Count Fyodor Petrovich Litke (Russian: Граф Фёдор Петро́вич Ли́тке), born Friedrich Benjamin Lütke, (28 September  [O.S. 17 September] 1797 – 28 August [O.S. 17 August] 1882) was a Russian navigator, geographer, and Arctic explorer. He became a count in 1866, and an admiral in 1855. He was a Corresponding Member (1829), Honorable Member (1855), and President (1864) of the Russian Academy of Science in St.Petersburg. He was also an Honorable Member of many other Russian and foreign scientific establishments, and a Corresponding Member of the French Academy of Science in Paris.

Count Fyodor (or Fedor) P. Litke came from a family of Russianized Germans. Count Litke’s grandfather was Johann F. Lütke, a German Lutheran preacher and writer on physical science and theology. In 1745, Johann Lütke went from Germany to Moscow as pastor of a Lutheran parish in order to spread Protestantism to Russia. As a youth, Fyodor attended a Lutheran school and learned German, the language of his ancestors. He remained a practicing Lutheran.