronics, textiles, food processing, and diamond faceting. This video is targeted to blind users. Attribution: Article text available under CC-BY-SA Creative Commons image source in video -
3:00Battle of Kircholm - Bitwa pod Kircholmem
Battle of Kircholm - Bitwa pod KircholmemBattle of Kircholm - Bitwa pod Kircholmem
Bitwa pod Kircholmem (obecnie miejscowość Salaspils na Łotwie, 25 km na południowy wschód od Rygi) bitwa stoczona 27 września 1605 w czasie polsko-szwedzkiej wojny o Inflanty w latach 1600-1611. Przyczyną bitwy były zmagania o dominium Maris Baltici. Było to jedno z najświetniejszych zwycięstw I Rzeczypospolitej. Blisko czterotysięczna polsko-litewska armia pod dowództwem hetmana polnego litewskiego Jana Karola Chodkiewicza (1040 piechoty, 2400 jazdy i 4 bądź 7 dział, w tym oddziały kozackie i tatarskie), głównie dzięki twórczemu użyciu przez wodza polskiego husarii jako siły przełamującej, rozgromiła ponad trzykrotnie liczniejszą armię szwedzką pod dowództwem Karola IX Sudermańskiego (8500 piechoty, 2500 jazdy i 11 dział oprócz Szwedów walczyli zaciężni żołnierze holenderscy, szkoccy i niemieccy). Wojska Rzeczypospolitej straciły ok. 100 żołnierzy (200 zostało rannych), z czego tylko 13 husarzy i towarzyszy pancernych, oraz 150 koni. Niewielką liczbę zabitych tłumaczy się tym, że atak i w jego konsekwencji zwycięstwo nastąpiły bardzo szybko a jeźdźcy kryli się za końskimi karkami. Jednak strata koni oznaczała wyeliminowanie z walki na dłuższy czas praktycznie całej chorągwi jazdy, gdyż długo ćwiczone konie husarskie były trudne do zastąpienia. Szwedzi stracili ok. 6-7,5 tys. żołnierzy (znaczna część padła w czasie ucieczki), czyli ponad połowę stanu osobowego armii, z czego wielu dowódców, m.in. gen. Andersa Lenartssona, Fryderyka, ks. Lüneburskiego. Sam Karol IX ocalał jedynie dzięki rajtarowi Henrykowi Wrede, który oddał swego konia monarsze, co przypłacił życiem. Ponadto Szwedzi zostali zmuszeni do odstąpienia od oblężenia Rygi. The Battle of Kircholm (September 27, 1605, or September 17 in the Old Style calendar then in use in Protestant countries) was one of the major battles in the Polish-Swedish War of 1600-1611. The battle was decided in 20 minutes by the devastating charge of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth cavalry, the Winged Hussars. The battle ended in the decisive victory of Polish-Lithuanian forces, and is remembered as one of the greatest triumphs of Commonwealth cavalry. Chodkiewicz, having smaller forces (approximately a 1:3 disadvantage), used a feint to lure the Swedes off their high position. The Swedes under Charles thought that the Lithuanians were retreating and therefore advanced, spreading out their formations to give chase. This is what Chodkiewicz was waiting for. The Commonwealth forces now gave fire with their infantry causing the Swedes some losses, at which point the Hussars quickly re-grouped their battle formations and charged at the Swedish lines. The battle started with the Polish-Lithuanian cavalry charge on the Swedish left flank. At the same time approximately 300 Polish-Lithuanian Hussars charged the Swedish infantry in the centre to prevent them from interfering with the cavalry action on both their flanks. According to one contemporary source "Carolomachia" cavalry went on attack with the Lithuanian battlecry, "Mušk!"[citation needed] (approximate English translation would be "strike" or "beat"). After the Swedish cavalry was pushed back, Chodkiewicz ordered his left wing and all of his reserves to attack the opposing right Swedish flank. The Swedish reiters were beaten back on both wings and the infantry in the centre was attacked from three sides simultaneously. Quickly, with Swedish horsemen running back into their own infantry, the Swedes were in panic, and the whole army collapsed in flight. It was at this point that the Swedes suffered their heaviest casualties. Polish-Lithuanian Hussar, by T. BendaThe fighting lasted barely 20 to 30 minutes, yet the Swedish defeat was utter and complete. The army of Charles IX had lost at least half, perhaps as much as two-thirds, its original strength. The Polish-Lithuanian losses numbered only about 100 dead and 200 wounded, although the Hussars, in particular, lost a large part of their trained battle horses. [from: Wikipedia]
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The Life And Death Of Michael I of Russia
Michael I of Russia (Russian: Михаи́л Фёдорович Рома́нов, Mikhail Fyodorovich Romanov) (12 July 1596 – 12 July 1645) was the first Russian Tsar of the house of Romanov. He was the son of Feodor Nikitich Romanov (later known as Patriarch Filaret) and Xenia (later known as "the great nun" Martha). His reign marked the end of the Time of Troubles. Michael's grandfather, Nikita, was brother to the earlier Tsarina Anastasia and a central adviser to Ivan the Terrible. As a young boy, Michael and his mother had been exiled to Beloozero in 1600. This was a result of the recently elected Tsar Boris Godunov, in 1598, falsely accusing his father, Feodor, of treason. This may have been partly because Feodor had married Ksenia Shestova against Boris' wishes. Michael was unanimously elected Tsar of Rus... -
Polish Russian War
The Polish-Muscovite War (16051618) took place in the early-1600's as a sequence of military conflicts and eastward invasions carried out by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, or the private armies and mercenaries led by the magnates (the Commonwealth aristocracy), when the Russian Tsardom was torn into a series of civil wars, the time most commonly referred in the Russian history as the Time of Troubles, sparked by the Russian dynastic crisis and overall internal chaos. The sides and their goals changed several times during this conflict: the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was not formally at war with Russia until 1609, and various Russian factions fought among themselves, allied with the Commonwealth and other countries or fighting against them. Sweden also participated in the conflict ... -
Smolensk
Smolensk is a city and the administrative center of Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located on the Dnieper River, 360 kilometers west-southwest of Moscow. Population: 326,861 (2010 Census); 325,137 (2002 Census); 341,483 (1989 Census). The walled city in the center of Smolensk was destroyed several times throughout its long history because it was on the invasion routes of both Napoleon and Hitler. Today, Smolensk is noted for electronics, textiles, food processing, and diamond faceting. This video is targeted to blind users. Attribution: Article text available under CC-BY-SA Creative Commons image source in video -
Battle of Kircholm - Bitwa pod Kircholmem
Bitwa pod Kircholmem (obecnie miejscowość Salaspils na Łotwie, 25 km na południowy wschód od Rygi) bitwa stoczona 27 września 1605 w czasie polsko-szwedzkiej wojny o Inflanty w latach 1600-1611. Przyczyną bitwy były zmagania o dominium Maris Baltici. Było to jedno z najświetniejszych zwycięstw I Rzeczypospolitej. Blisko czterotysięczna polsko-litewska armia pod dowództwem hetmana polnego litewskiego Jana Karola Chodkiewicza (1040 piechoty, 2400 jazdy i 4 bądź 7 dział, w tym oddziały kozackie i tatarskie), głównie dzięki twórczemu użyciu przez wodza polskiego husarii jako siły przełamującej, rozgromiła ponad trzykrotnie liczniejszą armię szwedzką pod dowództwem Karola IX Sudermańskiego (8500 piechoty, 2500 jazdy i 11 dział oprócz Szwedów walczyli zaciężni żołnierze holenderscy, szkoccy ...
The Life And Death Of Michael I of Russia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:32
- Updated: 13 May 2015
- views: 40
Michael I of Russia (Russian: Михаи́л Фёдорович Рома́нов, Mikhail Fyodorovich Romanov) (12 July 1596 – 12 July 1645) was the first Russian Tsar of the house of ...
Michael I of Russia (Russian: Михаи́л Фёдорович Рома́нов, Mikhail Fyodorovich Romanov) (12 July 1596 – 12 July 1645) was the first Russian Tsar of the house of Romanov. He was the son of Feodor Nikitich Romanov (later known as Patriarch Filaret) and Xenia (later known as "the great nun" Martha). His reign marked the end of the Time of Troubles.
Michael's grandfather, Nikita, was brother to the earlier Tsarina Anastasia and a central adviser to Ivan the Terrible. As a young boy, Michael and his mother had been exiled to Beloozero in 1600. This was a result of the recently elected Tsar Boris Godunov, in 1598, falsely accusing his father, Feodor, of treason. This may have been partly because Feodor had married Ksenia Shestova against Boris' wishes. Michael was unanimously elected Tsar of Russia by a national assembly on 21 February 1613, but the delegates of the council did not discover the young Tsar and his mother at the Ipatiev Monastery near Kostroma until 24 March. He had been chosen after several other options had been removed, including royalty of Poland and Sweden. Michael was partly chosen for his connection by distant relation to the earlier Tsarina Anastasia, the wife of Ivan IV. Initially, Martha protested, believing and stating that her son was too young and tender for so difficult an office, and in such a troublesome time. The weeping boyars solemnly declared that if he persisted in his refusal, they would hold him responsible to God for the destruction of Russia. Michael eventually consented to accept the throne.
Michael's election and accession to the throne form the basis of the Ivan Susanin legend, which Russian composer Mikhail Glinka dramatized in his opera A Life for the Tsar.
In so dilapidated a condition was the capital at this time that Michael had to wait for several weeks at the Troitsa monastery, 75 miles (121 km) off, before decent accommodation could be provided for him at Moscow. He was crowned on 22 July 1613. The first task of the new tsar was to clear the land of the countries occupying it. Sweden and Poland were then dealt with respectively by the peace of Stolbovo (17 February 1617) and the Truce of Deulino (1 December 1618). The most important result of the Truce of Deulino was the return from exile of the tsar's father, who henceforth took over the government till his death in October 1633, Michael occupying quite a subordinate position.
Tsar Michael suffered from a progressing leg injury (a consequence of a horse accident early in his life), which resulted in his not being able to walk towards the end of his life. He was a gentle and pious prince who gave little trouble to anyone and effaced himself behind his counsellors. Sometimes they were relatively honest and capable men like his father; sometimes they were corrupted and bigoted, like the Saltykov relatives of his mother. He was married twice, first to Princess Maria Vladimirovna Dolgorukova in 1624, who died four months after the marriage the next year, and then in 1626 to Eudoxia Streshneva (1608–1645), who brought him 10 children. Michael's failure to wed his daughter Irene of Russia with Count Valdemar Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, a morganatic son of King Christian IV of Denmark, in consequence of the refusal of the latter to accept Orthodoxy, so deeply afflicted him as to contribute to bringing about his death on 12 July 1645.
Michael's governments
The two most important politically government offices (prikazes) were Posolsky Prikaz ("Foreign Office") and Razryadny Prikaz (a Duma chancellery and a personnel department for both central and provincial administration including military command). Those offices could be pivotal in struggles between Boyar factions, so they were traditionally headed not by Boyars but by dyak (professional clerks).
wn.com/The Life And Death Of Michael I Of Russia
Michael I of Russia (Russian: Михаи́л Фёдорович Рома́нов, Mikhail Fyodorovich Romanov) (12 July 1596 – 12 July 1645) was the first Russian Tsar of the house of Romanov. He was the son of Feodor Nikitich Romanov (later known as Patriarch Filaret) and Xenia (later known as "the great nun" Martha). His reign marked the end of the Time of Troubles.
Michael's grandfather, Nikita, was brother to the earlier Tsarina Anastasia and a central adviser to Ivan the Terrible. As a young boy, Michael and his mother had been exiled to Beloozero in 1600. This was a result of the recently elected Tsar Boris Godunov, in 1598, falsely accusing his father, Feodor, of treason. This may have been partly because Feodor had married Ksenia Shestova against Boris' wishes. Michael was unanimously elected Tsar of Russia by a national assembly on 21 February 1613, but the delegates of the council did not discover the young Tsar and his mother at the Ipatiev Monastery near Kostroma until 24 March. He had been chosen after several other options had been removed, including royalty of Poland and Sweden. Michael was partly chosen for his connection by distant relation to the earlier Tsarina Anastasia, the wife of Ivan IV. Initially, Martha protested, believing and stating that her son was too young and tender for so difficult an office, and in such a troublesome time. The weeping boyars solemnly declared that if he persisted in his refusal, they would hold him responsible to God for the destruction of Russia. Michael eventually consented to accept the throne.
Michael's election and accession to the throne form the basis of the Ivan Susanin legend, which Russian composer Mikhail Glinka dramatized in his opera A Life for the Tsar.
In so dilapidated a condition was the capital at this time that Michael had to wait for several weeks at the Troitsa monastery, 75 miles (121 km) off, before decent accommodation could be provided for him at Moscow. He was crowned on 22 July 1613. The first task of the new tsar was to clear the land of the countries occupying it. Sweden and Poland were then dealt with respectively by the peace of Stolbovo (17 February 1617) and the Truce of Deulino (1 December 1618). The most important result of the Truce of Deulino was the return from exile of the tsar's father, who henceforth took over the government till his death in October 1633, Michael occupying quite a subordinate position.
Tsar Michael suffered from a progressing leg injury (a consequence of a horse accident early in his life), which resulted in his not being able to walk towards the end of his life. He was a gentle and pious prince who gave little trouble to anyone and effaced himself behind his counsellors. Sometimes they were relatively honest and capable men like his father; sometimes they were corrupted and bigoted, like the Saltykov relatives of his mother. He was married twice, first to Princess Maria Vladimirovna Dolgorukova in 1624, who died four months after the marriage the next year, and then in 1626 to Eudoxia Streshneva (1608–1645), who brought him 10 children. Michael's failure to wed his daughter Irene of Russia with Count Valdemar Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, a morganatic son of King Christian IV of Denmark, in consequence of the refusal of the latter to accept Orthodoxy, so deeply afflicted him as to contribute to bringing about his death on 12 July 1645.
Michael's governments
The two most important politically government offices (prikazes) were Posolsky Prikaz ("Foreign Office") and Razryadny Prikaz (a Duma chancellery and a personnel department for both central and provincial administration including military command). Those offices could be pivotal in struggles between Boyar factions, so they were traditionally headed not by Boyars but by dyak (professional clerks).
- published: 13 May 2015
- views: 40
Polish Russian War
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:07
- Updated: 21 Apr 2009
- views: 71028
The Polish-Muscovite War (16051618) took place in the early-1600's as a sequence of military conflicts and eastward invasions carried out by the Polish-Lithuani...
The Polish-Muscovite War (16051618) took place in the early-1600's as a sequence of military conflicts and eastward invasions carried out by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, or the private armies and mercenaries led by the magnates (the Commonwealth aristocracy), when the Russian Tsardom was torn into a series of civil wars, the time most commonly referred in the Russian history as the Time of Troubles, sparked by the Russian dynastic crisis and overall internal chaos. The sides and their goals changed several times during this conflict: the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was not formally at war with Russia until 1609, and various Russian factions fought among themselves, allied with the Commonwealth and other countries or fighting against them. Sweden also participated in the conflict during the course of the Ingrian War (16101617), sometimes allying itself with Russia, and other times fighting against it. The aims of the various factions changed frequently as well as the scale of the party's goals which ranged from minor border adjustment to imposing the Polish Kings or the Polish-backed impostors claim to the Russian throne and even the creation of a new state by forming a union between the Commonwealth and Russia.
The war can be divided into four stages. In the first stage, certain Commonwealth szlachta (nobility) encouraged by some Russian boyars (Russian aristocracy) — but without the official consent of the Polish king Sigismund III Vasa — attempted to exploit Russia's weakness and intervene in its civil war by supporting the impostors for the Tsardom, False Dmitriy I and later False Dmitriy II, against the crowned Tsars, Boris Godunov and Vasili Shuiski. The first wave of the Polish intervention began in 1605 and ended in 1606 with the death of False Dmitri I. The second wave started in 1607 and lasted until 1609, when Tsar Vasili made a military alliance with Sweden. In response to this alliance, the Polish King Sigismund III decided to intervene officially and to declare war upon Russia, aiming to weaken Sweden's ally and to gain territorial concessions.
After early Commonwealth victories (Battle of Klushino), which culminated in Polish forces entering Moscow in 1610, Sigismund's son, Prince Wladislaus, was briefly elected Tsar. However, soon afterwards, Sigismund decided to seize the Russian throne for himself. This alienated the pro-Polish supporters among the boyars, who could accept the moderate Wladislaus, but not the pro-Catholic and anti-Orthodox Sigismund. Subsequently, the pro-Polish Russian faction disappeared, and the war resumed in 1611, with the Poles being ousted from Moscow but capturing the important city of Smolensk (see Siege of Smolensk (160911)). However, due to internal troubles in both the Commonwealth and Russia, little military action occurred between 1612 and 1617, when Sigismund made one final and failed attempt to conquer Russia. The war finally ended in 1618 with the Truce of Deulino, which granted the Commonwealth certain territorial concessions, but not control over Russia which thus emerged from the war with its independence unscathed.
Polska wersja jezykowa :
http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wojna_polsko-rosyjska_1609-1618
wn.com/Polish Russian War
The Polish-Muscovite War (16051618) took place in the early-1600's as a sequence of military conflicts and eastward invasions carried out by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, or the private armies and mercenaries led by the magnates (the Commonwealth aristocracy), when the Russian Tsardom was torn into a series of civil wars, the time most commonly referred in the Russian history as the Time of Troubles, sparked by the Russian dynastic crisis and overall internal chaos. The sides and their goals changed several times during this conflict: the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was not formally at war with Russia until 1609, and various Russian factions fought among themselves, allied with the Commonwealth and other countries or fighting against them. Sweden also participated in the conflict during the course of the Ingrian War (16101617), sometimes allying itself with Russia, and other times fighting against it. The aims of the various factions changed frequently as well as the scale of the party's goals which ranged from minor border adjustment to imposing the Polish Kings or the Polish-backed impostors claim to the Russian throne and even the creation of a new state by forming a union between the Commonwealth and Russia.
The war can be divided into four stages. In the first stage, certain Commonwealth szlachta (nobility) encouraged by some Russian boyars (Russian aristocracy) — but without the official consent of the Polish king Sigismund III Vasa — attempted to exploit Russia's weakness and intervene in its civil war by supporting the impostors for the Tsardom, False Dmitriy I and later False Dmitriy II, against the crowned Tsars, Boris Godunov and Vasili Shuiski. The first wave of the Polish intervention began in 1605 and ended in 1606 with the death of False Dmitri I. The second wave started in 1607 and lasted until 1609, when Tsar Vasili made a military alliance with Sweden. In response to this alliance, the Polish King Sigismund III decided to intervene officially and to declare war upon Russia, aiming to weaken Sweden's ally and to gain territorial concessions.
After early Commonwealth victories (Battle of Klushino), which culminated in Polish forces entering Moscow in 1610, Sigismund's son, Prince Wladislaus, was briefly elected Tsar. However, soon afterwards, Sigismund decided to seize the Russian throne for himself. This alienated the pro-Polish supporters among the boyars, who could accept the moderate Wladislaus, but not the pro-Catholic and anti-Orthodox Sigismund. Subsequently, the pro-Polish Russian faction disappeared, and the war resumed in 1611, with the Poles being ousted from Moscow but capturing the important city of Smolensk (see Siege of Smolensk (160911)). However, due to internal troubles in both the Commonwealth and Russia, little military action occurred between 1612 and 1617, when Sigismund made one final and failed attempt to conquer Russia. The war finally ended in 1618 with the Truce of Deulino, which granted the Commonwealth certain territorial concessions, but not control over Russia which thus emerged from the war with its independence unscathed.
Polska wersja jezykowa :
http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wojna_polsko-rosyjska_1609-1618
- published: 21 Apr 2009
- views: 71028
Smolensk
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 23:48
- Updated: 08 Jan 2016
- views: 7
Smolensk is a city and the administrative center of Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located on the Dnieper River, 360 kilometers west-southwest of Moscow. Population: ...
Smolensk is a city and the administrative center of Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located on the Dnieper River, 360 kilometers west-southwest of Moscow. Population: 326,861 (2010 Census); 325,137 (2002 Census); 341,483 (1989 Census).
The walled city in the center of Smolensk was destroyed several times throughout its long history because it was on the invasion routes of both Napoleon and Hitler. Today, Smolensk is noted for electronics, textiles, food processing, and diamond faceting.
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wn.com/Smolensk
Smolensk is a city and the administrative center of Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located on the Dnieper River, 360 kilometers west-southwest of Moscow. Population: 326,861 (2010 Census); 325,137 (2002 Census); 341,483 (1989 Census).
The walled city in the center of Smolensk was destroyed several times throughout its long history because it was on the invasion routes of both Napoleon and Hitler. Today, Smolensk is noted for electronics, textiles, food processing, and diamond faceting.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
- published: 08 Jan 2016
- views: 7
Battle of Kircholm - Bitwa pod Kircholmem
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:00
- Updated: 06 Jan 2009
- views: 153236
Bitwa pod Kircholmem (obecnie miejscowość Salaspils na Łotwie, 25 km na południowy wschód od Rygi) bitwa stoczona 27 września 1605 w czasie polsko-szwedzkiej wo...
Bitwa pod Kircholmem (obecnie miejscowość Salaspils na Łotwie, 25 km na południowy wschód od Rygi) bitwa stoczona 27 września 1605 w czasie polsko-szwedzkiej wojny o Inflanty w latach 1600-1611. Przyczyną bitwy były zmagania o dominium Maris Baltici.
Było to jedno z najświetniejszych zwycięstw I Rzeczypospolitej. Blisko czterotysięczna polsko-litewska armia pod dowództwem hetmana polnego litewskiego Jana Karola Chodkiewicza (1040 piechoty, 2400 jazdy i 4 bądź 7 dział, w tym oddziały kozackie i tatarskie), głównie dzięki twórczemu użyciu przez wodza polskiego husarii jako siły przełamującej, rozgromiła ponad trzykrotnie liczniejszą armię szwedzką pod dowództwem Karola IX Sudermańskiego (8500 piechoty, 2500 jazdy i 11 dział oprócz Szwedów walczyli zaciężni żołnierze holenderscy, szkoccy i niemieccy).
Wojska Rzeczypospolitej straciły ok. 100 żołnierzy (200 zostało rannych), z czego tylko 13 husarzy i towarzyszy pancernych, oraz 150 koni. Niewielką liczbę zabitych tłumaczy się tym, że atak i w jego konsekwencji zwycięstwo nastąpiły bardzo szybko a jeźdźcy kryli się za końskimi karkami. Jednak strata koni oznaczała wyeliminowanie z walki na dłuższy czas praktycznie całej chorągwi jazdy, gdyż długo ćwiczone konie husarskie były trudne do zastąpienia.
Szwedzi stracili ok. 6-7,5 tys. żołnierzy (znaczna część padła w czasie ucieczki), czyli ponad połowę stanu osobowego armii, z czego wielu dowódców, m.in. gen. Andersa Lenartssona, Fryderyka, ks. Lüneburskiego. Sam Karol IX ocalał jedynie dzięki rajtarowi Henrykowi Wrede, który oddał swego konia monarsze, co przypłacił życiem. Ponadto Szwedzi zostali zmuszeni do odstąpienia od oblężenia Rygi.
The Battle of Kircholm (September 27, 1605, or September 17 in the Old Style calendar then in use in Protestant countries) was one of the major battles in the Polish-Swedish War of 1600-1611. The battle was decided in 20 minutes by the devastating charge of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth cavalry, the Winged Hussars. The battle ended in the decisive victory of Polish-Lithuanian forces, and is remembered as one of the greatest triumphs of Commonwealth cavalry.
Chodkiewicz, having smaller forces (approximately a 1:3 disadvantage), used a feint to lure the Swedes off their high position. The Swedes under Charles thought that the Lithuanians were retreating and therefore advanced, spreading out their formations to give chase. This is what Chodkiewicz was waiting for. The Commonwealth forces now gave fire with their infantry causing the Swedes some losses, at which point the Hussars quickly re-grouped their battle formations and charged at the Swedish lines.
The battle started with the Polish-Lithuanian cavalry charge on the Swedish left flank. At the same time approximately 300 Polish-Lithuanian Hussars charged the Swedish infantry in the centre to prevent them from interfering with the cavalry action on both their flanks. According to one contemporary source "Carolomachia" cavalry went on attack with the Lithuanian battlecry, "Mušk!"[citation needed] (approximate English translation would be "strike" or "beat"). After the Swedish cavalry was pushed back, Chodkiewicz ordered his left wing and all of his reserves to attack the opposing right Swedish flank. The Swedish reiters were beaten back on both wings and the infantry in the centre was attacked from three sides simultaneously. Quickly, with Swedish horsemen running back into their own infantry, the Swedes were in panic, and the whole army collapsed in flight. It was at this point that the Swedes suffered their heaviest casualties.
Polish-Lithuanian Hussar, by T. BendaThe fighting lasted barely 20 to 30 minutes, yet the Swedish defeat was utter and complete. The army of Charles IX had lost at least half, perhaps as much as two-thirds, its original strength. The Polish-Lithuanian losses numbered only about 100 dead and 200 wounded, although the Hussars, in particular, lost a large part of their trained battle horses.
[from: Wikipedia]
wn.com/Battle Of Kircholm Bitwa Pod Kircholmem
Bitwa pod Kircholmem (obecnie miejscowość Salaspils na Łotwie, 25 km na południowy wschód od Rygi) bitwa stoczona 27 września 1605 w czasie polsko-szwedzkiej wojny o Inflanty w latach 1600-1611. Przyczyną bitwy były zmagania o dominium Maris Baltici.
Było to jedno z najświetniejszych zwycięstw I Rzeczypospolitej. Blisko czterotysięczna polsko-litewska armia pod dowództwem hetmana polnego litewskiego Jana Karola Chodkiewicza (1040 piechoty, 2400 jazdy i 4 bądź 7 dział, w tym oddziały kozackie i tatarskie), głównie dzięki twórczemu użyciu przez wodza polskiego husarii jako siły przełamującej, rozgromiła ponad trzykrotnie liczniejszą armię szwedzką pod dowództwem Karola IX Sudermańskiego (8500 piechoty, 2500 jazdy i 11 dział oprócz Szwedów walczyli zaciężni żołnierze holenderscy, szkoccy i niemieccy).
Wojska Rzeczypospolitej straciły ok. 100 żołnierzy (200 zostało rannych), z czego tylko 13 husarzy i towarzyszy pancernych, oraz 150 koni. Niewielką liczbę zabitych tłumaczy się tym, że atak i w jego konsekwencji zwycięstwo nastąpiły bardzo szybko a jeźdźcy kryli się za końskimi karkami. Jednak strata koni oznaczała wyeliminowanie z walki na dłuższy czas praktycznie całej chorągwi jazdy, gdyż długo ćwiczone konie husarskie były trudne do zastąpienia.
Szwedzi stracili ok. 6-7,5 tys. żołnierzy (znaczna część padła w czasie ucieczki), czyli ponad połowę stanu osobowego armii, z czego wielu dowódców, m.in. gen. Andersa Lenartssona, Fryderyka, ks. Lüneburskiego. Sam Karol IX ocalał jedynie dzięki rajtarowi Henrykowi Wrede, który oddał swego konia monarsze, co przypłacił życiem. Ponadto Szwedzi zostali zmuszeni do odstąpienia od oblężenia Rygi.
The Battle of Kircholm (September 27, 1605, or September 17 in the Old Style calendar then in use in Protestant countries) was one of the major battles in the Polish-Swedish War of 1600-1611. The battle was decided in 20 minutes by the devastating charge of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth cavalry, the Winged Hussars. The battle ended in the decisive victory of Polish-Lithuanian forces, and is remembered as one of the greatest triumphs of Commonwealth cavalry.
Chodkiewicz, having smaller forces (approximately a 1:3 disadvantage), used a feint to lure the Swedes off their high position. The Swedes under Charles thought that the Lithuanians were retreating and therefore advanced, spreading out their formations to give chase. This is what Chodkiewicz was waiting for. The Commonwealth forces now gave fire with their infantry causing the Swedes some losses, at which point the Hussars quickly re-grouped their battle formations and charged at the Swedish lines.
The battle started with the Polish-Lithuanian cavalry charge on the Swedish left flank. At the same time approximately 300 Polish-Lithuanian Hussars charged the Swedish infantry in the centre to prevent them from interfering with the cavalry action on both their flanks. According to one contemporary source "Carolomachia" cavalry went on attack with the Lithuanian battlecry, "Mušk!"[citation needed] (approximate English translation would be "strike" or "beat"). After the Swedish cavalry was pushed back, Chodkiewicz ordered his left wing and all of his reserves to attack the opposing right Swedish flank. The Swedish reiters were beaten back on both wings and the infantry in the centre was attacked from three sides simultaneously. Quickly, with Swedish horsemen running back into their own infantry, the Swedes were in panic, and the whole army collapsed in flight. It was at this point that the Swedes suffered their heaviest casualties.
Polish-Lithuanian Hussar, by T. BendaThe fighting lasted barely 20 to 30 minutes, yet the Swedish defeat was utter and complete. The army of Charles IX had lost at least half, perhaps as much as two-thirds, its original strength. The Polish-Lithuanian losses numbered only about 100 dead and 200 wounded, although the Hussars, in particular, lost a large part of their trained battle horses.
[from: Wikipedia]
- published: 06 Jan 2009
- views: 153236
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The Life And Death Of Michael I of Russia
Michael I of Russia (Russian: Михаи́л Фёдорович Рома́нов, Mikhail Fyodorovich Romanov) (12...
published: 13 May 2015
The Life And Death Of Michael I of Russia
The Life And Death Of Michael I of Russia
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Polish Russian War
The Polish-Muscovite War (16051618) took place in the early-1600's as a sequence of milita...
published: 21 Apr 2009
Polish Russian War
Polish Russian War
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Smolensk
Smolensk is a city and the administrative center of Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located on th...
published: 08 Jan 2016
Smolensk
Smolensk
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Battle of Kircholm - Bitwa pod Kircholmem
Bitwa pod Kircholmem (obecnie miejscowość Salaspils na Łotwie, 25 km na południowy wschód ...
published: 06 Jan 2009
Battle of Kircholm - Bitwa pod Kircholmem
Battle of Kircholm - Bitwa pod Kircholmem
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Polish Russian War...
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NSA whistleblower Snowden says U.S. government carrying out mass surveillance in Japan
Edit Topix 05 Jun 2016
Edward Snowden, a former U.S. National Security Agency contractor who leaked secrets about the country's spying operations, speaks about U.S. surveillance activities in Japan via a video conference from Russia during a symposium in Tokyo on Saturday. Edward Snowden, a fugitive and former U.S ... government ... ....
photo: AP / David Goldman
'World invited' to Muhammad Ali funeral
Edit The Oslo Times 05 Jun 2016
The funeral will be in Ali's home city of Louisville, Kentucky ... Ali will be buried at Cave Hill Cemetery in Louisville, the city of his birth in 1942. ....
photo: USAF / Tech. Sgt. Robert Cloys
Who is the enemy?
Edit Dawn 05 Jun 2016
The killing of the Afghan Taliban chief Mullah Akhtar Mansour in a US drone strike in Balochistan has triggered a complex debate about different issues including sovereignty, regional stability, peace in Afghanistan and the security of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, etc ... More complex strategic and geopolitical implications linked with the death of Mansour can be found and linked to Pakistan’s internal and external challenges....
photo: US DoS
Arctic could become ice-free for first time in more than 100,000 years, claims leading scientist
Edit The Independent 04 Jun 2016
The Arctic is on track to be free of sea ice this year or next for the first time in more than 100,000 ......
photo: Public Domain / walaa
Steel industry 'won't survive' if China gets trading status
Edit BBC News 05 Jun 2016
Ahead of the EU membership referendum, leave campaigners said this strengthened their case. But remain vote supporters said there was a better chance of protecting the industry at an EU level than a UK one.'Not met criteria' ... Thousands of Welsh steel jobs are at risk following Tata Steel's decision in March to sell its UK operations - including 4,100 at its Port Talbot site....
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Turkey's military says it has killed 27 Kurdish rebels
Edit The Miami Herald 05 Jun 2016
In a statement issued Sunday, it said air strikes carried out Friday killed 20 fighters of the Kurdish Worker's Party, or PKK, in Semdinli district....
Turkish troops, militants mass in Aleppo: Russian monitor
Edit Press TV 05 Jun 2016
A Russian ceasefire monitoring center in Syria says more than 2,000 militants have gathered in a northern neighborhood of the embattled city of Aleppo. In a statement, the center said Saturday that "militants from different terrorist organizations and groups of the so-called 'moderate opposition' are concentrated in the region of Sheikh Maqsood.”....
World Environment Day: BHU, DLW show the way
Edit The Times of India 05 Jun 2016
The lush green campus of Banaras Hindu University (BHU) and the clean and verdant Diesel Locomotive Works (DLW) premises present a pleasant picture in the city which has almost lost its green cover to urbanisation ... A plantation drive by faculty members and students of faculty of law will be carried out on the occasion of World Environment Day on Sunday ... In IETP, around 3,000 litres of oil and grease is segregated and sold off....
Loan defaulters cannot be let off easily
Edit Indian Express 05 Jun 2016
Amid 10 state-run lenders suffering losses of over Rs 15,000 crore in the March quarter, Finance Minister Arun Jaitley has promised greater capital support to banks while warning that defaulters cannot be allowed to “sleep well”, leaving all the worry to bankers ... FM Arun Jaitley to meet heads of PSU banks on June 6 Settle dues honourably or face coercive action ... Greater interest rate cuts in the offing, says Arun Jaitley....
Syrian troops reach Raqqa province with IS fighting on four fronts
Edit Belfast Telegraph 05 Jun 2016
Syrian troops reached the edge of the northern province of Raqqa on Saturday, home to the de facto capital of the Islamic State group's self-styled caliphate ... It said that during three days of fighting 26 IS fighters and nine troops and pro-government gunmen were killed ... The city has been the scene of fierce fighting, even during a truce brokered by the US and Russia that went into effect in late February and collapsed weeks later....
Syrian troops reach Raqqa province, Islamic State fighting on 4 fronts
Edit Denver Post 05 Jun 2016
BEIRUT — Syrian troops reached the edge of the northern province of Raqqa on Saturday, home to the de facto capital of the Islamic State group’s self-styled caliphate, in a push that leaves the extremists fighting fierce battles on four fronts in Syria and neighboring Iraq ... The front line is around 80 kilometers (50 miles) from the city of Raqqa ... The city has been the scene of fierce fighting, even during a truce brokered by the U.S....
The truth about forever
Edit Indian Express 05 Jun 2016
About 190 km away in Karmala, the village in Maharashtra’s Solapur district where this now-popular scene from Sairat was shot, a bunch of boys is busy acting out the exchange. Ganesh Kamble has placed himself a few steps below Bajrang Santosh Veer, who is playing the part of Archie. When he walks past Veer, their friends who are sitting at the edge of the well, capturing the exchange on their mobile phone, crack up....
Syria civil war: The message from Moscow
Edit Al Jazeera 04 Jun 2016
First, the al-Qaeda-linked al-Nusra front is to be blamed for violating and jeopardising the truce. “The Nusra terrorist group is active in Aleppo and Idlib today and it is the main obstacle for the further extension of the cessation of hostilities,” the defence ministry said, accusing the group of exploiting the truce to rearm and regroup....
Timeline fixed for NH projects in Odisha
Edit The Times of India 04 Jun 2016
Bhubaneswar, June 4 (IANS) The National Highway Authorities of India (NHAI) and the Odisha government on Saturday fixed a timeline for development of 1,912 km national highway running through the state. A meeting between a delegation of NHAI led by its chairman Raghav Chandra interacted with state government officials to resolve issues relating to several clearances and to expedite the work....
Complete work on 83 roads in a week
Edit Indian Express 04 Jun 2016
EVEN AFTER extending the deadline by 10 days, the BMC still has to achieve an unlikely target of completing work on 83 roads within seven days, before monsoon hits the city ... After the revised calculations, work on 135 roads, out of a total 376 which the BMC had intended to complete before the monsoon, has been postponed. Work on a total of 792 roads and at least 120 junctions will now be taken up only from October onwards....
US, Israel, Turkey, Saudi Arabia not the friends of Syrian nation: Pundit
Edit Press TV 04 Jun 2016
Press TV has interviewed Anthony Hall, professor of globalization at Lethbridge University in Toronto, about recent developments on the conflict in Syria ... There are thousands of voices trying to illuminate this truce but of course we are shut out of the mainstream media, the lying propaganda media that the majority of people get their news and information from it in United States and France and Great Britain....
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