Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten (Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats), commonly known as Open Vld and also simply as the VLD, is a Flemish liberal political party in Belgium, created in 1992 from the former Party for Freedom and Progress (PVV) and a few other politicians from other parties. The party led the government for three cabinets under Guy Verhofstadt from 1999 until March 2008. VLD most recently formed the Federal Government (the so-called purple governments from June 2003 through 2007 with the Flemish sp.a-Spirit cartel, the Francophone Socialist Party (PS) and the Francophone Reformist Movement (MR). In the Flemish Parliament, the VLD formed a coalition government with sp.a-Spirit and Christian Democratic and Flemish (CD&V) from after the 2004 regional election until the 2009 regional election. VLD has been a member of the Leterme I Government formed on 22 March 2008, the Van Rompuy I Government formed on 2 January 2009, the Leterme II Government formed on 24 November 2009 and the Di Rupo I Government formed on 6 December 2011.