- published: 03 Jan 2022
- views: 4578
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Env (gene)
Env is a viral protein that serves to form the viral envelope. The expression of the env gene enables retroviruses to target and attach to specific cell types, and to infiltrate the target cell membrane.
Analysis of the structure and sequence of several different env genes suggests that Env proteins are type 1 fusion machines. Type 1 fusion machines initially bind a receptor on the target cell surface, which triggers a conformational change, allowing for binding of the fusion protein. The fusion peptide inserts itself in the host cell membrane and brings the host cell membrane very close to the viral membrane to facilitate membrane fusion.
While there are significant differences in sequence of the env gene between retroviruses, the gene is always located downstream of gag, pro, and pol. The env mRNA must be spliced for expression.
The mature product of the env gene is the viral spike protein, which has two main parts: the surface protein (SU) and the transmembrane protein (TM). The tropism of the virus is determined by the SU protein domain because it is responsible for the receptor-binding function of the virus. The SU domain therefore determines the specificity of the virus for a single receptor molecule.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Env_(gene)
Podcasts:
-
Retrovirus and its genome
In this video we have discussed about a typical retrovirus genome .
published: 03 Jan 2022 -
Medical vocabulary: What does env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus mean
What does env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus mean in English?
published: 20 Jan 2016 -
Analysis of the env gene variability of the IDU-A HIV-1 variant in the outbreak of th... | RTCL.TV
### Keywords ### #hiv1 #iduavariant #grouprisk #evolution #RTCLTV #shorts ### Article Attribution ### Title: Analysis of the env gene variability of the IDU-A HIV-1 variant in the outbreak of the HIV infection epidemic in Perm region of Russia (1996-2011) Authors: A. V. Lebedev, E. V. Kazennova, S. Ya. Zverev, Yu. I. Nistratova, V. Yu. Laga, A. S. Tumanov, N. V. Glushchenko, E. I. Yarygina ,and M. R. Bobkova Publisher: Central Research Institute for Epidemiology DOI: 10.18821/0507-4088-2016-61-5-222-229 DOAJ URL: https://doaj.org/article/1734cdb6d4d24df1a82154af9b6265db Source URL: https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/viewFile/92/31 ### Image Attribution ### We used stable diffusion to programmatically generate the background images. Viewer discretion is advised. ### Channels ### Y...
published: 09 Nov 2023 -
HIV Virology
Watch the complete video by clicking the link below: https://youtube.com/watch?v=Wqptso-vEAs&feature;=share7
published: 16 Jun 2023 -
Env [gene] - Wikipedia Article Audio
For more information, please, visit: https://a.webull.com/KJLOK7GVRt9ngH7iql This is an audio version of a Wikipedia article created for the benefit of those who have vision problems or problem reading at night. This Wikipedia article audio was created under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike. To view the original article, go to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/[AUDIO_TITLE].
published: 22 Apr 2018 -
Gene Delivery Systems for Gene Therapy - Creative Biolabs
One of the key steps in gene therapy is to deliver foreign genes or gene editing systems into target tissues or cells. Thus efficient gene delivery system is very important to the effect of gene therapy. We discussed the gene delivery systems that commonly used in research and clinic, and our gene delivery system development services. Learn More: https://www.creative-biolabs.com/
published: 25 Mar 2020 -
Medical Video Lecture: Structural genes of HIV, Microbiology
FREE FREE FREE !!! FIGURE1 medical app: Discover medical cases from every specialty their views and advice DOWNLOAD NOW http://download.figure1.com/greenglobe Prepare for USMLE,UK,CANADIAN,AUSTRALIAN, NURSING & OTHER MEDICAL BOARD examinations around the globe with us.Understand the basics, concepts and how to answer wisely and score 99 in each step. we are here to help you. What are you waiting for subscribe now!!! SUBSCRIBE NOW: http://bit.ly/161OmbF For Business inquiries: allornonelaw4business@gmail.com Join our USMLE step 1 prep Zone : https://www.facebook.com/groups/730000020375744 Join our USMLE CK STUDY GROUP: https://www.facebook.com/groups/320959178079398
published: 22 Jun 2014 -
Retrovirus | Mechanism of Retrovirus | Reverse Transcriptase
Animated and descriptive video on Retrovirus and Reverse Transcriptase
published: 14 Mar 2014 -
HIV components
HIV is a Lentivirus, part of the Retroviridae. The virion contains single-stranded RNA, wich is into the hosts genome upon retro-transcription into DNA. The integrated form of HIV-1 is known as the provirus, which is approximately 9.8 kilobases in length. The genes of HIV are located in the central region of the proviral DNA and encode at least nine proteins. The major structural proteins, Gag, Pol, and Env; the regulatory proteins, Tat and Rev and the accessory proteins, Vpu, Vpr, Vif, and Nef. HIV transcription is mediated by a single promoter in the 5' LTR. Expression from the 5' LTR generates a 9-kb primary transcript that has the potential to encode all nine HIV genes. The primary transcript can be spliced into one of more than 30 mRNA species or packaged without further modification ...
published: 26 Aug 2019 -
Virus DNA in human genome (evolution by infection)
If it wasn't for virus DNA in human genome, humans would NOT exist. The evolution of the mammalian placenta has happened because of endogenous retroviruses. The viruses in human genome have come from infections millions of years ago that have stayed around in our DNA. The human endogenous retroviruses are on longer functional viruses capable of infecting. Instead, what's left in the human genome are parts of these viruses, specific important genes. These are the critical genes for placental evolution. Placental mammals have adopted these genes in a wonderful way, and turned a tool used by viruses to infect cells into a tool for creating the placenta. The evolution of the mammalian placenta is not a rare, one time event. Instead, the evolution of the mammalian placenta has occurred over...
published: 27 Mar 2019 -
Env Adapt 10 Transcriptomics
Environmental adaptation of animals: lecture 10 transcriptomics
published: 21 Jan 2021 -
Medical vocabulary: What does Gene Products, env mean
What does Gene Products, env mean in English?
published: 19 Jan 2016 -
How the HIV Infection Cycle Works - Animated microbiology
📌 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐨𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦:- https://www.instagram.com/drgbhanuprakash 📌𝗝𝗼𝗶𝗻 𝗢𝘂𝗿 𝗧𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗹 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗲:- https://t.me/bhanuprakashdr 📌𝗦𝘂𝗯𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗯𝗲 𝗧𝗼 𝗠𝘆 𝗠𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘁:- https://linktr.ee/DrGBhanuprakash How the HIV Infection Cycle Works - Animated microbiology HIV gradually destroys the immune system by attacking and destroying a type of white blood cell called a CD4 cell. CD4 cells play a major role in protecting the body from infection. HIV uses the machinery of the CD4 cells to multiply and spread throughout the body. This process, which is carried out in seven steps or stages, is called the HIV life cycle. HIV medicines protect the immune system by blocking HIV at different stages of the HIV life cycle. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the use of HIV medicines to treat HIV infection. People ...
published: 31 Jan 2019 -
The Basics of the Recombinant Lentivirus System
How do recombinant lentivirus systems work? Lentiviruses are members of the Retroviridae family of viruses, with HIV-1 being the most widely studied. Lentiviral vectors are able to deliver genes into a broad range of mammalian cell lines and tissue types and to infect both dividing and non-dividing cells. Recombinant lentivirus systems and lentiviral transfection/transduction are powerful tools and methods for gene delivery and gene therapy. Because they can stably integrate transgenes into the host genome, lentiviruses are unique tools for generating stable cell lines for long term expression. In this video we will introduce you to the basic structure and genome map of the HIV Lentivirus and explain the differences and advantages of using first, second, and third generation recombinant le...
published: 25 Nov 2016
developed with YouTube
1:34
Retrovirus and its genome
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:34
- Uploaded Date: 03 Jan 2022
- views: 4578
In this video we have discussed about a typical retrovirus genome .
In this video we have discussed about a typical retrovirus genome .
https://wn.com/Retrovirus_And_Its_Genome
In this video we have discussed about a typical retrovirus genome .
0:11
Medical vocabulary: What does env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus mean
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:11
- Uploaded Date: 20 Jan 2016
- views: 75
What does env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus mean in English?
What does env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus mean in English?
https://wn.com/Medical_Vocabulary_What_Does_Env_Gene_Products,_Human_Immunodeficiency_Virus_Mean
What does env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus mean in English?
- published: 20 Jan 2016
- views: 75
0:58
Analysis of the env gene variability of the IDU-A HIV-1 variant in the outbreak of th... | RTCL.TV
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:58
- Uploaded Date: 09 Nov 2023
- views: 13
### Keywords ###
#hiv1 #iduavariant #grouprisk #evolution #RTCLTV #shorts
### Article Attribution ###
Title: Analysis of the env gene variability of the IDU-A ...
### Keywords ###
#hiv1 #iduavariant #grouprisk #evolution #RTCLTV #shorts
### Article Attribution ###
Title: Analysis of the env gene variability of the IDU-A HIV-1 variant in the outbreak of the HIV infection epidemic in Perm region of Russia (1996-2011)
Authors: A. V. Lebedev, E. V. Kazennova, S. Ya. Zverev, Yu. I. Nistratova, V. Yu. Laga, A. S. Tumanov, N. V. Glushchenko, E. I. Yarygina ,and M. R. Bobkova
Publisher: Central Research Institute for Epidemiology
DOI: 10.18821/0507-4088-2016-61-5-222-229
DOAJ URL: https://doaj.org/article/1734cdb6d4d24df1a82154af9b6265db
Source URL: https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/viewFile/92/31
### Image Attribution ###
We used stable diffusion to programmatically generate the background images.
Viewer discretion is advised.
### Channels ###
YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@socialrtcltv
Odysee Channel: https://odysee.com/@social_rtcl_tv
### Video Timestamps ###
0:00:00 - Summary
0:00:51 - Title
0:00:57 - End
https://wn.com/Analysis_Of_The_Env_Gene_Variability_Of_The_Idu_A_Hiv_1_Variant_In_The_Outbreak_Of_Th..._|_Rtcl.Tv
### Keywords ###
#hiv1 #iduavariant #grouprisk #evolution #RTCLTV #shorts
### Article Attribution ###
Title: Analysis of the env gene variability of the IDU-A HIV-1 variant in the outbreak of the HIV infection epidemic in Perm region of Russia (1996-2011)
Authors: A. V. Lebedev, E. V. Kazennova, S. Ya. Zverev, Yu. I. Nistratova, V. Yu. Laga, A. S. Tumanov, N. V. Glushchenko, E. I. Yarygina ,and M. R. Bobkova
Publisher: Central Research Institute for Epidemiology
DOI: 10.18821/0507-4088-2016-61-5-222-229
DOAJ URL: https://doaj.org/article/1734cdb6d4d24df1a82154af9b6265db
Source URL: https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/viewFile/92/31
### Image Attribution ###
We used stable diffusion to programmatically generate the background images.
Viewer discretion is advised.
### Channels ###
YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@socialrtcltv
Odysee Channel: https://odysee.com/@social_rtcl_tv
### Video Timestamps ###
0:00:00 - Summary
0:00:51 - Title
0:00:57 - End
- published: 09 Nov 2023
- views: 13
0:39
HIV Virology
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:39
- Uploaded Date: 16 Jun 2023
- views: 20
Watch the complete video by clicking the link below:
https://youtube.com/watch?v=Wqptso-vEAs&feature;=share7
Watch the complete video by clicking the link below:
https://youtube.com/watch?v=Wqptso-vEAs&feature;=share7
https://wn.com/Hiv_Virology
Watch the complete video by clicking the link below:
https://youtube.com/watch?v=Wqptso-vEAs&feature;=share7
- published: 16 Jun 2023
- views: 20
11:55
Env [gene] - Wikipedia Article Audio
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:55
- Uploaded Date: 22 Apr 2018
- views: 2
For more information, please, visit: https://a.webull.com/KJLOK7GVRt9ngH7iql This is an audio version of a Wikipedia article created for the benefit of those wh...
For more information, please, visit: https://a.webull.com/KJLOK7GVRt9ngH7iql This is an audio version of a Wikipedia article created for the benefit of those who have vision problems or problem reading at night. This Wikipedia article audio was created under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike. To view the original article, go to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/[AUDIO_TITLE].
https://wn.com/Env_Gene_Wikipedia_Article_Audio
For more information, please, visit: https://a.webull.com/KJLOK7GVRt9ngH7iql This is an audio version of a Wikipedia article created for the benefit of those who have vision problems or problem reading at night. This Wikipedia article audio was created under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike. To view the original article, go to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/[AUDIO_TITLE].
- published: 22 Apr 2018
- views: 2
14:19
Gene Delivery Systems for Gene Therapy - Creative Biolabs
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:19
- Uploaded Date: 25 Mar 2020
- views: 12838
One of the key steps in gene therapy is to deliver foreign genes or gene editing systems into target tissues or cells. Thus efficient gene delivery system is ve...
One of the key steps in gene therapy is to deliver foreign genes or gene editing systems into target tissues or cells. Thus efficient gene delivery system is very important to the effect of gene therapy. We discussed the gene delivery systems that commonly used in research and clinic, and our gene delivery system development services.
Learn More: https://www.creative-biolabs.com/
https://wn.com/Gene_Delivery_Systems_For_Gene_Therapy_Creative_Biolabs
One of the key steps in gene therapy is to deliver foreign genes or gene editing systems into target tissues or cells. Thus efficient gene delivery system is very important to the effect of gene therapy. We discussed the gene delivery systems that commonly used in research and clinic, and our gene delivery system development services.
Learn More: https://www.creative-biolabs.com/
- published: 25 Mar 2020
- views: 12838
5:30
Medical Video Lecture: Structural genes of HIV, Microbiology
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:30
- Uploaded Date: 22 Jun 2014
- views: 6516
FREE FREE FREE !!! FIGURE1 medical app: Discover medical cases from every specialty their views and advice DOWNLOAD NOW http://download.figure1.com/greenglobe
...
FREE FREE FREE !!! FIGURE1 medical app: Discover medical cases from every specialty their views and advice DOWNLOAD NOW http://download.figure1.com/greenglobe
Prepare for USMLE,UK,CANADIAN,AUSTRALIAN, NURSING & OTHER MEDICAL BOARD examinations around the globe with us.Understand the basics, concepts and how to answer wisely and score 99 in each step. we are here to help you. What are you waiting for subscribe now!!!
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https://wn.com/Medical_Video_Lecture_Structural_Genes_Of_Hiv,_Microbiology
FREE FREE FREE !!! FIGURE1 medical app: Discover medical cases from every specialty their views and advice DOWNLOAD NOW http://download.figure1.com/greenglobe
Prepare for USMLE,UK,CANADIAN,AUSTRALIAN, NURSING & OTHER MEDICAL BOARD examinations around the globe with us.Understand the basics, concepts and how to answer wisely and score 99 in each step. we are here to help you. What are you waiting for subscribe now!!!
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- published: 22 Jun 2014
- views: 6516
0:39
Retrovirus | Mechanism of Retrovirus | Reverse Transcriptase
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:39
- Uploaded Date: 14 Mar 2014
- views: 83933
Animated and descriptive video on Retrovirus and Reverse Transcriptase
Animated and descriptive video on Retrovirus and Reverse Transcriptase
https://wn.com/Retrovirus_|_Mechanism_Of_Retrovirus_|_Reverse_Transcriptase
Animated and descriptive video on Retrovirus and Reverse Transcriptase
- published: 14 Mar 2014
- views: 83933
0:15
HIV components
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:15
- Uploaded Date: 26 Aug 2019
- views: 5315
HIV is a Lentivirus, part of the Retroviridae. The virion contains single-stranded RNA, wich is into the hosts genome upon retro-transcription into DNA.
The int...
HIV is a Lentivirus, part of the Retroviridae. The virion contains single-stranded RNA, wich is into the hosts genome upon retro-transcription into DNA.
The integrated form of HIV-1 is known as the provirus, which is approximately 9.8 kilobases in length. The genes of HIV are located in the central region of the proviral DNA and encode at least nine proteins. The major structural proteins, Gag, Pol, and Env; the regulatory proteins, Tat and Rev and the accessory proteins, Vpu, Vpr, Vif, and Nef.
HIV transcription is mediated by a single promoter in the 5' LTR. Expression from the 5' LTR generates a 9-kb primary transcript that has the potential to encode all nine HIV genes. The primary transcript can be spliced into one of more than 30 mRNA species or packaged without further modification into virion particles (to serve as the viral RNA genome). We have depicted the complex virion with its different components.
HIV research has revealed many fascinating insights into the molecular biology of gene regulation and the immune system. However, while modern therapy allows infected individuals to live a widely normal life nowadays, many challenges remain. These include stable transfection rates, access to medication including preventive medicine and suitable treatments for children.
https://wn.com/Hiv_Components
HIV is a Lentivirus, part of the Retroviridae. The virion contains single-stranded RNA, wich is into the hosts genome upon retro-transcription into DNA.
The integrated form of HIV-1 is known as the provirus, which is approximately 9.8 kilobases in length. The genes of HIV are located in the central region of the proviral DNA and encode at least nine proteins. The major structural proteins, Gag, Pol, and Env; the regulatory proteins, Tat and Rev and the accessory proteins, Vpu, Vpr, Vif, and Nef.
HIV transcription is mediated by a single promoter in the 5' LTR. Expression from the 5' LTR generates a 9-kb primary transcript that has the potential to encode all nine HIV genes. The primary transcript can be spliced into one of more than 30 mRNA species or packaged without further modification into virion particles (to serve as the viral RNA genome). We have depicted the complex virion with its different components.
HIV research has revealed many fascinating insights into the molecular biology of gene regulation and the immune system. However, while modern therapy allows infected individuals to live a widely normal life nowadays, many challenges remain. These include stable transfection rates, access to medication including preventive medicine and suitable treatments for children.
- published: 26 Aug 2019
- views: 5315
10:42
Virus DNA in human genome (evolution by infection)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:42
- Uploaded Date: 27 Mar 2019
- views: 36674
If it wasn't for virus DNA in human genome, humans would NOT exist. The evolution of the mammalian placenta has happened because of endogenous retroviruses. The...
If it wasn't for virus DNA in human genome, humans would NOT exist. The evolution of the mammalian placenta has happened because of endogenous retroviruses. The viruses in human genome have come from infections millions of years ago that have stayed around in our DNA.
The human endogenous retroviruses are on longer functional viruses capable of infecting. Instead, what's left in the human genome are parts of these viruses, specific important genes. These are the critical genes for placental evolution. Placental mammals have adopted these genes in a wonderful way, and turned a tool used by viruses to infect cells into a tool for creating the placenta.
The evolution of the mammalian placenta is not a rare, one time event. Instead, the evolution of the mammalian placenta has occurred over and over. What's even more astounding is that the placenta has evolved in non-mammalian species as well.
We humans need retrovirus genes for our development. We descend from viruses.
Subscribe: https://tinyurl.com/ycpqj5x4
Twitter: https://twitter.com/everycellauni
Resources
The original article finding the viral origins of human syncytins
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10693809
A review article on the placentation and captured env-genes
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2012.05.005
OPEN - Another thorough review of placentation and retroviruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3758191/
OPEN – A concise review of retroviruses and the evolution of the placenta
https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/109/7/2184.full.pdf
OPEN - A general review of retroviruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK19382/
A general review on endogenous retroviruses, retroviruses that are part of our genome
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18694346
OPEN - Description of the membrane protein recognized by env
https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/105/45/17532.full.pdf
Description of the workings of the placenta
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15507270
An article describing a hyena env-gene. Also fresh source for the timeline of syncytin captures. Here Heidmann and colleagues also talk about their model for placental formation.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30463979
OPEN - Finding of Syncytin-Car1, a syncytin functional in the whole Carnivora order
https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/109/7/E432.full.pdf
OPEN – Blocking mice syncytin disrupts the formation of their placenta
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19564597
OPEN - Description of the envV syncytin.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23555306
OPEN – The Mabuya syncytin
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5754801/pdf/pnas.201714590.pdf
--
Credits
Graph of the family tree of mammals and times of Syncytin domestication based on a graph from this hyena env article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30463979
3D-model of Syncytin 2 adopted from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16140326
Cell video - Toshiyuki Hatano, Greenfield Sluder (2011) CIL:34849, Homo sapiens, retinal pigment epithelium. CIL. Dataset. https://doi.org/doi:10.7295/W9CIL34849
Chromosomes adopted from an image by National Human Genome Research Institute
HIV- virion - CDC/ Maureen Metcalfe, Tom Hodge
HIV close up image - CDC/ A. Harrison; Dr. P. Feorino
HIV -budding-out - CDC
Tab V, fetus with umbilical cord and placenta - Wellcome Collection. Creative Commons Attribution [CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)] https://wellcomecollection.org/works/pnbunkzq
human embryo - Ed Uthman - [CC BY 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
)] https://www.flickr.com/photos/euthman/548063929
Staphylococcus - NIAID - Attribution 2.0 Generic [CC BY 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)] https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Staphylococcus_epidermidis_Bacteria_%285613984108%29.jpg
Eosinophils in Peripheral Blood Smear - Ed Uthman - Attribution 2.0 Generic [CC BY 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)] https://www.flickr.com/photos/euthman/4746281402
Lizards:
Mabuya - Izalete Tavares - Attribution 2.0 Generic [CC BY 2.0(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)]
https://flic.kr/p/pjjBQU
Long-tailed_Skink_(Mabuya_longicaudata)_長尾南蜥2 - Thomas Brown [CC BY 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)]
Mabuya mabouya - Mark Stevens - Attribution 2.0 Generic [CC BY 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)] https://www.flickr.com/photos/46679531@N02/4288472733
Bronze_Grass_Skink_(Mabuya_macularia)_W_IMG_2753 - J.M.Garg - J.M.Garg [CC BY 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)]
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Bronze_Grass_Skink_%28Mabuya_macularia%29_W_IMG_2753.jpg
File:Bronze Grass Skink (Mabuya macularia) W IMG 9977 - J.M.Garg - J.M.Garg [CC BY 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)]
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Bronze_Grass_Skink_%28Mabuya_macularia%29_W_IMG_9977.jpg
https://wn.com/Virus_Dna_In_Human_Genome_(Evolution_By_Infection)
If it wasn't for virus DNA in human genome, humans would NOT exist. The evolution of the mammalian placenta has happened because of endogenous retroviruses. The viruses in human genome have come from infections millions of years ago that have stayed around in our DNA.
The human endogenous retroviruses are on longer functional viruses capable of infecting. Instead, what's left in the human genome are parts of these viruses, specific important genes. These are the critical genes for placental evolution. Placental mammals have adopted these genes in a wonderful way, and turned a tool used by viruses to infect cells into a tool for creating the placenta.
The evolution of the mammalian placenta is not a rare, one time event. Instead, the evolution of the mammalian placenta has occurred over and over. What's even more astounding is that the placenta has evolved in non-mammalian species as well.
We humans need retrovirus genes for our development. We descend from viruses.
Subscribe: https://tinyurl.com/ycpqj5x4
Twitter: https://twitter.com/everycellauni
Resources
The original article finding the viral origins of human syncytins
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10693809
A review article on the placentation and captured env-genes
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2012.05.005
OPEN - Another thorough review of placentation and retroviruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3758191/
OPEN – A concise review of retroviruses and the evolution of the placenta
https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/109/7/2184.full.pdf
OPEN - A general review of retroviruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK19382/
A general review on endogenous retroviruses, retroviruses that are part of our genome
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18694346
OPEN - Description of the membrane protein recognized by env
https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/105/45/17532.full.pdf
Description of the workings of the placenta
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15507270
An article describing a hyena env-gene. Also fresh source for the timeline of syncytin captures. Here Heidmann and colleagues also talk about their model for placental formation.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30463979
OPEN - Finding of Syncytin-Car1, a syncytin functional in the whole Carnivora order
https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/109/7/E432.full.pdf
OPEN – Blocking mice syncytin disrupts the formation of their placenta
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19564597
OPEN - Description of the envV syncytin.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23555306
OPEN – The Mabuya syncytin
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5754801/pdf/pnas.201714590.pdf
--
Credits
Graph of the family tree of mammals and times of Syncytin domestication based on a graph from this hyena env article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30463979
3D-model of Syncytin 2 adopted from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16140326
Cell video - Toshiyuki Hatano, Greenfield Sluder (2011) CIL:34849, Homo sapiens, retinal pigment epithelium. CIL. Dataset. https://doi.org/doi:10.7295/W9CIL34849
Chromosomes adopted from an image by National Human Genome Research Institute
HIV- virion - CDC/ Maureen Metcalfe, Tom Hodge
HIV close up image - CDC/ A. Harrison; Dr. P. Feorino
HIV -budding-out - CDC
Tab V, fetus with umbilical cord and placenta - Wellcome Collection. Creative Commons Attribution [CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)] https://wellcomecollection.org/works/pnbunkzq
human embryo - Ed Uthman - [CC BY 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
)] https://www.flickr.com/photos/euthman/548063929
Staphylococcus - NIAID - Attribution 2.0 Generic [CC BY 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)] https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Staphylococcus_epidermidis_Bacteria_%285613984108%29.jpg
Eosinophils in Peripheral Blood Smear - Ed Uthman - Attribution 2.0 Generic [CC BY 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)] https://www.flickr.com/photos/euthman/4746281402
Lizards:
Mabuya - Izalete Tavares - Attribution 2.0 Generic [CC BY 2.0(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)]
https://flic.kr/p/pjjBQU
Long-tailed_Skink_(Mabuya_longicaudata)_長尾南蜥2 - Thomas Brown [CC BY 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)]
Mabuya mabouya - Mark Stevens - Attribution 2.0 Generic [CC BY 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)] https://www.flickr.com/photos/46679531@N02/4288472733
Bronze_Grass_Skink_(Mabuya_macularia)_W_IMG_2753 - J.M.Garg - J.M.Garg [CC BY 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)]
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Bronze_Grass_Skink_%28Mabuya_macularia%29_W_IMG_2753.jpg
File:Bronze Grass Skink (Mabuya macularia) W IMG 9977 - J.M.Garg - J.M.Garg [CC BY 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)]
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Bronze_Grass_Skink_%28Mabuya_macularia%29_W_IMG_9977.jpg
- published: 27 Mar 2019
- views: 36674
10:46
Env Adapt 10 Transcriptomics
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:46
- Uploaded Date: 21 Jan 2021
- views: 14
Environmental adaptation of animals: lecture 10 transcriptomics
Environmental adaptation of animals: lecture 10 transcriptomics
https://wn.com/Env_Adapt_10_Transcriptomics
Environmental adaptation of animals: lecture 10 transcriptomics
- published: 21 Jan 2021
- views: 14
0:21
Medical vocabulary: What does Gene Products, env mean
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:21
- Uploaded Date: 19 Jan 2016
- views: 12
What does Gene Products, env mean in English?
What does Gene Products, env mean in English?
https://wn.com/Medical_Vocabulary_What_Does_Gene_Products,_Env_Mean
What does Gene Products, env mean in English?
- published: 19 Jan 2016
- views: 12
2:36
How the HIV Infection Cycle Works - Animated microbiology
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:36
- Uploaded Date: 31 Jan 2019
- views: 374147
📌 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐨𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦:- https://www.instagram.com/drgbhanuprakash
📌𝗝𝗼𝗶𝗻 𝗢𝘂𝗿 𝗧𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗹 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗲:- https://t.me/bhanuprakashdr
📌𝗦𝘂𝗯𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗯𝗲 𝗧𝗼 𝗠𝘆 𝗠𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘁:- ...
📌 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐨𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦:- https://www.instagram.com/drgbhanuprakash
📌𝗝𝗼𝗶𝗻 𝗢𝘂𝗿 𝗧𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗹 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗲:- https://t.me/bhanuprakashdr
📌𝗦𝘂𝗯𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗯𝗲 𝗧𝗼 𝗠𝘆 𝗠𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘁:- https://linktr.ee/DrGBhanuprakash
How the HIV Infection Cycle Works - Animated microbiology
HIV gradually destroys the immune system by attacking and destroying a type of white blood cell called a CD4 cell. CD4 cells play a major role in protecting the body from infection.
HIV uses the machinery of the CD4 cells to multiply and spread throughout the body. This process, which is carried out in seven steps or stages, is called the HIV life cycle. HIV medicines protect the immune system by blocking HIV at different stages of the HIV life cycle.
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the use of HIV medicines to treat HIV infection. People on ART take a combination of HIV medicines from at least two different HIV drug classes every day. Because each class of drugs is designed to target a specific step in the HIV life cycle, ART is very effective at preventing HIV from multiplying.
#hivcycle #hivcycleanimation #animatedmicrobiology #microbiologyanimations #hivanimation #hivcycleanimation
https://wn.com/How_The_Hiv_Infection_Cycle_Works_Animated_Microbiology
📌 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐨𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦:- https://www.instagram.com/drgbhanuprakash
📌𝗝𝗼𝗶𝗻 𝗢𝘂𝗿 𝗧𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗹 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗲:- https://t.me/bhanuprakashdr
📌𝗦𝘂𝗯𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗯𝗲 𝗧𝗼 𝗠𝘆 𝗠𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘁:- https://linktr.ee/DrGBhanuprakash
How the HIV Infection Cycle Works - Animated microbiology
HIV gradually destroys the immune system by attacking and destroying a type of white blood cell called a CD4 cell. CD4 cells play a major role in protecting the body from infection.
HIV uses the machinery of the CD4 cells to multiply and spread throughout the body. This process, which is carried out in seven steps or stages, is called the HIV life cycle. HIV medicines protect the immune system by blocking HIV at different stages of the HIV life cycle.
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the use of HIV medicines to treat HIV infection. People on ART take a combination of HIV medicines from at least two different HIV drug classes every day. Because each class of drugs is designed to target a specific step in the HIV life cycle, ART is very effective at preventing HIV from multiplying.
#hivcycle #hivcycleanimation #animatedmicrobiology #microbiologyanimations #hivanimation #hivcycleanimation
- published: 31 Jan 2019
- views: 374147
7:00
The Basics of the Recombinant Lentivirus System
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:00
- Uploaded Date: 25 Nov 2016
- views: 190811
How do recombinant lentivirus systems work? Lentiviruses are members of the Retroviridae family of viruses, with HIV-1 being the most widely studied. Lentiviral...
How do recombinant lentivirus systems work? Lentiviruses are members of the Retroviridae family of viruses, with HIV-1 being the most widely studied. Lentiviral vectors are able to deliver genes into a broad range of mammalian cell lines and tissue types and to infect both dividing and non-dividing cells. Recombinant lentivirus systems and lentiviral transfection/transduction are powerful tools and methods for gene delivery and gene therapy. Because they can stably integrate transgenes into the host genome, lentiviruses are unique tools for generating stable cell lines for long term expression. In this video we will introduce you to the basic structure and genome map of the HIV Lentivirus and explain the differences and advantages of using first, second, and third generation recombinant lentivirus packaging systems. In the recombinant system, the HIV lentiviral genome is split into multiple plasmids (e.g. lentiviral transfer plasmids, packaging plasmids and envelop plasmids) that are delivered separately to ensure the introduced lentivirus cannot replicate in host cells. Thus, though natural lentiviruses such as HIV, SIV, FIV, EIAV, and Visna can cause chronic and even fatal diseases, scientists have managed to reduce the biosafety risks to a minimal level and convert this group of viruses into a tool for research and treatment of diseases such as cancers.
For more information on the recombinant lentivirus expression system and for a list of the sources used, please visit:
➜ Knowledge Base: https://info.abmgood.com/lentivirus-system-introduction
Check out our other video series:
➜ Cell Culture - An Introduction: https://youtu.be/RpDke-Sadzo
➜ CRISPR Cas9: https://youtu.be/1aJxXWkE3Ek?list=PLTt9kKfqE_0Ei8_rQsrfm01-zQtABTn0Z
➜ Next Generation Sequencing: https://youtu.be/jFCD8Q6qSTM?list=PLTt9kKfqE_0Gem8hIcJEn7YcesuuKdt_n
Connect with us on our social media pages to stay up to date with the latest scientific discoveries:
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https://wn.com/The_Basics_Of_The_Recombinant_Lentivirus_System
How do recombinant lentivirus systems work? Lentiviruses are members of the Retroviridae family of viruses, with HIV-1 being the most widely studied. Lentiviral vectors are able to deliver genes into a broad range of mammalian cell lines and tissue types and to infect both dividing and non-dividing cells. Recombinant lentivirus systems and lentiviral transfection/transduction are powerful tools and methods for gene delivery and gene therapy. Because they can stably integrate transgenes into the host genome, lentiviruses are unique tools for generating stable cell lines for long term expression. In this video we will introduce you to the basic structure and genome map of the HIV Lentivirus and explain the differences and advantages of using first, second, and third generation recombinant lentivirus packaging systems. In the recombinant system, the HIV lentiviral genome is split into multiple plasmids (e.g. lentiviral transfer plasmids, packaging plasmids and envelop plasmids) that are delivered separately to ensure the introduced lentivirus cannot replicate in host cells. Thus, though natural lentiviruses such as HIV, SIV, FIV, EIAV, and Visna can cause chronic and even fatal diseases, scientists have managed to reduce the biosafety risks to a minimal level and convert this group of viruses into a tool for research and treatment of diseases such as cancers.
For more information on the recombinant lentivirus expression system and for a list of the sources used, please visit:
➜ Knowledge Base: https://info.abmgood.com/lentivirus-system-introduction
Check out our other video series:
➜ Cell Culture - An Introduction: https://youtu.be/RpDke-Sadzo
➜ CRISPR Cas9: https://youtu.be/1aJxXWkE3Ek?list=PLTt9kKfqE_0Ei8_rQsrfm01-zQtABTn0Z
➜ Next Generation Sequencing: https://youtu.be/jFCD8Q6qSTM?list=PLTt9kKfqE_0Gem8hIcJEn7YcesuuKdt_n
Connect with us on our social media pages to stay up to date with the latest scientific discoveries:
➜ Facebook: https://goo.gl/hc9KrG
➜ Twitter: https://goo.gl/gGGtT9
➜ LinkedIn: https://goo.gl/kSmbht
➜ Google+: https://goo.gl/5bRNwC
- published: 25 Nov 2016
- views: 190811
1:34
Retrovirus and its genome
In this video we have discussed about a typical retrovirus genome .
published: 03 Jan 2022
Retrovirus and its genome
Retrovirus and its genome
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- published: 03 Jan 2022
- views: 4578
In this video we have discussed about a typical retrovirus genome .
0:11
Medical vocabulary: What does env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus mean
What does env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus mean in English?
published: 20 Jan 2016
Medical vocabulary: What does env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus mean
Medical vocabulary: What does env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus mean
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- published: 20 Jan 2016
- views: 75
What does env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus mean in English?
0:58
Analysis of the env gene variability of the IDU-A HIV-1 variant in the outbreak of th... | RTCL.TV
### Keywords ###
#hiv1 #iduavariant #grouprisk #evolution #RTCLTV #shorts
### Article Att...
published: 09 Nov 2023
Analysis of the env gene variability of the IDU-A HIV-1 variant in the outbreak of th... | RTCL.TV
Analysis of the env gene variability of the IDU-A HIV-1 variant in the outbreak of th... | RTCL.TV
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- published: 09 Nov 2023
- views: 13
### Keywords ###
#hiv1 #iduavariant #grouprisk #evolution #RTCLTV #shorts
### Article Attribution ###
Title: Analysis of the env gene variability of the IDU-A HIV-1 variant in the outbreak of the HIV infection epidemic in Perm region of Russia (1996-2011)
Authors: A. V. Lebedev, E. V. Kazennova, S. Ya. Zverev, Yu. I. Nistratova, V. Yu. Laga, A. S. Tumanov, N. V. Glushchenko, E. I. Yarygina ,and M. R. Bobkova
Publisher: Central Research Institute for Epidemiology
DOI: 10.18821/0507-4088-2016-61-5-222-229
DOAJ URL: https://doaj.org/article/1734cdb6d4d24df1a82154af9b6265db
Source URL: https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/viewFile/92/31
### Image Attribution ###
We used stable diffusion to programmatically generate the background images.
Viewer discretion is advised.
### Channels ###
YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@socialrtcltv
Odysee Channel: https://odysee.com/@social_rtcl_tv
### Video Timestamps ###
0:00:00 - Summary
0:00:51 - Title
0:00:57 - End
0:39
HIV Virology
Watch the complete video by clicking the link below:
https://youtube.com/watch?v=Wqptso-vE...
published: 16 Jun 2023
HIV Virology
HIV Virology
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- published: 16 Jun 2023
- views: 20
Watch the complete video by clicking the link below:
https://youtube.com/watch?v=Wqptso-vEAs&feature;=share7
11:55
Env [gene] - Wikipedia Article Audio
For more information, please, visit: https://a.webull.com/KJLOK7GVRt9ngH7iql This is an au...
published: 22 Apr 2018
Env [gene] - Wikipedia Article Audio
Env [gene] - Wikipedia Article Audio
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- published: 22 Apr 2018
- views: 2
For more information, please, visit: https://a.webull.com/KJLOK7GVRt9ngH7iql This is an audio version of a Wikipedia article created for the benefit of those who have vision problems or problem reading at night. This Wikipedia article audio was created under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike. To view the original article, go to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/[AUDIO_TITLE].
14:19
Gene Delivery Systems for Gene Therapy - Creative Biolabs
One of the key steps in gene therapy is to deliver foreign genes or gene editing systems i...
published: 25 Mar 2020
Gene Delivery Systems for Gene Therapy - Creative Biolabs
Gene Delivery Systems for Gene Therapy - Creative Biolabs
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- published: 25 Mar 2020
- views: 12838
One of the key steps in gene therapy is to deliver foreign genes or gene editing systems into target tissues or cells. Thus efficient gene delivery system is very important to the effect of gene therapy. We discussed the gene delivery systems that commonly used in research and clinic, and our gene delivery system development services.
Learn More: https://www.creative-biolabs.com/
5:30
Medical Video Lecture: Structural genes of HIV, Microbiology
FREE FREE FREE !!! FIGURE1 medical app: Discover medical cases from every specialty their ...
published: 22 Jun 2014
Medical Video Lecture: Structural genes of HIV, Microbiology
Medical Video Lecture: Structural genes of HIV, Microbiology
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- published: 22 Jun 2014
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FREE FREE FREE !!! FIGURE1 medical app: Discover medical cases from every specialty their views and advice DOWNLOAD NOW http://download.figure1.com/greenglobe
Prepare for USMLE,UK,CANADIAN,AUSTRALIAN, NURSING & OTHER MEDICAL BOARD examinations around the globe with us.Understand the basics, concepts and how to answer wisely and score 99 in each step. we are here to help you. What are you waiting for subscribe now!!!
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0:39
Retrovirus | Mechanism of Retrovirus | Reverse Transcriptase
Animated and descriptive video on Retrovirus and Reverse Transcriptase
published: 14 Mar 2014
Retrovirus | Mechanism of Retrovirus | Reverse Transcriptase
Retrovirus | Mechanism of Retrovirus | Reverse Transcriptase
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- published: 14 Mar 2014
- views: 83933
Animated and descriptive video on Retrovirus and Reverse Transcriptase
0:15
HIV components
HIV is a Lentivirus, part of the Retroviridae. The virion contains single-stranded RNA, wi...
published: 26 Aug 2019
HIV components
HIV components
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- published: 26 Aug 2019
- views: 5315
HIV is a Lentivirus, part of the Retroviridae. The virion contains single-stranded RNA, wich is into the hosts genome upon retro-transcription into DNA.
The integrated form of HIV-1 is known as the provirus, which is approximately 9.8 kilobases in length. The genes of HIV are located in the central region of the proviral DNA and encode at least nine proteins. The major structural proteins, Gag, Pol, and Env; the regulatory proteins, Tat and Rev and the accessory proteins, Vpu, Vpr, Vif, and Nef.
HIV transcription is mediated by a single promoter in the 5' LTR. Expression from the 5' LTR generates a 9-kb primary transcript that has the potential to encode all nine HIV genes. The primary transcript can be spliced into one of more than 30 mRNA species or packaged without further modification into virion particles (to serve as the viral RNA genome). We have depicted the complex virion with its different components.
HIV research has revealed many fascinating insights into the molecular biology of gene regulation and the immune system. However, while modern therapy allows infected individuals to live a widely normal life nowadays, many challenges remain. These include stable transfection rates, access to medication including preventive medicine and suitable treatments for children.
10:42
Virus DNA in human genome (evolution by infection)
If it wasn't for virus DNA in human genome, humans would NOT exist. The evolution of the m...
published: 27 Mar 2019
Virus DNA in human genome (evolution by infection)
Virus DNA in human genome (evolution by infection)
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- published: 27 Mar 2019
- views: 36674
If it wasn't for virus DNA in human genome, humans would NOT exist. The evolution of the mammalian placenta has happened because of endogenous retroviruses. The viruses in human genome have come from infections millions of years ago that have stayed around in our DNA.
The human endogenous retroviruses are on longer functional viruses capable of infecting. Instead, what's left in the human genome are parts of these viruses, specific important genes. These are the critical genes for placental evolution. Placental mammals have adopted these genes in a wonderful way, and turned a tool used by viruses to infect cells into a tool for creating the placenta.
The evolution of the mammalian placenta is not a rare, one time event. Instead, the evolution of the mammalian placenta has occurred over and over. What's even more astounding is that the placenta has evolved in non-mammalian species as well.
We humans need retrovirus genes for our development. We descend from viruses.
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Resources
The original article finding the viral origins of human syncytins
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10693809
A review article on the placentation and captured env-genes
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2012.05.005
OPEN - Another thorough review of placentation and retroviruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3758191/
OPEN – A concise review of retroviruses and the evolution of the placenta
https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/109/7/2184.full.pdf
OPEN - A general review of retroviruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK19382/
A general review on endogenous retroviruses, retroviruses that are part of our genome
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18694346
OPEN - Description of the membrane protein recognized by env
https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/105/45/17532.full.pdf
Description of the workings of the placenta
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15507270
An article describing a hyena env-gene. Also fresh source for the timeline of syncytin captures. Here Heidmann and colleagues also talk about their model for placental formation.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30463979
OPEN - Finding of Syncytin-Car1, a syncytin functional in the whole Carnivora order
https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/109/7/E432.full.pdf
OPEN – Blocking mice syncytin disrupts the formation of their placenta
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19564597
OPEN - Description of the envV syncytin.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23555306
OPEN – The Mabuya syncytin
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5754801/pdf/pnas.201714590.pdf
--
Credits
Graph of the family tree of mammals and times of Syncytin domestication based on a graph from this hyena env article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30463979
3D-model of Syncytin 2 adopted from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16140326
Cell video - Toshiyuki Hatano, Greenfield Sluder (2011) CIL:34849, Homo sapiens, retinal pigment epithelium. CIL. Dataset. https://doi.org/doi:10.7295/W9CIL34849
Chromosomes adopted from an image by National Human Genome Research Institute
HIV- virion - CDC/ Maureen Metcalfe, Tom Hodge
HIV close up image - CDC/ A. Harrison; Dr. P. Feorino
HIV -budding-out - CDC
Tab V, fetus with umbilical cord and placenta - Wellcome Collection. Creative Commons Attribution [CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)] https://wellcomecollection.org/works/pnbunkzq
human embryo - Ed Uthman - [CC BY 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
)] https://www.flickr.com/photos/euthman/548063929
Staphylococcus - NIAID - Attribution 2.0 Generic [CC BY 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)] https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Staphylococcus_epidermidis_Bacteria_%285613984108%29.jpg
Eosinophils in Peripheral Blood Smear - Ed Uthman - Attribution 2.0 Generic [CC BY 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)] https://www.flickr.com/photos/euthman/4746281402
Lizards:
Mabuya - Izalete Tavares - Attribution 2.0 Generic [CC BY 2.0(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)]
https://flic.kr/p/pjjBQU
Long-tailed_Skink_(Mabuya_longicaudata)_長尾南蜥2 - Thomas Brown [CC BY 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)]
Mabuya mabouya - Mark Stevens - Attribution 2.0 Generic [CC BY 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)] https://www.flickr.com/photos/46679531@N02/4288472733
Bronze_Grass_Skink_(Mabuya_macularia)_W_IMG_2753 - J.M.Garg - J.M.Garg [CC BY 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)]
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Bronze_Grass_Skink_%28Mabuya_macularia%29_W_IMG_2753.jpg
File:Bronze Grass Skink (Mabuya macularia) W IMG 9977 - J.M.Garg - J.M.Garg [CC BY 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)]
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Bronze_Grass_Skink_%28Mabuya_macularia%29_W_IMG_9977.jpg
10:46
Env Adapt 10 Transcriptomics
Environmental adaptation of animals: lecture 10 transcriptomics
published: 21 Jan 2021
Env Adapt 10 Transcriptomics
Env Adapt 10 Transcriptomics
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- published: 21 Jan 2021
- views: 14
Environmental adaptation of animals: lecture 10 transcriptomics
0:21
Medical vocabulary: What does Gene Products, env mean
What does Gene Products, env mean in English?
published: 19 Jan 2016
Medical vocabulary: What does Gene Products, env mean
Medical vocabulary: What does Gene Products, env mean
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- published: 19 Jan 2016
- views: 12
What does Gene Products, env mean in English?
2:36
How the HIV Infection Cycle Works - Animated microbiology
📌 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐨𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦:- https://www.instagram.com/drgbhanuprakash
📌𝗝𝗼𝗶𝗻 𝗢𝘂𝗿 𝗧𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻...
published: 31 Jan 2019
How the HIV Infection Cycle Works - Animated microbiology
How the HIV Infection Cycle Works - Animated microbiology
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- published: 31 Jan 2019
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📌 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐨𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦:- https://www.instagram.com/drgbhanuprakash
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How the HIV Infection Cycle Works - Animated microbiology
HIV gradually destroys the immune system by attacking and destroying a type of white blood cell called a CD4 cell. CD4 cells play a major role in protecting the body from infection.
HIV uses the machinery of the CD4 cells to multiply and spread throughout the body. This process, which is carried out in seven steps or stages, is called the HIV life cycle. HIV medicines protect the immune system by blocking HIV at different stages of the HIV life cycle.
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the use of HIV medicines to treat HIV infection. People on ART take a combination of HIV medicines from at least two different HIV drug classes every day. Because each class of drugs is designed to target a specific step in the HIV life cycle, ART is very effective at preventing HIV from multiplying.
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The Basics of the Recombinant Lentivirus System
How do recombinant lentivirus systems work? Lentiviruses are members of the Retroviridae f...
published: 25 Nov 2016
The Basics of the Recombinant Lentivirus System
The Basics of the Recombinant Lentivirus System
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- published: 25 Nov 2016
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How do recombinant lentivirus systems work? Lentiviruses are members of the Retroviridae family of viruses, with HIV-1 being the most widely studied. Lentiviral vectors are able to deliver genes into a broad range of mammalian cell lines and tissue types and to infect both dividing and non-dividing cells. Recombinant lentivirus systems and lentiviral transfection/transduction are powerful tools and methods for gene delivery and gene therapy. Because they can stably integrate transgenes into the host genome, lentiviruses are unique tools for generating stable cell lines for long term expression. In this video we will introduce you to the basic structure and genome map of the HIV Lentivirus and explain the differences and advantages of using first, second, and third generation recombinant lentivirus packaging systems. In the recombinant system, the HIV lentiviral genome is split into multiple plasmids (e.g. lentiviral transfer plasmids, packaging plasmids and envelop plasmids) that are delivered separately to ensure the introduced lentivirus cannot replicate in host cells. Thus, though natural lentiviruses such as HIV, SIV, FIV, EIAV, and Visna can cause chronic and even fatal diseases, scientists have managed to reduce the biosafety risks to a minimal level and convert this group of viruses into a tool for research and treatment of diseases such as cancers.
For more information on the recombinant lentivirus expression system and for a list of the sources used, please visit:
➜ Knowledge Base: https://info.abmgood.com/lentivirus-system-introduction
Check out our other video series:
➜ Cell Culture - An Introduction: https://youtu.be/RpDke-Sadzo
➜ CRISPR Cas9: https://youtu.be/1aJxXWkE3Ek?list=PLTt9kKfqE_0Ei8_rQsrfm01-zQtABTn0Z
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Env (gene)
Env is a viral protein that serves to form the viral envelope. The expression of the env gene enables retroviruses to target and attach to specific cell types, and to infiltrate the target cell membrane.
Analysis of the structure and sequence of several different env genes suggests that Env proteins are type 1 fusion machines. Type 1 fusion machines initially bind a receptor on the target cell surface, which triggers a conformational change, allowing for binding of the fusion protein. The fusion peptide inserts itself in the host cell membrane and brings the host cell membrane very close to the viral membrane to facilitate membrane fusion.
While there are significant differences in sequence of the env gene between retroviruses, the gene is always located downstream of gag, pro, and pol. The env mRNA must be spliced for expression.
The mature product of the env gene is the viral spike protein, which has two main parts: the surface protein (SU) and the transmembrane protein (TM). The tropism of the virus is determined by the SU protein domain because it is responsible for the receptor-binding function of the virus. The SU domain therefore determines the specificity of the virus for a single receptor molecule.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Env_(gene)
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Rain
by: Cowboy BebopI don't feel a thing
and I stopped remembering
The days are just like moments turned to hours
Mother Used to say
if you want, you'll find a way
But mother never danced through fire showers
Walk in the rain, in the rain, in the rain
I walk in the rain, in the rain
Is it right or is it wrong
and is it here that I belong
I don't hear a sound
Silent faces in the ground
The quiet screams, but I refuse to listen
If there is a hell
I'm sure this is how it smells
Wish this were a dream, but no, it isn't
Walk in the rain, in the rain, in the rain
I walk in the rain, in the rain
Am I right or am I wrong
and is it here that I belong
Walk in the rain, in the rain, in the rain
I walk in the rain, in the rain
Why do I feel so alone