Scientists at Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University may have found the “Fountain of Youth” or rather, the “fountain of aging”.
In a paper published on May 1st, 2013, in the online edition of Nature, Hypothalamic programming of systemic ageing involving IKK-β, NF-κB and GnRH, scientists pinpointed a protein complex in the hypothalamus that controls the aging process.
"Scientists have long wondered whether aging occurs independently in the body's various tissues or if it could be actively regulated by an organ in the body," said senior author Dongsheng Cai, M.D., Ph.D., professor of molecular pharmacology at Einstein. "It's clear from our study that many aspects of aging are controlled by the hypothalamus. What's exciting is that it's possible — at least in mice — to alter signaling within the hypothalamus to slow down the aging process and increase longevity."
Dr Cai noticed that inflammation in the hypothalamus gives rise to some components of metabolic syndrome which can lead to heart disease and diabetes. He said that when people age, there are inflammatory changes in the tissues when age-related diseases of the cardiovascular system are present and in neurological disorders and some cancers.
The scientists studied a specific protein complex called NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells).
"Even though inflammation involves hundreds of molecules, NF-κB sits right at the center of that regulatory map," Dr Cai said.
When the team activated the NF-κB pathway in the hypothalamus of mice, they aged significantly faster, lost muscle strength, skin thickness and the ability to learn. On the contrary, when they blocked the NF-κB pathway in the hypothalamus of mouse brains, the aging process slowed and longevity increased by about 20 percent.
The researchers also found that when they activated the NF-κB pathway in the hypothalamus levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), (which is synthesized in the hypothalamus) declined. GnRH in the blood is usually associated with reproduction.
The researchers injected the hormone into a hypothalamic ventricle (chamber) of aged mice and found it protected the mice and aided in the creation of new neurons in the brain.
“According to Dr. Cai, preventing the hypothalamus from causing inflammation and increasing neurogenesis via GnRH therapy are two potential strategies for increasing lifespan and treating age-related diseases.”
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The title of the paper is "Hypothalamic Programming of Systemic Aging Involving IKKβ, NF-κB and GnRH." The other contributors are Guo Zhang, Ph.D.; Juxue Li, Ph.D.; Sudarshana Purkayastha, Ph.D.; Yizhe Tang, Ph.D.; Hai Zhang, Ph.D.; Ye Yin, Ph.D.; Bo Li, Ph.D. candidate; and Gang Liu, Ph.D.; all at Einstein.
This study was supported by grants from the National Institute on Aging and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , both part of the National Institutes of Health, and the American Diabetes Association.
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