Nokia Lumia 800 (codenamed 'Sea Ray') is a Windows Phone-OS powered smartphone, first unveiled on 26 October 2011 at the Nokia World 2011 event.^[4] It was Nokia's first mobile phone to run the Windows Phone OS and marked the company's shift of focus in favor of Windows Phone for its premium priced phones.

Lumia 800 shares its design with the previously released Meego-based Nokia N9. The outward differences are one added physical button dedicated to the camera on the right side of the phone, and a dual LED flash moved directly above the Carl Zeiss camera lens.^[5] Despite a similar exterior, the Lumia 800 has a different interior than N9. Lumia 800's chipset comes from Qualcomm, whereby N9 is based on a Texas Instruments chipset and CPU.^[6][7]

Like the N9, it has a convex curved Gorilla Glass AMOLED PenTile screen with a ClearBlack antiglare filter. The screen diagonal is 3.7 inches (800 x 480 pixels) compared with 3.9 inches (854 x 480 pixels) for N9, to conform with the Windows Phone specifications list, which includes three capacitive softkeys placed under the glass. A trough-colored unibody shell is made from polycarbonate plastic.^[1]

Nokia outsourced the production of its Qualcomm-based Lumia 800 to Compal Electronics. According to Nokia, this was due to time constraints and Compal's experience with the chipset. Future models, starting from Lumia 710, would be built in a Nokia factory, according to the same source.^[6] Devices for the European and Northern American markets are configured, tested and packed by Nokia's factory in Salo, Finland.^[8]

On January 9, 2012, Nokia Lumia 900 was announced as a parallel model with a gyroscope^[9], LTE support, a larger display, front-facing camera for video conferencing, and its main (back) camera improved for focus and color balance.^[10]

Software[link]

The Lumia 800 device comes with four Nokia-exclusive applications not included by the default Windows Phone OS: Nokia Drive, a free turn-by-turn navigation system; Nokia Maps;^[11] Nokia Music, a free streaming music service and music store; and App Highlights, a service suggesting software based on location and operator. In addition to these applications and services, Microsoft themselves have added Office 365, in which the user can edit documents, create spreadsheets, open PowerPoint presentations, and even make OneNote files. The files created can be stored on Microsoft's SkyDrive cloud service, on the phone itself, and other areas.^[12] The Lumia 800, despite the joint cooperation of Nokia and Microsoft, lacks some standard functionality presented by default on Mango, including Internet Sharing, which prevents the use of the device for tethering.

Nokia Collection[link]

In addition to factory-installed Nokia-exclusive Windows Phone applications, the Windows Phone Marketplace contains a Nokia Collection section.^[13] As of April 2012 it contains the following additional applications: Nokia Transport, a location-aware public transport schedule and navigation application; Creative Studio, a photo editing application; TuneIn Radio, a local and global radio streaming application; CNN, a news reader and video viewer for the Cable News Network; and WRC Live, an application to follow live timing and media from the FIA WRC series.^[14]

Diagnostic Tool[link]

Just like the Lumia 900, the 800 has the diagnostic tool.

It can be obtained by pressing ##634# on the dial keypad, which should initiate the download after the last # is pressed. The diagnostic tool should appear on the app list under Diagnostics.

On this diagnostic tool a user can run tests on the following: Accelerometer, ALS, audio loopback, camera, battery status, DTMF, gyroscope, hardware buttons, headset detection, LCD white, lights, life timer, magnetometer, power source, proximity, speaker, touch and vibration. It's also possible to perform all the tests in one run.

Note: This app does not harm the phone, it's just a hidden app Nokia forgot to mention in the owner's guide. The app can be uninstalled if a user chooses to do so.^[15][16]

Series Name[link]

The series name Lumia is the plural form of the word Lumi, which is Finnish, means 'snow'.

Release[link]

The Lumia 800 device was presented along with Lumia 710 by Nokia's CEO Stephen Elop at the Nokia World conference in London October 2011. In the presentation referred to their devices as 'the first real Windows Phones'.^[17]

The London launch was promoted with a massive sound and light show. Nokia and Canadian-based DJ deadmau5 illuminated the banks of the River Thames and the Millbank Tower with a state-of-the-art music and laser show. According to The Daily Telegraph, "The 118 metre building was turned into a canvas for a state-of-the-art light show during which the London skyscraper seemed to buckle and twist". ^[18][19]

Impact[link]

As of January 26, 2012, Nokia announced they had sold "well over 1 million Lumia devices to date", better than what was expected by analysts.^[20]

European carriers have stated that Nokia Lumia phones are not good enough to compete with Apple iPhone or Samsung Galaxy phones, that "they are overpriced for what is not an innovative product" and that "No one comes into the store and asks for a Windows phone".^[21]

Nokia Lumia 800 won the "Editor's Choice" award of 2011 from What Mobile magazine.^[22] Their review rated it 5/5, commending that "[t]he Lumia 800 is a massive step forward for Nokia and sits apart in an increasingly crowded market. Alongside Windows Phone Mango, there’s enough inside the Lumia 800 to worry rivals and make iPhone fans jealous."^[23]

Brian Klug of AnandTech in his review wrote: "The Lumia 800 is indubitably the best Windows Phone hardware out there right now," with notable features such as "[a] camera without compromises, hardware build quality that’s unique and solid, Nokia’s attention to detail..." With regard to the device's shortcomings, Klug mentioned "lack of USB or external storage, a still fledgling application ecosystem, and a few others."^[24] Regarding the camera, Brian Klug added: "Lumia 800’s camera comes out looking very good against the rest of the 8MP competition, and for me this is the first F/2.2 8 MP shooter I’ve come across. With less compression and better ISP, it could be even better than most."^[25]

In an Engadget review, Sharif Sakr wrote: "Nokia's Lumia 800 is a sophisticated and capable smartphone that melds its hardware beautifully with the Windows Phone OS." Sakr writes that while the phone lacked features like USB mass storage and expandable storage, the phone is welcome for those who want to be "part of a carefully crafted, simple and generally happy emerging ecosystem."^[2]

PC World reported that Nokia Lumia 800 has solid guts and shiny looks, and was an "interesting proposal", though they also said it had "nothing extraordinary to offer" when compared to the highest-end models of Samsung Galaxy Nexus, Motorola Droid RAZR, or the more expensive iPhone 4s in hardware and software.^[26]

Cnet UK noted that "overall, the Lumia 800 is a very good handset. The Windows Phone software is slick and fun to use, especially if you like to keep up-to-date with what friends are up to on social networking sites. It also looks attractive and the excellent build quality gives you the confidence that it's built to last."^[27] CNET UK made a camera comparison with current (as of early 2012) high-end phones iPhone 4S and Samsung Galaxy S II, and wrote that Lumia 800 "didn't offer the quality of camera we were hoping for."^[28] Regarding the camera, GSM Arena wrote, that "We were quite impressed by the job done by the 8 megapixel sensor and the bright F/2.2 lens. Images might not be the sharpest around and the noise levels are only average, but their colors and contrast are great, despite the sub-optimal lighting. Cameraphone lovers should definitely check this one out."^[29]

Ketaki Bhojnagarwala in The Hindu review wrote, "The Lumia 800 isn't perfect, but its one of the best products that Nokia has released in the market in recent months. I have no complaints about the hardware - Nokia gets it right every time. Windows Mango is a refreshing and vibrant operating system that's already got a big fan list,..."^[30]

In an opinion review by Matthew Baxter-Reynolds of The Guardian, after using Nokia Lumia 800 for a month and being a previous iPhone user, he argued that Lumia 800 is not up to an iPhone. In summary, he wrote: "I really wanted Windows Phone to work for me. This was £400 of my own money spent to try it. But it just doesn't work well enough to be the small-scale personal computer that I must have on me all the time."^[31]

Reported problems[link]

• On-screen keyboard is disappearing during typing. Nokia has addressed the problem with a software fix in the update 8107.^[32]

• Nokia Lumia 800 is claimed to have "sound quality problems" when using low impedance headphones like the supplied ones. Nokia has acknowledged the issue and is working on a fix.^[33]

• Battery life. In December 2011 Nokia confirmed that some Lumia 800 devices do not use the full capacity of their battery.^[34] They also state that "only a charger with an output of 1000mA will fully charge your Lumia 800 battery." During 19-20th January 2012, two updates were made available—battery related software update and another of Windows Phone 7.5 Mango build 8107.^[35] Nokia has stated that reported issues are fixed with the update and it triples the battery life.^[36][37]

• Problems with camera focus in certain conditions. Nokia has confirmed this and is working on a fix.^[38]

• Daily Mobile reports an issue with screen flickering.^[39]

Connectivity[link]

Like other Windows Phone devices, Lumia 800 uses Microsoft's Zune software on Windows PCs to synchronize user content. For Mac OS X, the device can be synchronized with Windows Phone 7 Connector software. WiFi sync is also available when the phone is charging and connected to the same network as the host PC. Lumia 800 includes the Windows Phone feature of 25GB free SkyDrive storage in Microsoft's cloud service.^[29]

See also[link]

• Windows Phone
• Nokia Lumia 610
• Nokia Lumia 710
• Nokia Lumia 900

References[link]

v t e Nokia mobile phones Nokia 1000 series 1011 1100/1101 1110/1110i 1112 1200 1208 1600 1610 1650 Nokia 2000 series 2110i 2115i 2310 2600 2600 classic 2610 2630 2650 2651 2680 slide 2690 2700 classic 2730 classic 2760 Nokia 3000 series 3100/3100b/3105 3110 3110 classic 3120 3120 classic 3155 3200/3200b/3205 3210 3220 3230 3250 3310 3315 3330 3410 3500 classic 3510/3590/3595 Nokia 3530 3510i 3600/3620/3650/3660 3600 slide 3720 classic Nokia 5000 series 5070 5100 5110 5130 XpressMusic 5200 5210 5220 5230 5233 5250 5300 5310 XpressMusic 5320 5330 Mobile TV Edition 5500 Sport 5510 5530 XpressMusic 5610 5630 5700 5730 5800 XpressMusic Nokia 6000 series 6010 6020/6021 6030 6070 6085 6100 6101 6103 6110/6120 6110 Navigator 6111 6120/6121/6124 classic 6131/6133 6136 6151 6170 6210 6210 Navigator 6220 classic 6230 6230i 6233/6234 6255i 6260 Slide 6265 6270 6275i 6280/6288 6290 6300 6300i 6301 6303 classic 6310i 6315i 6500 classic 6500 slide 6510 6555 6600 6600 fold 6600 slide 6610i 6620 6630 6650 6650 fold 6670 6680 6681/6682 6700 classic 6700 slide 6710 Navigator 6720 classic 6730 6760 Slide 6800 6810 6820 6822 Nokia 7000 series 7110 7160 7230 7250 7280 7360 7380 7390 7500 Prism 7510 Supernova 7600 7610 7650 7700 7710 7900 Prism 7900 Crystal Prism Nokia 8000 series 8110 8210 8250 8310 8600 Luna 8800 8810 8850 8910 Nokia 9000 series (Nokia Communicator) 9000/9110/9110i 9210/9290 9210i 9300/9300i 9500 Nokia 000 series 100 101 500 600 603 700 701 808 PureView Nokia Asha Asha 200/201 Asha 202/203 Asha 300 Asha 302 Asha 303 Nokia Cseries C1-01 C2-00 C2-02 C2-03 C2-05 C2-06 C3 C3-01 C5 C5-03 C6 C6-01 C7 Nokia Eseries E5-00 E50 E51 E52 E55 E6-00 E60 E61/E61i E62 E63 E65 E66 E7-00 E70 E71 E72 E73 E75 E90 Communicator Nokia Nseries N70 N71 N72 N73 N75 N76 N78 N79 N8 N80 Internet Edition N81 N81 8GB N82 N85 N86 8MP N9 N90 N91 N91 8GB N92 N93 N93i N95 N95 8GB N96 N97 Nokia Xseries X1-00 X1-01 X2 X2-02 X2-05 X3-00 X3-02 X5 X5-01 X6 X7-00 Nokia Lumia Lumia 610 Lumia 710 Lumia 800 Lumia 900 Nokia Internet Tablet 770 N800 N810 WiMAX Edition N900 N950 N9 N-Gage Classic QD QD Silver Edition Others Vertu luxury phones Concept Nokia Morph List of Nokia products Nokia phone series

Nokia Corporation

Type	Public company
Traded as	OMX: NOK1V, NYSE: NOK, FWB: NOA3
Industry	Communications equipment Internet Computer software
Founded	Tampere, Grand Duchy of Finland (1865) incorporated in Nokia (1871)
Founder(s)	Fredrik Idestam Leo Mechelin
Headquarters	Espoo, Finland
Area served	Worldwide
Key people	Risto Siilasmaa (Chairman) Stephen Elop (President & CEO)
Products	Mobile phones Smartphones Mobile computers Networks (See products listing)
Services	Maps and navigation, music, messaging and media Software solutions (See services listing)
Revenue	€38.65 billion (2011)[1]
Operating income	€-1.073 billion (2011)[1]
Net income	€-1.164 billion (2011)[1]
Total assets	€36.20 billion (2011)[1]
Total equity	€11.87 billion (2011)[1]
Employees	134,171 (2011)[1]
Divisions	Mobile Solutions Mobile Phones Markets
Subsidiaries	Nokia Siemens Networks Navteq Symbian Vertu Qt Development Frameworks
Website	Nokia.com

Nokia Corporation (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈnɔkiɑ]) (OMX: NOK1V, NYSE: NOK, FWB: NOA3) is a multinational communications corporation headquartered in Keilaniemi, Espoo, Finland.^[2] Its principal products are mobile electronic devices, primarily mobile telephones and other communications devices. It also offers Internet services such as applications, games, music, maps, media and messaging through its Ovi platform, and free-of-charge digital map information and navigation services through its wholly owned subsidiary Navteq.^[3] Nokia has a joint venture with Siemens, Nokia Siemens Networks, which provides telecommunications network equipment, solutions and services.^[4]

Nokia has 130,000 employees across 120 countries, sales in more than 150 countries and annual revenues of around €38 billion.^[1] As of 2012 it is the world's second-largest vendor of mobile phones by unit sales (after Samsung), with a global market share of 22.5% in the first quarter.^[5] Nokia is a public limited-liability company listed on the Helsinki, Frankfurt, and New York stock exchanges.^[6] It was the world's 143rd-largest company as measured by revenue in Fortune Global 500 list of 2011.^[7]

Nokia was the world's largest vendor of mobile phones from 1998 to 2012.^[5] However over the past five years it has suffered declining market share as a result of the growing use of smartphones, principally the Apple iPhone and devices running on Google's Android platform. As a result its share price has fallen from a high of US$40 in 2007 to under US$3 in 2012.^[8][9] Since February 2011 Nokia has had a strategic partnership with Microsoft, as part of which all Nokia smartphones will incorporate Microsoft's Windows Phone operating system. Nokia unveiled its first Windows Phone handsets, the Lumia 710 and 800, in October 2011.^[10]

History[link]

Pre-telecommunications era[link]

Fredrik Idestam, founder of Nokia.		Statesman Leo Mechelin, co-founder of Nokia.

The predecessors of the modern Nokia were the Nokia Company (Nokia Aktiebolag), Finnish Rubber Works Ltd (Suomen Gummitehdas Oy) and Finnish Cable Works Ltd (Suomen Kaapelitehdas Oy).^[11]

Nokia's history started in 1865 when mining engineer Fredrik Idestam established a groundwood pulp mill on the banks of the Tammerkoski rapids in the town of Tampere, in southwestern Finland in Russian Empire and started manufacturing paper.^[12] In 1868, Idestam built a second mill near the town of Nokia, fifteen kilometres (nine miles) west of Tampere by the Nokianvirta river, which had better resources for hydropower production.^[13] In 1871, Idestam, with the help of his close friend statesman Leo Mechelin, renamed and transformed his firm into a share company, thereby founding the Nokia Company, the name it is still known by today.^[13]

Toward the end of the 19th century, Mechelin's wishes to expand into the electricity business were at first thwarted by Idestam's opposition. However, Idestam's retirement from the management of the company in 1896 allowed Mechelin to become the company's chairman (from 1898 until 1914) and sell most shareholders on his plans, thus realizing his vision.^[13] In 1902, Nokia added electricity generation to its business activities.^[12]

Industrial conglomerate[link]

In 1898, Eduard Polón founded Finnish Rubber Works, manufacturer of galoshes and other rubber products, which later became Nokia's rubber business.^[11] At the beginning of the 20th century, Finnish Rubber Works established its factories near the town of Nokia and they began using Nokia as its product brand.^[14] In 1912, Arvid Wickström founded Finnish Cable Works, producer of telephone, telegraph and electrical cables and the foundation of Nokia's cable and electronics businesses.^[11] At the end of the 1910s, shortly after World War I, the Nokia Company was nearing bankruptcy.^[15] To ensure the continuation of electricity supply from Nokia's generators, Finnish Rubber Works acquired the business of the insolvent company.^[15] In 1922, Finnish Rubber Works acquired Finnish Cable Works.^[16] In 1937, Verner Weckman, a sport wrestler and Finland's first Olympic Gold medalist, became President of Finnish Cable Works, after 16 years as its Technical Director.^[17] After World War II, Finnish Cable Works supplied cables to the Soviet Union as part of Finland's war reparations. This gave the company a good foothold for later trade.^[17]

The three companies, which had been jointly owned since 1922, were merged to form a new industrial conglomerate, Nokia Corporation in 1967 and paved the way for Nokia's future as a global corporation.^[18] The new company was involved in many industries, producing at one time or another paper products, car and bicycle tires, footwear (including rubber boots), communications cables, televisions and other consumer electronics, personal computers, electricity generation machinery, robotics, capacitors, military communications and equipment (such as the SANLA M/90 device and the M61 gas mask for the Finnish Army), plastics, aluminium and chemicals.^[19] Each business unit had its own director who reported to the first Nokia Corporation President, Björn Westerlund. As the president of the Finnish Cable Works, he had been responsible for setting up the company's first electronics department in 1960, sowing the seeds of Nokia's future in telecommunications.^[20]

Eventually, the company decided to leave consumer electronics behind in the 1990s and focused solely on the fastest growing segments in telecommunications.^[21] Nokian Tyres, manufacturer of tires, split from Nokia Corporation to form its own company in 1988^[22] and two years later Nokian Footwear, manufacturer of rubber boots, was founded.^[14] During the rest of the 1990s, Nokia divested itself of all of its non-telecommunications businesses.^[21]

Telecommunications era[link]

The seeds of the current incarnation of Nokia were planted with the founding of the electronics section of the cable division in 1960 and the production of its first electronic device in 1962: a pulse analyzer designed for use in nuclear power plants.^[20] In the 1967 fusion, that section was separated into its own division, and began manufacturing telecommunications equipment. A key CEO and subsequent Chairman of the Board was vuorineuvos Björn "Nalle" Westerlund (1912–2009), who founded the electronics department and let it run at a loss for 15 years.

Networking equipment[link]

In the 1970s, Nokia became more involved in the telecommunications industry by developing the Nokia DX 200, a digital switch for telephone exchanges. The DX 200 became the workhorse of the network equipment division. Its modular and flexible architecture enabled it to be developed into various switching products.^[23] In 1984, development of a version of the exchange for the Nordic Mobile Telephony network was started.^[24]

For a while in the 1970s, Nokia's network equipment production was separated into Telefenno, a company jointly owned by the parent corporation and by a company owned by the Finnish state. In 1987, the state sold its shares to Nokia and in 1992 the name was changed to Nokia Telecommunications.

In the 1970s and 1980s, Nokia developed the Sanomalaitejärjestelmä ("Message device system"), a digital, portable and encrypted text-based communications device for the Finnish Defence Forces.^[25] The current main unit used by the Defence Forces is the Sanomalaite M/90 (SANLA M/90).^[26]

First mobile phones[link]

The Mobira Cityman 150, Nokia's NMT-900 mobile phone from 1989 (left), compared to the Nokia 1100 from 2003.^[27] The Mobira Cityman line was launched in 1987.^[28]

The technologies that preceded modern cellular mobile telephony systems were the various "0G" pre-cellular mobile radio telephony standards. Nokia had been producing commercial and some military mobile radio communications technology since the 1960s, although this part of the company was sold some time before the later company rationalization. Since 1964, Nokia had developed VHF radio simultaneously with Salora Oy. In 1966, Nokia and Salora started developing the ARP standard (which stands for Autoradiopuhelin, or car radio phone in English), a car-based mobile radio telephony system and the first commercially operated public mobile phone network in Finland. It went online in 1971 and offered 100% coverage in 1978.^[29]

In 1979, the merger of Nokia and Salora resulted in the establishment of Mobira Oy. Mobira began developing mobile phones for the NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephony) network standard, the first-generation, first fully automatic cellular phone system that went online in 1981.^[30] In 1982, Mobira introduced its first car phone, the Mobira Senator for NMT-450 networks.^[30]

Nokia bought Salora Oy in 1984 and now owning 100% of the company, changed the company's telecommunications branch name to Nokia-Mobira Oy. The Mobira Talkman, launched in 1984, was one of the world's first transportable phones. In 1987, Nokia introduced one of the world's first handheld phones, the Mobira Cityman 900 for NMT-900 networks (which, compared to NMT-450, offered a better signal, yet a shorter roam). While the Mobira Senator of 1982 had weighed 9.8 kg (22 lb) and the Talkman just under 5 kg (11 lb), the Mobira Cityman weighed only 800 g (28 oz) with the battery and had a price tag of 24,000 Finnish marks (approximately €4,560).^[28] Despite the high price, the first phones were almost snatched from the sales assistants' hands. Initially, the mobile phone was a "yuppie" product and a status symbol.^[19]

Nokia's mobile phones got a big publicity boost in 1987, when Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev was pictured using a Mobira Cityman to make a call from Helsinki to his communications minister in Moscow. This led to the phone's nickname of the "Gorba".^[28]

In 1988, Jorma Nieminen, resigning from the post of CEO of the mobile phone unit, along with two other employees from the unit, started a notable mobile phone company of their own, Benefon Oy (since renamed to GeoSentric).^[31] One year later, Nokia-Mobira Oy became Nokia Mobile Phones.

Involvement in GSM[link]

Nokia was one of the key developers of GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications),^[32] the second-generation mobile technology which could carry data as well as voice traffic. NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephony), the world's first mobile telephony standard that enabled international roaming, provided valuable experience for Nokia for its close participation in developing GSM, which was adopted in 1987 as the new European standard for digital mobile technology.^[33][34]

Nokia delivered its first GSM network to the Finnish operator Radiolinja in 1989.^[35] The world's first commercial GSM call was made on 1 July 1991 in Helsinki, Finland over a Nokia-supplied network, by then Prime Minister of Finland Harri Holkeri, using a prototype Nokia GSM phone.^[35] In 1992, the first GSM phone, the Nokia 1011, was launched.^[35][36] The model number refers to its launch date, 10 November.^[36] The Nokia 1011 did not yet employ Nokia's characteristic ringtone, the Nokia tune. It was introduced as a ringtone in 1994 with the Nokia 2100 series.^[37]

GSM's high-quality voice calls, easy international roaming and support for new services like text messaging (SMS) laid the foundations for a worldwide boom in mobile phone use.^[35] GSM came to dominate the world of mobile telephony in the 1990s, in mid-2008 accounting for about three billion mobile telephone subscribers in the world, with more than 700 mobile operators across 218 countries and territories. New connections are added at the rate of 15 per second, or 1.3 million per day.^[38]

Personal computers and IT equipment[link]

The Nokia Booklet 3G mini laptop.

In the 1980s, Nokia's computer division Nokia Data produced a series of personal computers called MikroMikko.^[39] MikroMikko was Nokia Data's attempt to enter the business computer market. The first model in the line, MikroMikko 1, was released on 29 September 1981,^[40] around the same time as the first IBM PC. However, the personal computer division was sold to the British ICL (International Computers Limited) in 1991, which later became part of Fujitsu.^[41] MikroMikko remained a trademark of ICL and later Fujitsu. Internationally the MikroMikko line was marketed by Fujitsu as the ErgoPro.

Fujitsu later transferred its personal computer operations to Fujitsu Siemens Computers, which shut down its only factory in Espoo, Finland (in the Kilo district, where computers had been produced since the 1960s) at the end of March 2000,^[42][43] thus ending large-scale PC manufacturing in the country. Nokia was also known for producing very high quality CRT and early TFT LCD displays for PC and larger systems application. The Nokia Display Products' branded business was sold to ViewSonic in 2000.^[44] In addition to personal computers and displays, Nokia used to manufacture DSL modems and digital set-top boxes.

Nokia re-entered the PC market in August 2009 with the introduction of the Nokia Booklet 3G mini laptop.^[45]

Challenges of growth[link]

The Nokia House, Nokia's head office located by the Gulf of Finland in Keilaniemi, Espoo, was constructed between 1995 and 1997. It is the workplace of more than 1,000 Nokia employees.^[19]

In the 1980s, during the era of its CEO Kari Kairamo, Nokia expanded into new fields, mostly by acquisitions. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the corporation ran into serious financial problems, a major reason being its heavy losses by the television manufacturing division and businesses that were just too diverse.^[46] These problems, and a suspected total burnout, probably contributed to Kairamo taking his own life in 1988. After Kairamo's death, Simo Vuorilehto became Nokia's Chairman and CEO. In 1990–1993, Finland underwent severe economic depression,^[47] which also struck Nokia. Under Vuorilehto's management, Nokia was severely overhauled. The company responded by streamlining its telecommunications divisions, and by divesting itself of the television and PC divisions.^[48]

Probably the most important strategic change in Nokia's history was made in 1992, however, when the new CEO Jorma Ollila made a crucial strategic decision to concentrate solely on telecommunications.^[21] Thus, during the rest of the 1990s, the rubber, cable and consumer electronics divisions were gradually sold as Nokia continued to divest itself of all of its non-telecommunications businesses.^[21]

As late as 1991, more than a quarter of Nokia's turnover still came from sales in Finland. However, after the strategic change of 1992, Nokia saw a huge increase in sales to North America, South America and Asia.^[49] The exploding worldwide popularity of mobile telephones, beyond even Nokia's most optimistic predictions, caused a logistics crisis in the mid-1990s.^[50] This prompted Nokia to overhaul its entire logistics operation.^[51] By 1998, Nokia's focus on telecommunications and its early investment in GSM technologies had made the company the world's largest mobile phone manufacturer,^[49] a position it would hold for the next 14 consecutive years until 2012. Between 1996 and 2001, Nokia's turnover increased almost fivefold from 6.5 billion euros to 31 billion euros.^[49] Logistics continues to be one of Nokia's major advantages over its rivals, along with greater economies of scale.^[52][53]

Recent history[link]

Product releases[link]

Reduction in size of Nokia mobile phones

Evolution of the Nokia Communicator. Models 9000, 9110, 9210, 9300 and 9500 shown.

Nokia launched its Nokia 1100 handset in 2003,^[27] with over 200 million units shipped, was the best-selling mobile phone of all time and the world's top-selling consumer electronics product.^[54] In May 2007, Nokia released its first touch screen phone, the Nokia 7710, which was also a huge success. In November 2007, Nokia announced and released the Nokia N82, its first Nseries phone with Xenon flash. At the Nokia World conference in December 2007, Nokia announced their "Comes With Music" program: Nokia device buyers are to receive a year of complimentary access to music downloads.^[55] The service became commercially available in the second half of 2008.

Nokia Productions was the first ever mobile filmmaking project directed by Spike Lee. Work began in April 2008, and the film premiered in October 2008.^[56]

In 2008, Nokia released the Nokia E71 which was marketed to directly compete with the other BlackBerry-type devices offering a full "qwerty" keyboard and cheaper prices. Nokia announced in August 2009 that they will be selling a high-end Windows-based mini laptop called the Nokia Booklet 3G.^[45] On 2 September 2009, Nokia launched two new music and social networking phones, the X6 and X3.^[57] The Nokia X6 features 32GB of on-board memory with a 3.2" finger touch interface and comes with a music playback time of 35 hours. The Nokia X3 is a first series 40 Ovi Store-enabled device. The X3 is a music device that comes with stereo speakers, built-in FM radio, and a 3.2 megapixel camera. On 10 September 2009, Nokia unveiled the 7705 Twist, a phone sporting a square shape that swivels open to reveal a full QWERTY keypad, featuring a 3 megapixel camera, web browsing, voice commands and weighting around 3.44 ounces (98 g).^[58]

Plant movements[link]

Nokia opened its Komárom, Hungary mobile phone factory on 5 May 2000.^[59]

In March 2007, Nokia signed a memorandum with Cluj County Council, Romania to open a new plant near the city in Jucu commune.^[60][61][62] Moving the production from the Bochum, Germany factory to a low wage country created an uproar in Germany.^[63][64] Nokia recently moved its North American Headquarters to Sunnyvale.

Reorganizations[link]

In April 2003, the troubles of the networks equipment division caused the corporation to resort to similar streamlining practices on that side, including layoffs and organizational restructuring.^[65] This diminished Nokia's public image in Finland,^[66][67] and produced a number of court cases and an episode of a documentary television show critical of Nokia.^[68]

On February 2006, Nokia and Sanyo announced a memorandum of understanding to create a joint venture addressing the CDMA handset business. But in June, they announced ending negotiations without agreement. Nokia also stated its decision to pull out of CDMA research and development, to continue CDMA business in selected markets.^[69][70][71]

In June 2006, Jorma Ollila left his position as CEO to become the chairman of Royal Dutch Shell^[72] and to give way for Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo.^[73][74]

In May 2008, Nokia announced on their annual stockholder meeting that they want to shift to the Internet business as a whole. Nokia no longer wants to be seen as the telephone company. Google, Apple and Microsoft are not seen as natural competition for their new image but they are considered as major important players to deal with.^[75]

In November 2008, Nokia announced it was ceasing mobile phone distribution in Japan.^[76] Following early December, distribution of Nokia E71 is cancelled, both from NTT docomo and SoftBank Mobile. Nokia Japan retains global research & development programs, sourcing business, and an MVNO venture of Vertu luxury phones, using docomo's telecommunications network.

In February 2012, Nokia anonunced it was laying off 4000 employees to move manufacturing from Europe and Mexico to Asia.^[77]

In March 2012, Nokia anonunced it was laying off 1000 employess from its Salo, Finland factory to focus on software.^[78]

Acquisitions[link]

The Nokia E55 from the business segment of the Eseries range

On 22 September 2003, Nokia acquired Sega.com, a branch of Sega which became the major basis to develop the Nokia N-Gage device.^[79]