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Croydon FC Vs Croydon Ath youth cup final 5th May 2011. Pt1
Croydon FC v Bedfont Sports
croydon fc  vs selsdon junior eagles  U15
Epsom & Ewell v Croydon FC
Coney Hall FC U15  vs  Croydon FC  U15                  27/2/11
Croydon FC  vs Leatherhead   U15
Croydon Football Club
Croydon FC Vs Croydon Ath youth cup final 5th May 2011. Pt2
Croydon fc   V   Tulse Hill  U15   19/9/10
Croydon fc   V   Whyteleafe     U15
Croydon FC  vs Seymour Villa  U15
Croydon FC  V Tule Hill   U15     19/9/10

Croydon Fc

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Croydon FC Vs Croydon Ath youth cup final 5th May 2011. Pt1
  • Order:
  • Duration: 10:27
  • Updated: 06 May 2011
Team talk, pre game. Venue - Sutton Utd.
  • published: 06 May 2011
  • views: 367
  • author: syrupno1
http://web.archive.org./web/20131014210723/http://wn.com/Croydon FC Vs Croydon Ath youth cup final 5th May 2011. Pt1
Croydon FC v Bedfont Sports
  • Order:
  • Duration: 10:47
  • Updated: 25 Aug 2012
Cherry Red Records Combined Counties Premier Division 25th August 2012 Croydon Arena.
  • published: 25 Aug 2012
  • views: 860
  • author: TheTRStv
http://web.archive.org./web/20131014210723/http://wn.com/Croydon FC v Bedfont Sports
Epsom & Ewell v Croydon FC
  • Order:
  • Duration: 3:00
  • Updated: 14 Oct 2012
Cherry Red Records Combined Counties Premier Division 8th February 2011 Moatside (Merstham FC) Goalscorers: Christian Howell (0-1), Ben Hayward (1-1), Leon M...
  • published: 09 Feb 2011
  • views: 1445
  • author: TheTRStv
http://web.archive.org./web/20131014210723/http://wn.com/Epsom & Ewell v Croydon FC
Coney Hall FC U15  vs  Croydon FC  U15                  27/2/11
  • Order:
  • Duration: 3:06
  • Updated: 24 Jul 2013
Coney Hall 1-0 Croydon.
  • published: 27 Feb 2011
  • views: 741
  • author: Harry Beck
http://web.archive.org./web/20131014210723/http://wn.com/Coney Hall FC U15 vs Croydon FC U15 27/2/11
Croydon FC  vs Leatherhead   U15
  • Order:
  • Duration: 5:35
  • Updated: 20 Jan 2012
CUP GAME.
  • published: 08 Nov 2010
  • views: 366
  • author: Harry Beck
http://web.archive.org./web/20131014210723/http://wn.com/Croydon FC vs Leatherhead U15
Croydon Football Club
  • Order:
  • Duration: 1:27
  • Updated: 05 Aug 2013
Croydon F.C vs Egham Town Saturday November 12th Kick Off 3pm Croydon Arena Albert Road South Norwood SE25 4QL.
  • published: 11 Nov 2011
  • views: 223
  • author: THETRAMS
http://web.archive.org./web/20131014210723/http://wn.com/Croydon Football Club
Croydon FC Vs Croydon Ath youth cup final 5th May 2011. Pt2
  • Order:
  • Duration: 10:27
  • Updated: 06 May 2011
1-0 down at 9 mins, 2-0 down at 29 mins. This is the half-time team talk. Did go onto to play a lot better in the second half with six shots on goal and one ...
  • published: 06 May 2011
  • views: 289
  • author: syrupno1
http://web.archive.org./web/20131014210723/http://wn.com/Croydon FC Vs Croydon Ath youth cup final 5th May 2011. Pt2
Croydon fc   V   Whyteleafe     U15
  • Order:
  • Duration: 2:14
  • Updated: 13 Mar 2012
26/9/10.
  • published: 27 Sep 2010
  • views: 272
  • author: Harry Beck
http://web.archive.org./web/20131014210723/http://wn.com/Croydon fc V Whyteleafe U15
Croydon fc  vs Selsdon   U15
  • Order:
  • Duration: 1:04
  • Updated: 14 Nov 2010

  • published: 14 Nov 2010
  • views: 419
  • author: Harry Beck
http://web.archive.org./web/20131014210723/http://wn.com/Croydon fc vs Selsdon U15
Coney Hall FC U15  vs  Croydon FC  U15          27/2/11
  • Order:
  • Duration: 8:01
  • Updated: 24 Jun 2011
Coney Hall 1-0 Croydon.
  • published: 27 Feb 2011
  • views: 487
  • author: Harry Beck
http://web.archive.org./web/20131014210723/http://wn.com/Coney Hall FC U15 vs Croydon FC U15 27/2/11

Team talk, pre game. Venue - Sutton Utd.
  • published: 06 May 2011
  • views: 367
  • author: syrupno1

10:27
Croy­don FC Vs Croy­don Ath youth cup final 5th May 2011. Pt1
Team talk, pre game. Venue - Sut­ton Utd....
pub­lished: 06 May 2011
au­thor: syrup­no1
10:47
Croy­don FC v Bed­font Sports
Cher­ry Red Records Com­bined Coun­ties Pre­mier Di­vi­sion 25th Au­gust 2012 Croy­don Arena....
pub­lished: 25 Aug 2012
au­thor: TheTRStv
2:01
croy­don fc vs sels­don ju­nior ea­gles U15
...
pub­lished: 24 Oct 2010
au­thor: Harry Beck
3:00
Epsom & Ewell v Croy­don FC
Cher­ry Red Records Com­bined Coun­ties Pre­mier Di­vi­sion 8th Febru­ary 2011 Moat­side (Mer­stham...
pub­lished: 09 Feb 2011
au­thor: TheTRStv
3:06
Coney Hall FC U15 vs Croy­don FC U15 27/2/11
Coney Hall 1-0 Croy­don....
pub­lished: 27 Feb 2011
au­thor: Harry Beck
5:35
Croy­don FC vs Leather­head U15
CUP GAME....
pub­lished: 08 Nov 2010
au­thor: Harry Beck
1:27
Croy­don Foot­ball Club
Croy­don F.C vs Egham Town Sat­ur­day Novem­ber 12th Kick Off 3pm Croy­don Arena Al­bert Road So...
pub­lished: 11 Nov 2011
au­thor: THETRAMS
10:27
Croy­don FC Vs Croy­don Ath youth cup final 5th May 2011. Pt2
1-0 down at 9 mins, 2-0 down at 29 mins. This is the half-time team talk. Did go onto to p...
pub­lished: 06 May 2011
au­thor: syrup­no1
4:33
Croy­don fc V Tulse Hill U15 19/9/10
...
pub­lished: 19 Sep 2010
au­thor: Harry Beck
2:14
Croy­don fc V Whyte­leafe U15
26/9/10....
pub­lished: 27 Sep 2010
au­thor: Harry Beck
1:05
Croy­don FC vs Sey­mour Villa U15
...
pub­lished: 29 Aug 2010
au­thor: Harry Beck
2:03
Croy­don FC V Tule Hill U15 19/9/10
...
pub­lished: 19 Sep 2010
au­thor: Harry Beck
1:04
Croy­don fc vs Sels­don U15
...
pub­lished: 14 Nov 2010
au­thor: Harry Beck
8:01
Coney Hall FC U15 vs Croy­don FC U15 27/2/11
Coney Hall 1-0 Croy­don....
pub­lished: 27 Feb 2011
au­thor: Harry Beck
Youtube results:
0:46
Croy­don FC vs Tulse Hill U14 18/4/10
2-1....
pub­lished: 18 Apr 2010
au­thor: Harry Beck
1:01
croy­don fc vs sels­don ju­nior ea­gles U15
...
pub­lished: 24 Oct 2010
au­thor: Harry Beck
1:28
Croy­don fc V Whyte­leafe U15
26/9/10....
pub­lished: 27 Sep 2010
au­thor: Harry Beck
0:43
Croy­don fc v Tulse Hill U15 19/9/10
...
pub­lished: 19 Sep 2010
au­thor: Harry Beck
×
photo: AP
EDS NOTE: GRAPHIC CONTENT - Villagers stand near the bodies of victims of a stampede in Datia district in Madhya Pradesh state, India, Sunday, Oct. 13, 2013.
Edit Dawn
14 Oct 2013
NEW DELHI. A stampede by masses of Hindu worshippers crossing a bridge to a temple in central India left at least 109 people dead Sunday, police said. “The latest information we have from the ground is that 109 people killed and 133 were injured,” Anand Mishra, an officer in the Datia police district's control room, told AFP by phone ... People retaliated by hurling stones at officers, and one officer was badly injured ... ....(size: 2.0Kb)
photo: US Army file/Spc. Harold Fields
US confirms the capture top Pakistani Taliban leader
Edit The Siasat Daily
12 Oct 2013
October 11.. American troops have captured second in command of Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), Latif Mehsud, officials here have confirmed . However, officials did not confirm the place and date where the top TTP leader was captured. "I can confirm that US forces did capture TTP terrorist leader Latif Mehsud in a military operation ... Recommend Twitter. Comments(0). next>>  . Latest News....(size: 2.3Kb)




Edit Houston Chronicle
14 Oct 2013
The danger of riding between the pavement and large stationary vehicles is the focus of a new cycling safety initiative launched this week by Croydon Council. Croydon (PRWEB UK) 14 October 2013. The danger of riding between the pavement and large stationary vehicles is the focus of a new cycling safety initiative launched this week by Croydon Council....(size: 3.2Kb)
Edit Stuff
14 Oct 2013
Two Taranaki men are blaming their flatmate for the huge haul of cannabis at their home. Aaron Mark Tobeck, 27, an operator of Stratford, and Kyle John Emeny, 39, a mechanic of Toko, deny that more than 3kg of cannabis police found drying in their Croydon Rd home in Stratford on April 26 was theirs. Because of the large quantities Tobeck, Emeny and their flatmate Luke Smith were all charged with cultivating the Class C drug for sale ... ....(size: 2.3Kb)
Edit noodls
14 Oct 2013
(Source. UK Mail Group plc) ... Special category awards are for excellence and step change to the sector ... UK Mail's apprentice scheme 'AppForThat' was initially trialled at their depots in Milton Keynes, Leeds, Runcorn and Croydon where young unemployed people were recruited to work in the Mail Sort Centres, as Customer Care Advisors or Warehouse Operatives ... distributed by ... (noodl. 20488881) ....(size: 2.6Kb)
Edit The Guardian
14 Oct 2013
Culture may be caught in a vicious cycle of cuts, but all is not lost if we look to this black actor's legacy, says Tayo Aluko ... Photograph. Stuart Hollis ... That leader? Hitler ... Call Mr Robeson was the last play at Croydon's Warehouse Theatre and I have performed in many other venues that are so cash-strapped that they don't have enough marketing budget to attract punters in sufficient numbers to bring in a decent box office income ... ....(size: 5.2Kb)
Edit noodls
14 Oct 2013
(Source. British Transport Police) This content requires the Adobe Flash Player. Get Flash. 14/10/2013 16.37.00 ... PC Amanda Timlin, leading the investigation, said ... Notes to Editors. ... John Ellul ... e ... BTP deals with major and minor crime, disorder and incidents, and covers the rail system in England, Wales and Scotland, including London Underground, Docklands Light Railway, the Glasgow Subway and the Midland Metro and Croydon Tramlink systems....(size: 5.4Kb)
Edit London Evening Standard
14 Oct 2013
Rumours about sharp-elbowed parents engineering places for their children are common at over-subscribed London schools, but this year the situation in this quiet corner of Camden has been especially acrimonious ... We found that more than half of London boroughs, 16 in total, do not have a rule against “additional renting” in their admissions code, including Southwark, Tower Hamlets, Ealing, Croydon and Haringey ... It goes on ... ....(size: 6.1Kb)
Edit The Guardian
13 Oct 2013
Boris Johnson and Ni Zhaoxing at the Crystal Palace launch event. Photograph. Sarah Lee for the Guardian ... Truth is, from that first fire in 1866 the place was doomed ... Video ... As Inside Croydon reports, Martin Tempia, chair of the Crystal Palace Park Community Stakeholder Group (CSG), which has been working with the council on a long-term future for the park, says he only became aware of the involvement of ZhongRong very recently ... ....(size: 4.0Kb)
Edit Philadelphia Daily News
13 Oct 2013
Travel Deals. $159 & up -- Atlantis Bahamas Fall Sale, up to 65% Off.  . See all travel deals ». Walter F. Naedele, Inquirer Staff Writer. Posted. Sunday, October 13, 2013, 2.02 AM. From the 1950s into the 1970s, William V. Zemitis was a teacher of adults at Sunday schools in South Jersey ... said. Mr ... On Saturday, Oct. 5, Mr ... Mr ... Until he could become proficient, he took his first job, with a soap manufacturer in Croydon, Bucks County ... ....(size: 4.5Kb)
Edit Digital Spy
13 Oct 2013
X Factor series 10's Live Shows kicked off with an '80s Week theme. Joy Division, Billy Bragg, C86, Metallica and the Beastie Boys were all surprisingly snubbed as song choices in favour of Whitney, Bryan Adams and Phil Collins. Who would ever accuse The X Factor of being predictable?. © REX/Tom Dymond/Thames. The judges enter the stage for the first live show ... I've seen better performances on karaoke nights at Croydon's Tiger Tiger....(size: 15.9Kb)
Edit The Examiner
13 Oct 2013
The 2013 Great American Beer Festival is now history as of Saturday, October 12, 2013. This year’s Brewers Association sponsored competition was the largest and most competitive yet, with 4,809 beers competing for Gold, Silver, and Bronze medals. A total of 732 breweries took part in the competition, also a record, and tickets sold out in a matter of minutes ... Brewing Co, Hays, KS ... Churchville Lager, Neshaminy Creek Brewing, Croydon, PA ... ....(size: 24.6Kb)
Edit noodls
12 Oct 2013
Reid was born in Croydon and has been a Palace supporter all her life and has great memories of watching the games at Selhurst for many years ... competition is determined by getting the votes from the public so the Croydon born presenter is hoping Palace fans will make sure their telephone lines are hitting the right note for her on a Saturday night....(size: 3.2Kb)
Edit The Times of India
12 Oct 2013
Reacting to the government's decision to implement the amended Goa Land (Prohibition on Construction) Act, 1995, which states that all old illegal structures on comunidade land would be regularized, Croydon Medeira, president of Collective People's Voice of ......(size: 1.3Kb)
Edit noodls
12 Oct 2013
(Source. National Assembly for Wales). Martyn Croydon, who is originally from Kidderminster, was unveiled as this year's winner of the competition at the National Eisteddfod in Denbigh. Martyn fell in love with Llŷn on family holidays and it inspired him to want to come to Wales to live and work. He began learning Welsh using books and by going online, but after moving to Wales he enrolled at Welsh lessons in Pwllheli ... distributed by....(size: 2.4Kb)
Croydon
Official crest
Full name Croydon Football Club
Nickname(s) The Trams
Founded 1953 (as Croydon Amateurs)
Ground Croydon Arena
Croydon
(Capacity: 8,000)
Chairman Dickson Gill
Manager John Fowler
League Combined Counties League Premier Division
2011–12 Combined Counties League Premier Division, 16th
Website Club home page
Home colours
Away colours

Croydon F.C. is an English semi-professional football club based in Croydon, Greater London, England. Until 2006, they played in the Isthmian League, but lost their place in that league as part of the 2006 re-structuring of non-league football, and now play in the Combined Counties League. They play at Croydon Sports Arena in South Norwood. The club was founded in 1953 as Croydon Amateurs.

Contents

History[link]

The club was founded in 1953 as Croydon Amateurs FC, the club spent their first 10 years in the Surrey Senior League but failed to win the championship. In 1963–64, they joined the Spartan League, winning the league title in their only season in the competition. 1964 saw them join the Athenian League where they spent the next ten years, winning the Second Division title in 1965–66, being relegated four years later and then gaining two successive promotions to the Premier Division as runners-up to Herne Bay (1970–71) and Harlow Town (1971–72) under Jimmy Rose. 1973 saw the suffix Amateurs dropped due to the impending changes to the status of players and a year later, under the management of Ted Shepherd, election to the expanding Isthmian League.

Two seasons later, after an unbeaten 1975–76 campaign, the club gained promotion to the Isthmian's top division – initially titled Division One but then retitled the Premier Division where they spent twelve seasons before deserved relegation to the First Division in 1989. A further relegation followed in 1994, but following reorganisation, they were promoted back to Division One within two seasons. The club's first Isthmian League title – champions of Division One followed in 2000, before relegation back two years later.

The non-league scene was reorganised at the end of the 2005–06 season and this restructuring saw them placed in the Kent League where following a third place finish in 2006–07, the club has finished in mid-table the last two years. 2008–09 culminated with success in the Kent League Cup after a penalty shootout win over Erith Town.

That turned out to be the club's final Kent League fixture as they have now shuffled sideways into the Combined Counties League (a competition which evolved from the Surrey Senior League) for the 2009–10 season, effectively back where they spent their first ten years.

Current squad[link]

Squad as of 30 April 2012. Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Position Player
England GK Francis Ameyaw
England DF Dammy Bada
England DF Eamon Gaughan
England DF Danny Davenport
England DF James Cecil
England DF Mark Cecil (Player/Coach)
England DF Joshua Reddington-Thomas
England DF Jamie Marriott
England MF Jason Thompson
England MF Ryan Fowler
No. Position Player
England MF Dan Nwanze
England MF Aaron Smith
England MF Lewis Longhurst
England MF Jason Pinnock
Portugal MF Jose Lino Goncalves
England FW Sean Rivers
Argentina FW Claudio de Almeida
England FW Tom Pratt
England FW Leon McDowell
England FW Martin Bugden

Nickname[link]

The club's nickname "The Trams" was adopted around 2000 when the Croydon Tramlink system was installed and runs round the back of the ground, Arena being the closest stop less than 2 minutes walk from the turnstiles.

Club honours[link]

Club records[link]

  • Record attendance:
    • At The Arena – 1 November 1975 – 1450 v Wycombe Wanderers (FA Cup 4th Qualifying Round)
    • At Selhurst Park – 15 December 1979 – 9809 v Millwall (FA Cup Second Round)
  • Record Goalscorers – Fred Morris (1959–64 – 159 goals), Tony Luckett (1962–73 – 125 goals), Peter McCluskey (1953–63 – 124 goals), Alec Jackson (1977–88 – 111 goals)
  • Record Appearances – Alec Jackson (1977–88 – 441 plus 9 as sub), Tony Luckett (1962–73 – 409 plus 1 as sub)
  • Record Win – 21 January 1961 home v Banstead Athletic 11–0 Surrey Senior League
  • Record Defeat – 19 March 1994 away v Staines Town 0–14 Isthmian League, 2 April 1994 away v Berkhamsted Town 1–14 Isthmian League
  • Best league position: 4th in Isthmian League, Premier Division (then level 6), 1985–86
  • Best FA Cup performance: 2nd round, 1979–80
  • Best FA Trophy performance: 2nd round, 1981–82, 1982–83

References[link]

  • Croydon at the Football Club History Database

External links[link]

http://wn.com/Croydon_F.C.




This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croydon_F.C.

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.


Coordinates: 51°22′22″N 0°06′36″W / 51.3727°N 0.1099°W / 51.3727; -0.1099

Croydon
Croydon skyline 2.jpg
View of the Croydon town centre skyline, as seen from the Colonnades
Croydon is located in Greater London
Croydon

 Croydon shown within Greater London
Population 330,587 
OS grid reference TQ335655
    - Charing Cross 9.5 mi (15.3 km)  N
London borough Croydon
Ceremonial county Greater London
Region London
Country England
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Post town CROYDON
Postcode district CR0 CR9
Dialling code 020
Police Metropolitan
Fire London
Ambulance London
EU Parliament London
UK Parliament Croydon Central
Croydon North
Croydon South
London Assembly Croydon and Sutton
List of places: UK • England • London

Croydon is a large town in South London, England, located within the London Borough of Croydon to which it gives its name. It is situated 9.5 miles (15.3 km) south of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 11 metropolitan centres in Greater London.[1]

Croydon is located on the natural transport corridor between London and England's south coast, just to the north of two gaps in the North Downs, one followed by the route of the A23 Brighton Road from Purley to Merstham and the other followed by the A22 from Purley to the M25 Godstone interchange.

Historically a part of Surrey, at the time of the Norman conquest of England Croydon had a church, a mill and around 365 inhabitants (as recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086). Croydon expanded during the Middle Ages as a market town and a centre for charcoal production, leather tanning and brewing. The Surrey Iron Railway from Croydon to Wandsworth opened in 1803 and was the world's first public horse-drawn railway, which later developed into an important means of transport – facilitating Croydon's growth as a commuter town for the City of London and beyond. By the early 20th century, Croydon was an important industrial area, known for car manufacture, metal working and its airport. In the mid 20th century these sectors were replaced by retailing and service economy, brought about by massive redevelopment which saw the rise of office blocks and the Whitgift shopping centre. Croydon was amalgamated into Greater London in 1965. Road traffic is now diverted away from a largely pedestrianised town centre, but its main railway station, East Croydon, is still a major hub within the national railway transport system. The town is expected to have its urban planning changed as part of Croydon Vision 2020.

Contents

History[link]

Toponymy[link]

As the vast majority of place-names in the area are of Anglo-Saxon origin, the most likely theory is that the name Croydon derives originally from the Anglo-Saxon croh, meaning "crocus" and denu 'valley', indicating that, like Saffron Walden in Essex, it was a centre for the collection of saffron.[2]

There is an alternative if less probable theory of the origin of the name. According to John Corbett Anderson,[3] "The earliest mention of Croydon is in the joint will of Beorhtric and Aelfswth, dated about the year 962. In this Anglo-Saxon document the name is spelt (here he uses original script) Crogdaene. Crog was, and still is, the Norse or Danish word for crooked, which is expressed in Anglo-Saxon by crumb, a totally different word. From the Danish came our crook and crooked. This term accurately describes the locality; it is a crooked or winding valley; in reference to the valley that runs in an oblique and serpentine course from Godstone to Croydon." Anderson refuted a claim, originally cited by Andrew Coltee Ducarel, that the name came from the Old French for 'chalk hill', because the name was in use at least a century before the French language would have been commonly used following the Norman Invasion. However, there was no long-term Danish occupation (see Danelaw) in Surrey, which was part of Wessex, and Danish derived nomenclature is highly unlikely.

Early history[link]

The modern town lies on the line of the London to Portslade Roman road, and there is some archaeological evidence for small-scale Roman settlement in the area: it is possible that the future town was the location of a mansio, or staging-post.[4][5][6] Later, in the 5th to 7th centuries, a large Saxon pagan cemetery was situated on what is now Park Lane, although the extent of any associated settlement is unknown.[7][8]

By the late Saxon period Croydon was the hub of a large estate belonging to the Archbishops of Canterbury. The church and the archbishops' manor house occupied the area still known as Old Town. The archbishops used the manor house as an occasional place of residence: as lords of the manor they dominated the life of the town well into the early modern period, and as local patrons they have continued to have an influence up to the present day.[9] Croydon appears in Domesday Book (1086) as Croindene, held by Archbishop Lanfranc. Its Domesday assets were: 16 hides and 1 virgate; 1 church, 1 mill worth 5s, 38 ploughs, 8 acres (32,000 m2) of meadow, woodland worth 200 hogs. It rendered £37 10s 0d.[10]

The church had been established in the middle Saxon period, and was probably a minster church, serving as a base for a group of clergy living a communal life. A charter issued by King Coenwulf of Mercia refers to a council which had taken place close to what is called the monasterium (meaning minster) of Croydon.[11] An Anglo-Saxon will made in about 960 is witnessed by Elfsies, priest of Croydon; and the church is also mentioned in Domesday Book. The will of John de Croydon, fishmonger, dated 6 December 1347, includes a bequest to "the church of S John de Croydon", the earliest clear record of its dedication. The church still bears the arms of Archbishop Courtenay and Archbishop Chicheley, believed to have been its benefactors.

In 1276 Archbishop Robert Kilwardby acquired a charter for a weekly market, and this probably marks the foundation of Croydon as an urban centre.[12] Croydon developed into one of the main market towns of northeast Surrey. The market place was laid out on the higher ground to the east of the manor house in the triangle now bounded by High Street, Surrey Street and Crown Hill. By the 16th century the manor house had become a substantial palace used as the main summer home of the archbishops, visited by monarchs and other dignitaries. The original palace was sold in 1781, by then dilapidated and surrounded by slums and stagnant ponds, and a new residence, nearby at Addington, purchased in its place. Many of the buildings of the original Croydon Palace survive, and are in use today as Old Palace School.

The Parish Church (now Croydon Minster) is a Perpendicular-style church, which was remodelled in 1849 but destroyed in a great fire in 1867, following which only the tower, south porch, and outer walls remained. A new church was designed by Sir George Gilbert Scott, one of the greatest architects of the Victorian age, and opened in 1870. His design loosely followed the previous layout, with knapped flint facing and many of the original features, including several important tombs. Croydon Parish Church is the burial place of six Archbishops of Canterbury: John Whitgift, Edmund Grindal, Gilbert Sheldon, William Wake, John Potter and Thomas Herring. Historically part of the Diocese of Canterbury, Croydon is now in the Diocese of Southwark. The Vicar of Croydon is an important post, in addition to the suffragan Bishop of Croydon.

Addington Palace is a Palladian-style mansion between Addington Village and Shirley, within the boundaries of the London Borough of Croydon. Six archbishops lived there between 1807 and 1898, when it was sold. Between 1953 and 1996 it was the home of the Royal School of Church Music. It is now a conference and banqueting venue.

Croydon was also a major leisure destination in the mid-19th Century. In 1831, one of England’s most prominent architects, Decimus Burton, designed a spa and pleasure gardens below Beulah Hill and off what is now Spa Hill in a bowl of land on the south facing side of the hill around a spring of chalybeate water. Burton was responsible for the Beulah Spa Hotel (demolished c1935) and the layout of the grounds.[13] Its official title was The Royal Beulah Spa and Gardens. It became a popular society venue attracting large crowds to its fêtes. One widely publicized event was a "Grand Scottish Fete" on 16 September 1834 "with a tightrope performance by Pablo Fanque, the black circus performer who would later dominate the Victorian circus and achieve immortality in The Beatles song, Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite![14] The spa closed in 1856 soon after the opening nearby of The Crystal Palace.[15] The Crystal Palace was rebuilt nearby on Sydenham Hill in 1854, following its success at the great exhibition in Hyde Park. It was destroyed in a spectacular fire in 1936.

The "Whitgift Hospital" almshouses in the centre of Croydon

The Elizabethan Whitgift Almshouses, named the "Hospital of the Holy Trinity", have stood in the centre of Croydon (at the corner of North End and George Street) since they were erected by Archbishop John Whitgift. He had petitioned for and had received permission from Queen Elizabeth I to establish a hospital and school in Croydon for the "poor, needy and impotent people" from the parishes of Croydon and Lambeth. The foundation stone was laid in 1596 and the building was completed in 1599.

The premises included the actual Hospital or Almshouses, providing accommodation for between 28 and 40 people, and a nearby schoolhouse and schoolmaster's house. There was a Warden in charge for the well-being of the almoners. The building is constructed with the chambers of the almoners and various offices surrounding an inner courtyard.

Threatened by various reconstruction plans and road-widening schemes, the Almshouses were saved in 1923 by intervention of the House of Lords. On 21 June 1983 Queen Elizabeth II visited the almshouses and unveiled a plaque celebrating the recently completed reconstruction of the building. On 22 March each year the laying of the foundation stone is commemorated as Founder's Day.

Industrial Revolution and the railway[link]

The development of Brighton as a fashionable resort in the 1780s increased Croydon's role as a significant halt for stage coaches on the road south of London. At the beginning of the 19th century, Croydon became the terminus of two pioneering commercial transport links with London. The first, opened in 1803, was the horse-drawn Surrey Iron Railway from Wandsworth, which in 1805 was extended to Merstham, as the Croydon, Merstham and Godstone Railway. The second, opened in 1809, was the Croydon Canal, which branched off the Grand Surrey Canal at Deptford. The London and Croydon Railway (an atmospheric and steam-powered railway), opened between London Bridge and West Croydon in 1839, using much of the route of the canal (which had closed in 1836), and other connections to London and the south followed.

The arrival of the railways and other communications advances in the 19th century led to a 23-fold increase in Croydon's population between 1801 and 1901.[2] This rapid expansion of the town led to considerable health problems, especially in the damp and overcrowded working class district of the Old Town. In response to this, in 1849 Croydon became one of the first towns in the country to acquire a Local Board of Health. The Board constructed public health infrastructure including a reservoir, and water supply network, and sewers, a pumping station, and sewage disposal works.

A growing town[link]

The growing town attracted many new buildings to be built including No.1 Croydon, formerly the NLA Tower.[16][17]
H.Q. of Nestlé U.K
File:Wellesleysquare.JPG
Saffron Square development in Wellesley Road is now under construction

As the town continued to grow it became especially popular as a pleasant leafy residential suburb for members of the Victorian middle classes, who could commute to the City of London by fast train in 15 minutes. In 1883 Croydon was incorporated as a borough. In 1889 it became a county borough, with a still greater degree of autonomy. The new county borough council implemented the Croydon Improvement scheme in the early 1890s, which resulted in the widening of the High Street and the clearance of much of the 'Middle Row' slum area. The remaining slums were cleared shortly after World War II, with much of the population relocated to the isolated new community at New Addington. New stores opened and expanded in central Croydon, including Allders, Kennards and Grants, and the first Sainsbury's self-service shop in the country.[2] There was also a bustling market on Surrey Street.[18]

Croydon became the location of London's main airport until the second world war. During the war, much of central Croydon was destroyed by German strategic bombing and attacks by V-1 flying bombs and V-2 rockets, and for many years the town bore the scars of the destruction. After the war, Heathrow Airport superseded Croydon Airport as London's main airport.

By the 1950s, with its continuing growth, the town was becoming congested, and the Council decided to introduce another major redevelopment scheme. The Croydon Corporation Act was passed in 1956. This, coupled with government incentives for office relocation out of London, led to the building of new offices and accompanying road schemes through the late 1950s and 1960s, and the town boomed as an important business centre in the 1960s, with the building of a large number of multi-storey office blocks, an underpass, a flyover and multi-storey car parks. In 1960 Croydon celebrated its millennium with an exhibition held at Croydon Aerodrome.

Modern Croydon[link]

In more modern times Croydon has developed an important centre for shopping, with the construction of the Whitgift Centre, which opened in 1969. The Fairfield Halls arts centre and event venue opened in 1962. The Warehouse Theatre opened in 1977. The 1990s saw further changes intended to give the town a more attractive image. These include the closure of North End to vehicles in 1989 and the opening of the Croydon Clocktower arts centre in 1994. A notable early success of the Centre was an exhibition ("Picasso's Croydon Period") of a selection of Picasso artworks between March and May 1995.

Tramlink began operation in May 2000. A new equally large shopping centre, Centrale, opened in 2004 opposite the Whitgift Centre, straddling the site of the smaller Drummond Centre and what was once a large branch of C&A. There are plans for a large new shopping centre, Park Place, which will replace most of the eastern edge of the shopping district including St George's Walk; the possible addition to the town centre of a brand new Westfield shopping facility to add to the two which the company currently has in London; the redevelopment of the Croydon Gateway site; and extensions of Tramlink to Purley Way, Streatham, Lewisham and Crystal Palace.

Croydon has become the second-largest place to shop in the south east, after central London, offering a wide range of shops, department stores and catering establishments, including some upmarket chains not generally seen outside the West End and City. Notable independent traders include House of Reeves, a two-outlet furniture store established in 1867. One of their stores was razed to the ground by an arson attack during a civil disturbance on 8 August 2011.[19] It is home to many high density buildings such as the Nestlé Tower, being London's third main CBD, after the Square Mile and the Docklands, and South London's main business centre. The Croydon area is served by various hospitals of which the main one is Croydon University Hospital in London Road.

The Mayor of London, Boris Johnson, said he would support Croydon becoming an official city[20] and announced £23m of additional funding to help redevelop the town at the Develop Croydon Conference on 22 November 2011.[21] Several luxury Docklands-style apartment developments have been built in recent years, and several more are being built or planned. Saffron Square, which will include an iconic 45 storey tower, is already under construction, and other developments with towers over 50 floors high have been given planning approval. These include a 54 storey "Menta Tower" in Cherry Orchard Road near East Croydon station, and a 55 storey tower at One Landsdowne Road; the latter, on which construction is set to begin in early 2013, is set to be Britain's tallest block of flats, as well as including office space, a 4 star hotel and a health club (source - p. 13, Croydon Advertiser newspaper, 20/01/12).

Status and governance[link]

Croydon Town Hall, Katherine Street

Status[link]

For centuries the area lay within the Wallington hundred, an ancient Anglo-Saxon administrative division of the county of Surrey.[22] In the later middle Ages – probably from the late 13th century onwards – those living in the town of Croydon, as defined by boundary markers known as the "four crosses", enjoyed a degree of self-government through a town court or portmote, and a form of free tenure of property.[23] These privileges set the area of the town apart from its rural hinterland, where the more usual restrictive rules of manorial tenure applied. However, Croydon never held any kind of formal borough status.

In 1690, the leading inhabitants petitioned the King and Queen (William III and Mary) for Croydon to be incorporated as a borough. The application was initially approved, the King authorising the drafting of a charter; but the process was then abruptly halted, apparently through the intervention of Archbishop John Tillotson, who probably feared a threat to his own authority over the town. The application was revived the following year, when Queen Mary similarly authorised a charter, but it was again abandoned. A second petition in 1707 was effectively ignored.[24][25]

Croydon's growth in the 19th century brought the issue of incorporation back on to the political agenda, and in 1883 the town (that is to say, the ancient parish of Croydon, excluding the detached area of Croydon Crook or Selsdon) was finally created a municipal borough of Surrey. In 1889, through its growing economic importance, it was made a county borough exempt from county administration.

In 1965 the County Borough of Croydon was abolished and its former area was transferred to Greater London and combined with that of the Coulsdon and Purley Urban District to form the present-day London Borough of Croydon.

In recent decades, the borough has on several occasions sought city status. (If granted, this would be a purely honorific change of title: it would make no practical difference to the borough's governance.) A draft petition was submitted by the County Borough to the Home Office in 1951, a more formal petition in 1954, and two more applications in 1955 and 1958. When the new London Borough was created in 1965, the Council endeavoured to have it styled a City, by analogy with the City of Westminster. Further bids for city status were made in 1977, 1992, 2000, 2002, and 2012. All have failed. The borough's predominant argument has always been its size: in 2000 it pointed out that it was "the largest town which does not have the title of City in the whole of Western Europe". The grounds on which it has been turned down have invariably been that it is (as was stated in 1992) merely "part of the London conurbation, rather than a place with a character and identity of its own". Undeterred, council representatives have more than once described Croydon as "a city in all but name".[26][27]

Modern governance[link]

Most of the town lies within the Addiscombe and Fairfield wards, which form part of the Croydon Central constituency.[28] The rest of the town is in the Croham ward, which is part of Croydon South. These wards are all in the local authority of Croydon, which has the responsibility for providing services such as education, refuse collection, and tourism. The Addiscombe ward is currently represented by Councillors Russell Jackson, Andrew Price, and Maria Garcia de la Huerta, members of the Conservative Party. The Fairfield and Croham wards also brought back Conservatives, leaving the area represented only by Conservatives at council level.[29] Labour lost the seat that it had in Addiscombe in the 2006 local elections. The area also forms part of the London constituency of the European Parliament. The sitting Member of Parliament for Croydon Central is Gavin Barwell, a member of the Conservative Party. The sitting Member of Parliament for Croydon South is Richard Ottaway, who is also a member of the Conservatives.

Police and fire services[link]

The police service is provided by the Metropolitan Police with Croydon Police Station on Park Lane next to Croydon College.[30] The London Fire Brigade provide services for the area and Greater London as a whole. The nearest fire station is in Old Town, which has only two pumping appliance.

Geography[link]

Croydon is situated in the centre of the borough of Croydon. To the south are the North Downs, which stretch to the white cliffs of Dover in Kent, as well as parts of Surrey and the south coast. The Pilgrims' Way path is to the south of Croydon.

The town is bordered by Selhurst and South Norwood to the north, which are both part of the same borough; South Croydon to the south; Shirley due east and Beddington in the borough of Sutton to the west. The northernmost point of Croydon is at the junction with Northcote Road and Whitehorse Road where there are a community centre and a few retail shops, overlapping with Selhurst and Broad Green. The postcode area that covers most of Croydon is CR0, which forms part of the CR postcode area. The CR postcode was created especially for Croydon and its surrounding areas.

Croydon is split up by a number of different areas in the same borough. Fairfield, Broad Green, West Croydon and South Croydon make up the rest of Croydon, but are known as separate areas in their own right. The most prominent of these towns is South Croydon, which has become a town of its own, with various shops and its own high street. It is essentially a dormitory suburb for Croydon and Central London. The street South End is the prominent main road in South Croydon and continues northward as High Street, Croydon and southward as Brighton Road.

The town is split in the middle with a rough line from west to east along Wellesley Road on the A212 road. This type of urban planning has been discouraged recently by the London Plan and there have been a number of proposals to ease the relation between East Croydon station and the town centre of Croydon. Croydon Vision 2020 aims to solve that problem and make the whole road easier for pedestrians by creating a centre island pathway.

Culture[link]

Arts[link]

The Fairfield Halls, Croydon's entertainment complex
Croydon Clocktower Art Centre
The BRIT School

There are several arts venues. Foremost amongst these is the Fairfield Halls, opened in 1962, which consists of a large concert hall frequently used for BBC recordings, the Ashcroft Theatre and the Arnhem Gallery. Fairfield is the home of the London Mozart Players, whose Principal Guest Conductor is flautist Sir James Galway. Many famous faces have appeared at the Fairfield Halls, from the Beatles through Bucks Fizz, Omid Djalili, Robert Cray, JLS, Chuck Berry, BB King, Don McLean, the Monkees, Johnny Cash, Dionne Warwick, Gladys Knight, Tom Jones, the Stylistics, Status Quo, Level 42, A-HA, John Mayall, Jools Holland, Kenny Rogers, James Last to Coolio. The main concert hall was used for the conference scene in the Tom Hanks film The Da Vinci Code.

The Warehouse Theatre is a studio theatre known for promoting new writing, as well as comedy and youth theatre. Croydon Clocktower, built by the London Borough of Croydon in the mid-1990s, houses a state-of-the-art library, the David Lean Cinema, a performance venue in the old reference library and the town museum. The Pembroke Theatre had many productions with well known actors before its closure in about 1962.

There are several local and small venues for comedy and community events dotted around Croydon and its districts. Croydon Youth Theatre Organisation celebrated its 40th birthday in 2005. There are several community arts groups, particularly in the large Asian community. There are controversial plans to develop an arena for entertainment and sporting events at the Croydon Gateway site.

A calendar titled "Rare Roundabouts of Croydon", with a picture of a different Croydon roundabout each month, has enjoyed some success.[31]

Literature[link]

Croydon is the setting of two poems by British Poet Laureate Sir John Betjeman, "Croydon" and "Love in a Valley".

The borough has been the residence of many renowned authors and novelists, including Sir Arthur Conan Doyle who set up house in Norwood, D.H. Lawrence, and French novelist Emile Zola who lived for a time in the Queen's Hotel, South Norwood. Cicely Mary Barker, author and illustrator of the Flower Fairies series of books, was born in Croydon.

Croydon is the setting of many novels. The now defunct airport lent itself to the mysteries, The 12.30 from Croydon and Death in the Clouds, and the town is mentioned in some Sherlock Holmes mysteries.

Music[link]

Croydon has been at the centre of the development of the dubstep genre, a relatively recent musical development that traces its roots from Jamaican dub music, UK Garage and drum and bass. Artists such as Benga and Skream, who honed their production and DJing skills whilst working at the now defunct Big Apple Records on Surrey Street, along with Norwood's Digital Mystikz, DJ Chef, Timi Korus and Thornton Heath's Plastician, form the core roster of dubstep DJs and producers.

Croydon also has a thriving rock scene producing such local talent as 5th Man Down, Frankmusik and Noisettes. Local venues for live music include the Black Sheep Bar, the Ship, the Green Dragon, the Brief, the George and the Scream Lounge.

In addition to the Fairfield Halls, there have been several notable venues in Croydon that have hosted major established national and international rock acts - established in 1976, the Cartoon was a very popular live music venue, but closed its doors for the final time in November 2006. The Greyhound in Park Lane (in the site within the Nestle complex currently occupied by the Blue Orchid) played host to acts such as Led Zeppelin, Jimi Hendrix, the Who, David Bowie, Queen, Siouxsie and the Banshees, the Damned, the Boomtown Rats, A-ha in (1987) and many others during the 1960s and '70s. The Fox and Hounds pub saw the debut of the Electric Light Orchestra on 15 April 1972.[32]

The composer Samuel Coleridge-Taylor (1875–1912) lived at 30 Dagnall Park, Selhurst, until his death. He grew up in Croydon and sang in the church choir at St George's and taught at the Crystal Palace and many other schools of music. He died from pneumonia after collapsing at West Croydon station. There is an impressive grave with a touching poem at Bandon Hill Cemetery, as well as exhibits about him in the Clock Tower Museum, Katharine Street.

The town centre was for 30 years home to Europe's largest second-hand record store, Beano's, offering rare vinyl, CDs and books. In November 2008, it was announced that Beano's would close. The premises (off Church Street near the Grant's cinema complex) are to become a "market place" with stalls for rent by small business and individuals.[33][34]

Croydon is home to the BRIT School for performing arts and technology, based in Selhurst, which has produced stars such as Adele, Jessie J, Katie Melua, Amy Winehouse, Leona Lewis, Katy B, Imogen Heap, Dane Bowers and members of the Feeling & the Kooks.

Media[link]

Croydon also plays host to the filming of the popular Channel 4 show, Peep Show. Croydon is also home to several video game developers, including Crawfish. The ITV police drama The Bill, although it was set in East London, was filmed in Croydon and many of the town centre locations were filmed around Surrey Street and St George's House (the Nestle building). Sun Hill Police Station is situated in nearby Mitcham. In 2007, the music video for pop star Mika's single Big Girl (You Are Beautiful) was filmed in various locations around the town, including High Street and Surrey Street Market. Croydon was also revealed to be the true birthplace of Phillip the "African Prince" in the 1980 film version of Rising Damp.[35] (Don Warrington revealed in Britain's 50 Best Sitcoms on Channel 4, that this fact was actually supposed to be revealed in the TV series, but that the death of Richard Beckinsale meant that this was not possible). The opening credits for the sitcom Terry and June featured the eponymous stars walking around the Whitgift Centre and the Fairfield Halls area. Croydon also has its own fully independent television station. It does not receive any government or local authority grant or funding and is supported by donations, spornsorship and by commercial advertising.[36]

Sport & Leisure[link]

Croydon has a Non-League football club Croydon F.C. who play at Croydon Arena.

Transport[link]

The inside concourse of East Croydon station
East Croydon mainline station
West Croydon mainline railway station, now also part of the London Transport network
A Tram near East Croydon

The River Wandle is a major tributary of the River Thames, where it stretches to Wandsworth and Putney for 9 miles (14 km) from its main source in Croydon. It forms a rough western boundary with the London Borough of Sutton, and for part of its length forms the boundary between the London Boroughs of Croydon and Lambeth. The main river ends near Croydon with one of its tributaries ending in Selhurst. Just to the south of Croydon is a significant gap in the North Downs, which acts as a route focus for transport from London to the south coast. The old London to Brighton road used to pass through the town on North End before it was shut off to motor traffic. The A23 now bypasses the centre of the town and follows Purley Way, to the west of the area, instead.

Buses

Transport for London operates a variety of buses in and around Croydon. Most buses serve the West Croydon bus station, which is next to the rail and tram stop. Buses from Croydon serve destinations such as Heathrow Airport, West Norwood, New Addington, Purley, Lewisham, Penge, Mitcham, Norbury and Bromley.

Rail

The Brighton Main Line railway route south from Croydon links the town to Sussex, Surrey, and Kent and to Central London to the north: providing direct services to Hastings, Southampton, Brighton, Portsmouth, Gatwick Airport, Bedford and Luton. The main station for all these services is East Croydon station in the east part of the town centre. East Croydon station is the largest and busiest railway station in Croydon and the tenth busiest in London.

West Croydon station serves all trains traveling west except the fastest. The East London Line, operated by London Overground opened in May 2010 reaching destinations such as Surrey Quays, Shoreditch, Dalston and Highbury (which began in 2011) serves West Croydon. The East London Line Extension will be a major contribution to London's transport infrastructure in time for the Olympic and Paralympic Games to be held in the capital in 2012. There are currently no plans for any London Underground services to be extended to Croydon, mainly due to the East London Line extension and the promise of extended the Tramlink network. There are also more regional stations scattered around the borough. Passenger rail services through Croydon are provided by Southern and First Capital Connect.[37]

Tramlink

The light rail system Tramlink (Operated by Tramtrack Croydon, a wholly owned subsidiary of Transport for London),[38] opened in 2000, and Croydon serves as its main hub. Its network consists of three lines, from Elmers End to West Croydon, from Beckenham to West Croydon, and from New Addington to Wimbledon, with all three lines running via the Croydon loop on which it is centred. It has been highly successful, environmentally friendly and a reliable light rail system carrying around 22 million passengers a year. It is also the only tram system in London but there is another light rail system in the Docklands. It serves Mitcham, Woodside, Addiscombe and the Purley Way retail and industrial area amongst others. An extension to Crystal Palace is currently on hold. Other possible extensions include Sutton, a new park and ride close to the M25, Coulsdon, Purley, Kingston upon Thames, Tolworth, Tooting, Brixton, Bromley and Lewisham for an interchange with the Docklands Light Railway. If the Cross River Tram was still being planned for construction, it may have had an interchange at Brixton, but those plans have since been cancelled.

Croydon's early transport links[link]

The horse-drawn Surrey Iron Railway was the world's first public railway. It was opened in 1803, had double track, was some 8.5 miles (13.7 km) long and ran from Wandsworth to Croydon, at what is now Reeves Corner. In 1805, it was extended to Merstham as the Croydon, Merstham, and Godstone Railway. The railway boom of the 1840s brought superior and faster steam lines and it closed in 1846. The route is followed in part by the modern Tramlink. The last remaining sections of rail can be seen behind railings in a corner of Rotary Field in Purley. With the opening of the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway line to London Victoria in 1860, extra platforms were provided that the LBSCR treated as part of a separate station named New Croydon. The South Eastern Railway (SER) was excluded from this station, which ran exclusively LBSCR services to London at fares cheaper than those the SER offered from the original station.[39] In 1864, the LBSCR obtained authorisation to construct a ½-mile long branch line into the heart of the town centre near Katharine Street where Croydon Central station was built. The new line opened in 1868 but enjoyed little success and closed in 1871, only to reopen in 1886 under pressure from the Town Council before finally closing in 1890. The station was subsequently demolished and replaced by the new Town Hall.[40] In 1897-98, East Croydon and New Croydon stations were merged into a single station equipped with three island platforms, which remain today. Even so, the two stations kept separate booking accounts until 1924.[39]

The Croydon Canal ran for 9.5 miles (15.3 km) from what is now West Croydon station. It travelled north to largely along the course of the present railway line to New Cross Gate, where it joined the Grand Surrey Canal and went on into the Thames. It opened in 1809 and had 28 locks. It had a strong competitor in the Surrey Iron Railway and was never a financial success. It sold out to the London & Croydon Railway in 1836. The lake at South Norwood is the former reservoir for the canal.

Croydon Airport on Purley Way was the main international airport for London until it was superseded by London Heathrow Airport and London Gatwick Airport. Starting out during World War I as an airfield for protection against Zeppelins, and developing into one of the great airports of the world during the 1920s and 1930s, it welcomed the world's pioneer aviators in its heyday. As aviation technology progressed, however, and aircraft became larger and more numerous, it was recognized in 1952 that the airport would be too small to cope with increasing air traffic. The last scheduled flight departed on 30 September 1959. The air terminal, now known as Airport House, has been restored and has a museum open one day a month.

Education[link]

The town is home to Croydon College, with its main site on Park Lane and College Road near East Croydon railway station. It currently has over 13,000 students attending one of its three sub-colleges.[41] The sub-colleges were created in 2007 to allow for more students to be catered for and to ensure that the courses on offer, the style of teaching and the way the college is run are right for the students that attend each college. The three colleges that were created by the action are the Croydon Sixth Form College, Croydon Skills and Enterprise College and the Croydon Higher Education College. The Higher Education College offers university-level education in a range of subjects from Law through to Fine Art. Croydon Skills and Enterprise College delivers training and education opportunities that have been designed to meet the various needs of businesses of all sizes, across different sectors within London and the south east.

The town also contains five well-known fee-paying schools, three of which are part of the Whitgift Foundation. Two are boys' schools. The Whitgift School was situated next to the Almshouses and in 1931 the Upper School moved to its current site in Haling Park in South Croydon. The Middle School (renamed Trinity School of John Whitgift in 1954) remained on the site until 1965 when it moved to Shirley Park in East Croydon. A direct grant grammar school until 1968, this is now a member of the H.M.C. Old Palace School, an independent girls' school situated in the old Summer Palace of the Achbishops of Canterbury, joined the Whitgift Foundation group of schools in 1993. Accompanied by vociferous protests from parents, Croham Hurst School (an independent girls' school in South Croydon) became part of Old Palace in 2007 and its buildings are now used as the Old Palace junior school. The site of the old Whitgift grammar school is now the Whitgift shopping centre and the freehold is owned by the Whitgift Foundation. Croydon High School for Girls is an independent girls' school in South Croydon. Royal Russell School is a co-educational independent boarding and day school in South Croydon and is a member of the H.M.C.

See also[link]

Notes[link]

  • Croydon Observatory Borough Profile,Ethnicity Census Figures by Ward. (Population of Fairfield ward 2001 at the census is 14085 ) Accessed January 2011.

References[link]

  1. ^ Mayor of London (February 2008). "London Plan (Consolidated with Alterations since 2004)". Greater London Authority. http://www.london.gov.uk/thelondonplan/docs/londonplan08.pdf. 
  2. ^ a b c Ayto, John; Ian Crofton (2005). Brewer's Britain and Ireland. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-304-35385-X. 
  3. ^ Corbett Anderson, John; Ian Crofton (1882). A Short Chronicle Concerning the Parish of Croydon. London: Reeves and Turner. pp. 19–20. ISBN 0-304-35385-X.  Republished in 1970 by SR Publishers, East Ardsley, Wakefield
  4. ^ Shaw, Muriel (September 1988). "Roman Period Burials in Croydon". CNHSS Archaeology Section Newsletter (71): 2-6. 
  5. ^ Davison, Jim; Potter, Geoff (1998). "Excavations at 14 Whitgift Street, Croydon, 1987-88 and 1995". London Archaeologist 8: 227–232. 
  6. ^ Maggs, Ken; De'Athe, Paul (1987). The Roman Roads of East Surrey and the Kent Border. Westerham: North Downs Press. pp. 40–44. 
  7. ^ McKinley, Jacqueline I. (2003). "The Early Saxon Cemetery at Park Lane, Croydon". Surrey Archaeological Collections 90: 1–116. 
  8. ^ Hines, John (2004). "Sūþre-gē — the Foundations of Surrey". In Cotton, Jonathan; Crocker, Glenys; Graham, Audrey. Aspects of Archaeology and History in Surrey: towards a Research Framework for the County. Guildford: Surrey Archaeological Society. pp. 92-98. ISBN 0954146034. 
  9. ^ Harris, Oliver (2005). The Archbishops' Town: the making of medieval Croydon. Croydon: Croydon Natural History and Scientific Society. 
  10. ^ Surrey Domesday Book
  11. ^ Template:Harris, ''Archbishops' Town'', p. 250
  12. ^ Harris, Archbishops' Town, pp. 253–6.
  13. ^ The Changing Face Of Norwood Norwood Society, February 27, 2008. Accessed April 2011
  14. ^ "London Borough of Croydon: The Lawns - The Lawns History". Croydon.gov.uk. http://www.croydon.gov.uk/leisure/parksandopenspaces/parksatoz/lawns/tlhistory. Retrieved 2011-07-17. 
  15. ^ Alan R. Warwick; The Phoenix Suburb: A South London Social History;chapter 5, Publisher: Crystal Palace Foundation; ISBN 0-904034-01-1 / 0904034011
  16. ^ Looking Out For No1 (from Croydon Guardian)
  17. ^ State of the art refurbishment
  18. ^ http://www.surreystreetmarket.com/
  19. ^ "Family's Croydon furniture store destroyed in riots". The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/familys-croydon-furniture-store-destroyed-in-riots-2334330.html. Retrieved 9 August 2011. 
  20. ^ http://yourlocalguardian.co.uk/news/3557069.Exclusive__Boris_backs_Croydon_city_bid/
  21. ^ http://www.developcroydon.com/news.html?id=2343/
  22. ^ "An 1868 Gazetteer description of Croydon". UK and Ireland Genealogy. 2003. http://homepages.gold.ac.uk/genuki/SRY/Croydon/WholeGaz1868.html. Retrieved 2008-07-17. 
  23. ^ Harris, Archbishops' Town, pp. 245-9, 254-6. The locations of the crosses (recorded in 1580-1 and 1706) were: Hand Cross (junction of Church Road and Church Street: modern Reeves Corner); Crown Hill Cross (junction of Crown Hill and High Street); Stake or Stay Cross (junction of modern George Street and Park Lane); Hern Cross (junction of High Street and Coombe Road); and possibly a fifth site, "at Burchall's House", which may have been at the southern end of Old Town. In 1977 the four sites (including the supposed Burchall's House site, but excluding Crown Hill) were marked by modern plaques.
  24. ^ Victoria History of the County of Surrey, vol. 4, p. 218.
  25. ^ Harris, Archbishops' Town, pp. 271-2.
  26. ^ Beckett, John (2005). City Status in the British Isles, 1830-2002. Aldershot: Ashgate. pp. 100, 103, 110, 122–4, 129, 131, 143, 146, 150, 166, 168, 175–6. ISBN 0-7546-5067-7. 
  27. ^ "Results of Diamond Jubilee Civic Honours Competition announced". Cabinet Office. 14 March 2012. http://www.dpm.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/news/results-diamond-jubilee-civic-honours-competition-announced. Retrieved 27 March 2012. 
  28. ^ "London Borough of Croydon map of wards". Croydon Council. 2006. Archived from the original on 2008-06-27. http://web.archive.org/web/20080627171929/http://www.croydon.gov.uk/content/departments/570770/570872/wardmap.pdf. Retrieved 2008-07-18. 
  29. ^ "Who are my councillors?". Croydon Council. http://www.croydon.gov.uk/democracy/elected/allcouncillors/. Retrieved 2008-07-11. 
  30. ^ "Metropolitan Police: Croydon Police Station". Metropolitan Police. 2007. http://cms.met.police.uk/met/boroughs/croydon/09contact_us/index. Retrieved 2008-07-18. 
  31. ^ BBC News - Roundabout calendar is gift hit
  32. ^ Whalley, Kirsty (15 September 2010). "ELO man dies". Croydon Guardian (Newsquest Media Group): p. 15. 
  33. ^ Beanos closing down
  34. ^ http://www.beanos.co.uk/ Beanos announcing closing down sales
  35. ^ Croydon Phillip's birthplace
  36. ^ http://www.croydontv.co.uk/
  37. ^ "UK rail network map". National Rail website. National Rail. 2006. http://www.nationalrail.co.uk/system/galleries/download/print_maps/Nat_Rail_Passenger_Operators_2006.pdf. Retrieved 2008-05-25. 
  38. ^ "TfL announces plans to take over Tramlink services". 2008-03-17. Archived from the original on 2008-04-12. http://web.archive.org/web/20080412011803/http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/media/newscentre/archive/7741.aspx. Retrieved 2008-05-24. 
  39. ^ a b White, H.P., op. cit. p. 79.
  40. ^ Treby, E., op. cit. p. 106.
  41. ^ "About Croydon College". 2007. http://www.croydon.ac.uk/about_us.html. Retrieved 2008-07-18. 

External links[link]

http://wn.com/Croydon




This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croydon

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.


Inter
200px
Full name Football Club Internazionale Milano S.p.A.
Nickname(s) I Nerazzurri (The Black and Blues)
La Beneamata (The Cherished One)
Il Biscione (The Big Grass Snake)
Baüscia (Boasters in Lombard language)
Founded March 9, 1908; 104 years ago  (1908-03-09)
Ground San Siro, Milan
(Capacity: 80,018[1])
Owner Massimo Moratti
President Massimo Moratti
Head coach Andrea Stramaccioni
League Serie A
2011–12 Serie A, 6th
Website Club home page
Home colours
Away colours
Current season

Football Club Internazionale Milano S.p.A., commonly referred to as Internazionale or simply Inter, is a professional Italian football club based in Milan, Lombardy. The club is commonly known as Inter Milan outside of Italy.[2][3] They have spent their entire history in the top flight First Division (known as Serie A since 1929). Internazionale have won 30 domestic trophies, including the league eighteen times, the Coppa Italia seven and the Supercoppa Italiana five. From 2006 to 2010 the club won five successive league titles, equalling the all-time record.[4] They have won the Champions League three times; two back-to-back in 1964 and 1965 and then another in 2010. The last completed an unprecedented Italian treble with the Coppa Italia and the Scudetto. The club has also won three UEFA Cups, two Intercontinental Cups and one FIFA Club World Cup.

Inter's home games are played at San Siro, also known as the Stadio Giuseppe Meazza. The stadium, which is shared with A.C. Milan, is the largest in Italian football, with a total capacity of 80,018.[5] Milan are considered one of their biggest rivals, and matches between the two teams are called Derby della Madonnina, which is one of the most followed derbies in football.[6] As of 2010, Inter is the second most supported team in Italy,[7] and the eighth most supported team in Europe.[8] The current president and owner of Inter is Massimo Moratti. The club is one of the wealthiest and most valuable in Italian and world football.[9] It was a founding member of the now-defunct G-14 group of Europe's leading football clubs as well as its replacement, the European Club Association.[10]

Contents

History[link]

Foundation and early years (1908–1922)[link]

First Inter side to win the scudetto, in 1909–10

The club was founded on 9 March 1908 as Football Club Internazionale, following a "schism" from the Milan Cricket and Football Club (44 members). A group of Italians and Swiss (Giorgio Muggiani, a painter who also designed the club's logo, Bossard, Lana, Bertoloni, De Olma, Enrico Hintermann, Arturo Hintermann, Carlo Hintermann, Pietro Dell'Oro, Hugo and Hans Rietmann, Voelkel, Maner, Wipf, and Carlo Ardussi) were unhappy about the domination of Italians in the AC Milan team, and broke away from them, leading to the creation of Internazionale. The name of the club derives from the wish of its founding members to accept foreign players as well as Italians.

The club won its very first Scudetto (championship) in 1910 and its second in 1920. The captain and coach of the first Scudetto was Virgilio Fossati, who was killed in World War I.

After early years (1922–1960)[link]

In 1922 Inter were in Group B of the Serie A and came in dead last after picking up only 11 points in the season. Thanks to the reunion of the C.C.I. (Confederazione Calcistica Italiana) and Federazione Italiana Giuoco Calcio (FIGC), Inter remained in the top league after winning the salvation play-off.

In 1928, during the Fascist era, the club was forced to merge with the Unione Sportiva Milanese and was renamed Società Sportiva Ambrosiana.[11] They wore white shirts around this time with a red cross emblazoned on it. This shirt design was inspired by the flag and coat of arms of the city of Milan, which in turn is derived from the flag of the patron saint of Milan, St. Ambrose and dates back to the 4th century AD. The new upcoming President Oreste Simonotti decided to change name to Associazione Sportiva Ambrosiana in 1929. However, supporters continued to call the team Inter, and in 1931 new president Pozzani caved to shareholder pressure and changed the name to Associazione Sportiva Ambrosiana-Inter.

Their first Coppa Italia (Italian Cup) was won in 1938-39, led by the great legend Giuseppe Meazza, for whom the San Siro stadium is officially named, and a fifth league championship followed in 1940, despite an injury to Meazza. After the end of World War II the club re-emerged under a name close to their original one; FC Internazionale Milano, which they have kept ever since. Following the war, Inter won its sixth championship in 1953 and the seventh in 1954.

Grande Inter (1960–1968)[link]

Facchetti on a 1968 Ajman stamp

In 1960, Helenio Herrera joined Internazionale from FC Barcelona. From FC Barcelona, he brought his midfield general Luis Suárez who would win the European Footballer of the Year in the same year for his role in FC Barcelona's La Liga/Fairs Cup double. He would transform Internazionale into one of the greatest teams in Europe. He modified a 5-3-2 tactic known as the Verrou (door bolt) to include larger flexibility for counter attacks. The Catenaccio system was invented by an Austrian coach named Karl Rappan. Rappan's original system was implemented with 4 fixed defenders, playing a strict man-to-man marking system, plus a playmaker in the middle of the field who plays the ball together with two midfield wings. Herrera would modify it by adding a fifth defenders, the sweeper or libero behind the two centre backs. The sweeper or libero who acted as the free man would deal with any attackers who went through the two centre backs. Internazionale would finish 3rd in Serie A his first season, 2nd the next year and first in his 3rd season. And then followed a back-to-back European Cup victory in 1964 and 1965. Herrera earned the title "ll Mago" which meant the magician. The code of Herrera's team was the fullbacks Tarcisio Burgnich and Giacinto Facchetti, Armando Picchi the sweeper, Luis Suárez the playmaker, Jair the winger, Mario Corso the left midfielder and Sandro Mazzola who played the inside-right.

In 1964, Internazionale reached the Final by beating Borussia Dortmund in the semifinal and FK Partizan in the quarterfinal. In the Final, they met Real Madrid, a team had reached 7 out of the 9 existing Finals. Real Madrid consisted of the aging stars of the 1950s and a few emerging players that would win the European Cup in 1966. It was Sandro Mazzola who stole the show by scoring two goals in a 3-1 victory.

A year later, Inter repeated the feat by beating two-time winner SL Benfica in the final held at home. Jair was the lone scorer in 1-0 win.

By 1967, Jair was gone. Luis Suárez was injured and missed the Final. Sandro Mazzola's penalty was not enough to stop Celtic FC from winning the title.

After Helenio Herrera era (1968–1990)[link]

Following the golden era of the 1960s, Inter managed to win their eleventh league title in 1971 and their twelfth in 1980. Inter were defeated for the second time in five years in the final of the European Cup, going down 0-2 to Johan Cruijff's Ajax Amsterdam in 1972. During the 1970s and the 1980s, Inter also added two to its Coppa Italia tally, in 1977-78 and 1981-82.

Led by the German duo of Andreas Brehme and Lothar Matthäus, and Argentine Ramón Díaz, Inter captured the 1989 Serie A championship. Fellow German Jürgen Klinsmann and the Italian Supercup were added the following season but to little avail as Inter were unable to defend their title.

Dark times (1990–2004)[link]

The 1990s was a period of disappointment. Whilst their great rivals AC Milan and Juventus were achieving success both domestically and in Europe, Inter were left behind, with repeated mediocre results in the domestic league standings, their worst coming in 1993-94 when they finished just 1 point out of the relegation zone. Nevertheless, they achieved some European success with 3 UEFA Cup victories in 1991, 1994 and 1998.

Massimo Moratti, Inter's current President

With Massimo Moratti's takeover from Ernesto Pellegrini in 1995 Inter were promised more success with many high profile signings like Ronaldo and Christian Vieri, with Inter twice breaking the world record transfer fee in this period (₤19.5 million for Ronaldo from FC Barcelona in summer 1997 and ₤31 million for Christian Vieri from Lazio in summer 1999). However the 1990s remained a decade of disappointment and is the only decade in Inter's history in which they did not win a single Italian Serie A championship. For Inter fans it was difficult to find who in particular was to blame for the troubled times and this led to some icy relations between them and the president, the managers and even some individual players.

Inter chairman Massimo Moratti later became a target of the fans, especially when he sacked the much-loved coach Luigi Simoni after only a few games into the 1998/99 season, after having just received Italian manager of the year award 1998 the day before Massimo Moratti decided to end his contract. In the 1998-99 season Inter failed to qualify for any European competition for the first time in almost 10 years, finishing in a poor eighth place.

Marcello Lippi was sacked after the first 2000-01 matchday

In the 1999-00 season, Massimo Moratti made some major changes, marking once again some high-profile signings. A major coup for Inter was the appointment of former Juventus manager Marcello Lippi. Moreover, Inter were seen by the majority of the fans and press to have finally put together a winning formula. Other signings included Italian and French legends Angelo Peruzzi and Laurent Blanc together with other former Juventus players Christian Vieri and Vladimir Jugović. Inter were also seen to have an advantage in this season as they had no European "distraction". Once again they failed to win the elusive Scudetto. However they did manage to come close to their first domestic success since 1989 when they reached the Coppa Italia final only to be defeated by Lazio allowing them to win the Scudetto and domestic cup double.

The following season another disaster struck. Inter impressed in the Supercoppa Italia match against Lazio and took the lead through new signing Robbie Keane and Hakan Şükür – however, they lost 4-3. Overall, though, they were looking good for the season that was about to start. What followed was another embarrassment, as they were eliminated in the preliminary round of the Champions League by Swedish club Helsingborgs IF. Alvaro Recoba was given the opportunity to equal the tie with a last-minute penalty, but Helsingborg goalkeeper Sven Andersson made the save. Inter found themselves back at square one as Marcello Lippi, the manager at the time, was sacked after only a single game of the new season following Inter's first ever Serie A defeat to Reggina. Throughout this period, Inter suffered the mocking of their neighbours AC Milan; Milan were having success both domestically and in Europe. Also throughout this period suffered endless defeats to AC Milan including a 6-0 defeat in 2000-01 season. Marco Tardelli, chosen to replace Lippi, failed to improve results, and is remembered by Inter fans as the manager that lost 6-0 the city derby to AC Milan in the 2000-01 season. Other members of the Inter "family" during this period that suffered were the likes of Christian Vieri and Fabio Cannavaro, both of whom had their restaurants in Milan vandalised after defeats against AC Milan.

Héctor Cúper, who was in charge between 2001 and 2003

In 2002, not only did Inter manage to make it to the Uefa cup semi-finals, they were also only 45 minutes away from capturing the Scudetto, when they needed to maintain a one-goal advantage over SS Lazio at Rome's Olimpico stadium. This was the last match of the season, and Inter were top of the Serie A table at kick-off. However, a defeat would see Juventus, who were second, or even AS Roma, in third place, take the title from them. As a result, some SS Lazio fans were actually openly supporting Inter during this match, as an Inter victory would prevent their bitter rivals AS Roma from winning the championship. Inter were 2-1 up after only 24 minutes. SS Lazio equalised during first half injury time and then scored two more goals in the second half to clinch victory that eventually saw Juventus win the championship after their 2-0 victory away to Udinese.

2002-03 saw Inter take a respectable second place and also managed to make it to the 2003 Champions League semi finals against their bitter rivals AC Milan. Being tied 1-1 with AC Milan, Inter lost on away goals rule. It was another disappointement but they were finally on the right track.

However, once again Massimo Moratti's impatience got the better of him, Hernán Crespo was sold after just one season, and Hector Cuper was fired after only a few games. Alberto Zaccheroni stepped in, a life long Inter fan but also the man who was in charge of SS Lazio's 4-2 victory over Inter in 2002, the fans were sceptical. Zaccheroni brought nothing new to the side, apart from two fantastic wins over Juventus 3-1 in Turin and 3-2 at the San Siro the season was again nothing special. They were embarrassingly eliminated from the UEFA Champions League in the first round finishing 3rd in their group. Furthermore, they only managed to scrape back into the Champions League by finishing in 4th place by only a point over Parma A.C.. Inter's only saving grace in 2003-04 was the arrival of Dejan Stanković and Adriano in January 2004 both solid players that filled the gap that was left by the departures of Hernán Crespo and Clarence Seedorf.

Resurrection & back to back titles (2004–present)[link]

Revival (2004–2008)[link]

Roberto Mancini became the third coach in Inter history to win back-to-back league titles after Alfredo Foni and Helenio Herrera

On 1 July 2004, Inter announced on their official website that they had appointed former Lazio boss Roberto Mancini as new head coach. In his first season Inter and Mancini collected 72 points from 18 win, 18 draw and only 2 loses. On June 15, 2005, Inter won the Coppa Italia, defeating AS Roma in the two-legged final 3-0 on aggregate (1-0 win in Milan and 2-0 win in Rome) and followed that up on 20 August 2005, by winning the Supercoppa Italiana after an extra-time 1-0 victory against original 04-05 Serie A champions Juventus (before being stripped of this title). This Super Cup win was Inter's first since 1989, coincidentally the same year since Inter last won the Scudetto before 2006. On 11 May 2006, Inter retained their Coppa Italia trophy by once again, defeating AS Roma with a 4-1 aggregate victory (A 1-1 scoreline in Rome and a 3-1 win at the Giuseppe Meazza, San Siro).

Inter were awarded the 2005-06 Serie A championship as they were the highest placed side in the season's final league table after points were stripped from Juventus and AC Milan - both sides involved in the match fixing scandal that year. On 14 July 2006, The Italian Federal Appeal Commission found Serie A clubs Juventus, Lazio, Fiorentina, Reggina and AC Milan guilty of match-fixing and charged the 5 clubs with their respective punishments, (although all charges were later reduced in some capacity). So with the confirmed relegation of Juventus Turin to Serie B (for the first ever time in their history) and the 8-point deduction for city rivals AC Milan, Inter became favorites to retain their Serie A title for the upcoming 2006-07 Serie A season.

On April 22, 2007 Inter were crowned Serie A champions for the 2nd consecutive season after defeating Siena 2-1 at Stadio Artemio Franchi. Italian World Cup winning defender Marco Materazzi scored both goals in the 18th and 60th minute, with the latter being a penalty.

Zlatan Ibrahimović during the 2007–08 Serie A season

Inter started the 2007–08 season with the goal of winning both Serie A and UEFA Champions League. The team started well in the league, topping the table from the first round of matches, and also managed to qualify for the Champions League knockout stage; however, a late collapse leading to a 2–0 defeat with 10 men away to Liverpool on 19 February in the Champions League threw into question manager Roberto Mancini's future at Inter, and domestic form took a sharp turn of fortune with the team failing to win in the three following Serie A games (drawing with Sampdoria and major league opponents Roma, before losing away to Napoli, their first domestic defeat of the season). After being eliminated by Liverpool in the Champions League, Mancini then announced his intention to leave his job, only to change his mind the following day.

Following their late collapse leading to a 2–0 loss with 10 men away to Liverpool on 19 February in the Champions League and questions over Mancini's future Inter's domestic form took a sharp turn of fortune with the team failing to win in the three following Serie A games (drawing with Sampdoria and Roma, before losing away to Napoli). Inter had a second run of this kind between 19 and 29 March in which they again went winless through three games (against Genoa, Juventus and Lazio.) Like weeks previously, on 4 May 2008 Inter once again had a chance to wrap up their scudetto race; this time against city rivals AC Milan, but suffered a 2–1 defeat. The following week Inter again had the chance to wrap up their scudetto against Siena in a home match, complete with a festive atmosphere and an expectant crowd. However, Inter again failed to win the Scudetto, losing their lead twice and ultimately earning a 2–2 draw, with Marco Materazzi failing to convert a penalty in the dying embers of the match. The same week Roma scored a 2–1 victory away to Atalanta, thus catapulting the Romans to within just 1 point of Inter going into the final round of the Championship, despite trailing their Milanese rivals by 11 points earlier on in the season.

On Day 38, the final day of the Seria A 2007–2008 season, Inter played Parma FC away, whilst Roma travelled to Catania. This week offered an interesting juxtaposition, as both Roma and Inter looked to take the title, whereas Parma and Catania were both fighting for survival. Many scenarios could have played out, however Inter were still favourites due to their superior head to head record with Roma, all Inter needed to do was match Roma's result. The day started with Roma taking an early lead against Catania and for 60 minutes of the final day Roma were top of the league; however, the lead would not hold. Inter, seemingly rejuvenated due to the introduction of Swedish striker Zlatan Ibrahimovic, began to take control of the game. Amidst the pouring rain at the Ennio Tardini stadium in Parma, Ibrahimvoic fired a low shot making it 1–0 in the 62'. Another Ibrahimovic blast sealed the victory, and with it the hope of winning the championship faded away for Roma. Elsewhere, Catania managed to score a late equalizer that granted them the stay in Serie A for the upcoming 2009 season and left Roma 3 points behind Inter. Inter sealed their 3rd Championship in a row and had a late night celebration at the San Siro stadium upon their return to Milan, where they were presented with the Serie A trophy.

Following this win, the club however decided to sack Mancini on 29 May, citing his declarations following the Champions League defeat to Liverpool as the reason.[12]

Modern history (2008–present)[link]

José Mourinho, winner of the first "treble" in Italian history in the season 2009–2010, with Inter

On 2 June, Inter announced on their official website that they had appointed former FC Porto and Chelsea boss José Mourinho as new head coach, with Giuseppe Baresi as his assistant. This made Mourinho the only foreign coach in Italy in the 2008–09 season kick-off.[13] Mourinho made only three additions to the squad during the summer transfer window of 2008 in the form of Mancini,[14] Sulley Muntari,[15] and Ricardo Quaresma.[16] Under Mourinho's first season as Inter head coach, the Nerazzurri won an Italian Super Cup and a fourth consecutive title, being, however, also eliminated from the Champions League in the first knockout round for a third consecutive time, losing to Manchester United. In winning the league title for the fourth consecutive time, Inter joined Torino and Juventus as the only teams to do this and the first to accomplish this feat in the last 60 years.

Inter enjoyed more luck in the 2009–10 Champions League, managing to progress to the quarter-finals by eliminating Mourinho's former team Chelsea in a 3–1 aggregate win; this was the first time in three years that the Nerazzurri had passed the first knockout round. Inter then progressed to the semi-finals of the tournament by beating CSKA Moscow 2–0 on aggregate, winning both legs.[17] Inter managed to achieve a 3–1 win over incumbent champions Barcelona in the first leg of the semi-final. In the second leg, a resolute Inter lost 1–0 but progressed 3–2 on aggregate to their fifth European Cup/Champions League Final, with Bayern Munich as opponents. They won the match 2–0 thanks to two goals from Diego Milito, and were crowned champions of Europe.[18]

Inter also won the 2009–2010 Serie A title by two points over Roma, and the 2010 Coppa Italia by defeating the same side 1–0 in the final.[19]

By winning the Scudetto, the Coppa Italia and the prestigious Champions League in a single season, Internazionale completed The Treble, becoming the first ever Italian team to achieve the feat. However, their attempt to defend these honours will be without José Mourinho, as he agreed a deal to take charge of Spanish club Real Madrid on 28 May 2010.[20] Inter appointed Rafael Benítez as new coach after signing a two-year contract on June 2010.

Javier Zanetti, Inter's current captain

On 21 August 2010, Inter defeated Roma 3–1 and won the 2010 Supercoppa Italiana, the fourth trophy of the year. In December 2010, they claimed the FIFA Club World Cup for the first time after a 3–0 win against TP Mazembe in the final.[21] Internazionale completed The Quintuple, becoming the fourth team in the world after Liverpool in 2001, Al-Ahly in 2006 & Barcelona in 2009.

However, after this win, on 23 December, due to his poor performance in Serie A and separated by 13 points from the leader Milan (although Inter played two games less, because of the FIFA Club World Cup appointment), the team announced on their website the departure of Rafael Benítez[22] to be replaced by Leonardo the following day.[23] During the winter transfer window, Andrea Ranocchia,[24] Giampaolo Pazzini,[25] Houssine Kharja,[26] and Yuto Nagatomo[27] joined the squad.

Leonardo has huge impact on the team even with the absent of Samuel Eto'o due to suspension, and Wesley Sneijder and Júlio César due to injury. Inter won their match against Napoli with two goals from Thiago Motta and another one form Esteban Cambiasso. Inter continues their good start with Leonardo with five wins in raw in all competitions, until they lost against Udinese, but Inter got in their feet quickly by qualified to the semifinal of Coppa Italia and win against Palermo after great comeback from 0-2 to win with 3-2 and two goals from new signing Giampaolo Pazzini.

Colours and badge[link]

Ambrosiana Inter Kit

One of the founders of Inter, a painter named Giorgio Muggiani, was responsible for the design of the first Inter logo in 1908. The first design incorporated the letters 'FCIM' in the center of a series of circles that formed the badge of the club. The basic elements of the design have remained constant even as finer details have been modified over the years. In 1998, the club came out with a brand-new iteration of the club crest, sticking to the original design while adding minor aesthetic updates.

Since its founding in 1908, Inter have worn black and blue stripes. It is rumored that black was chosen to represent night and blue was chosen to represent the sky.[28] Aside from a short period during World War II, Inter continued to wear the black and blue stripes, earning them the nickname Nerazzurri.[29] For a period of time, however, Inter was forced to abandon their black and blue uniforms. In 1928, Inter's name and philosophy made the ruling Fascist Party uneasy. As a result, during the same year the 20-year-old club was merged with Unione Sportiva Milanese. The new club was named Società Sportiva Ambrosiana after the patron saint of Milan.[30] The flag of Milan (the red cross on white background) replaced the traditional black and blue.[31] After World War II when the Fascists had fallen from power the club reverted to their original name and colors. In 2008, Inter celebrated their centenary with a red cross on their away shirt. Reminiscent of the flag of their city, the pattern continues to be used on their third kit to this day.

Animals are often used to represent football clubs in Italy, the grass snake, called Il biscione or Serpente representing Inter. The snake is an important symbol for the city of Milan, appearing often in Milanese heraldry as a coiled viper with a man in its jaws. The symbol is famous for its presence on the coat of arms of the House of Sforza (who ruled over Italy from Milan during the Renaissance period), the city of Milan, the historical Duchy of Milan (a 400 year state of the Holy Roman Empire), and Insubria (a historical regional area which the city of Milan falls within). For the 2010–11 season Inter's away kit featured the serpent.

Stadium[link]

Stadio Giuseppe Meazza
San Siro
An external view of the San Siro stadium
Location Via Piccolomini 5,
20151 Milan, Italy
Broke ground 1925
Opened 19 September 1926
Renovated 1939, 1955, 1989
Owner Municipality of Milan
Operator AC Milan and Internazionale
Construction cost ₤5,000,000 (1926), ₤5,100,000 (1939), $60,000,000 (1989)
Architect Ulisse Stacchini (1925), Giancarlo Ragazzi (1989), Enrico Hoffer (1989)
Capacity 80,018 seated
Tenants
AC Milan (1926–present), Internazionale (1947-present)

The team's stadium is the 80,018 seat San Siro, officially known as Stadio Giuseppe Meazza after the former player who represented both AC Milan and Inter. The more commonly used name, San Siro, is the name of the district where it's located. San Siro has been the home of AC Milan since 1926, when it was privately built by funding from Milan's president at the time, Piero Pirelli. Construction was performed by 120 workers, and took 13 and a half months to complete. The stadium was owned by the club until it was sold to the city council in 1935, and since 1947 it has been shared with Internazionale, when they were accepted as joint tenant.

The first game played at the stadium was on 19 September 1926, when AC Milan lost 6-3 in a friendly match against Internazionale. AC Milan played its first league game in San Siro on September 19, 1926, losing 1-2 to Sampierdarenese. From an initial capacity of 35,000 spectators, the stadium has undergone several major renovations, most recently in preparation for the 1990 FIFA World Cup when its capacity was set to 85,700, all covered with a polycarbonate roof. In the summer of 2008 its capacity has been reduced to 80,018, in order to meet the new standards set by UEFA.

Based on the English model for stadiums, San Siro is specifically designed for football matches, as opposed to many multi-purpose stadiums used in Serie A. It is therefore renowned in Italy for its fantastic atmosphere during matches, thanks to the closeness of the stands to the pitch. The frequent use of flares by supporters contributes to the atmosphere but the practice has occasionally caused problems.

On 19 December 2005, AC Milan's vice-president and executive director Adriano Galliani announced that the club is seriously working towards a relocation. He said that Milan's new stadium will be largely based on the Veltins-Arena and will follow the standards of football stadiums in the United States, Germany and Spain. As opposed to many other stadiums in Italy, Milan's new stadium will likely be used for football only, having no athletics track. The new stadium's naming rights will be probably sold to a sponsor, similarly to Arsenal's Emirates Stadium.[32] It remains to be seen if this plan will proceed or if this is just a ploy to force the owners (Comune di Milano) to sell the stadium to AC Milan for a nominal fee so as to proceed with extensive renovations. The possibility of Internazionale vacating San Siro may affect proceedings.

Supporters and rivalries[link]

Inter created display in their curva at the Stadio Giuseppe Meazza.

Inter is one of the most supported clubs in Italy, according to an August 2007 research by Italian newspaper La Repubblica.[33] Historically, the largest section of Inter fans from the city of Milan have been the middle-class bourgeoisie Milanese, while AC Milan fans are typically working-class and a significant portion are migrants from Southern Italy.[29]

The traditional ultras group of Inter is Boys San; they hold a significant place in the history of the ultras scene in general due to the fact that they are one of the oldest, being founded in 1969. Politically, the ultras of Inter are usually considered right-wing and they have good relationships with the Lazio ultras. As well as the main group of Boys San, there are four more significant groups: Viking, Irriducibili, Ultras, and Brianza Alcoolica.

Inter's most vocal fans are known to gather in the Curva Nord, or north curve of the Giuseppe Meazza stadium. This longstanding tradition has led to the Curva Nord being synonymous with the club's most die-hard supporters, who unfurl banners and wave flags in support of their team.

Inter have several rivalries, two of which are highly significant in Italian football; firstly, they participate in the inter-city Derby della Madonnina with AC Milan; the rivalry has existed ever since Inter splintered off from Milan in 1908.[29] The name of the derby refers to the Blessed Virgin Mary, whose statue atop the Milan Cathedral is one of the city's main attractions. The match usually creates a lively atmosphere, with numerous (often humorous or offensive) banners unfolded before the match. Flares are commonly present, but they also led to the abandonment of the second leg of the 2005 Champions League quarter-final matchup between Milan and Inter on 12 April after a flare thrown from the crowd by an Inter supporter struck Milan keeper Dida on the shoulder.[34]

The other most significant rivalry is with Juventus; the two participate in the Derby d'Italia. Up until the 2006 Serie A match-fixing scandal, which saw Juventus relegated, the two were the only Italian clubs to have never played below Serie A. In recent years, post-Calciopoli, Inter have developed a rivalry with Roma, having finished runners-up to Inter in all but one of Inter's five Scudetto winning seasons between 2005 and 2010. The two sides have also contested in 5 Coppa Italia finals and four Supercoppa Italiana finals since 2006. Other clubs, such as Atalanta and Napoli, are also considered to be amongst their rivals.[35]

Current squad[link]

Players[link]

As of 31 January 2012[36]

Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Position Player
1 Brazil GK Júlio César
4 Argentina DF Javier Zanetti (captain)
5 Serbia MF Dejan Stanković
6 Brazil DF Lúcio
7 Italy FW Giampaolo Pazzini
9 Uruguay FW Diego Forlán
10 Netherlands MF Wesley Sneijder
11 Argentina MF Ricardo Álvarez
12 Italy GK Luca Castellazzi
13 Brazil DF Maicon
14 Colombia MF Fredy Guarín
17 Italy MF Angelo Palombo (on loan from Sampdoria)
18 Italy MF Andrea Poli (on loan from Sampdoria)
19 Argentina MF Esteban Cambiasso
20 Nigeria MF Joel Obi
22 Argentina FW Diego Milito
No. Position Player
23 Italy DF Andrea Ranocchia
25 Argentina DF Walter Samuel
26 Romania DF Cristian Chivu
28 Argentina FW Mauro Zárate (on loan from Lazio)
29 Brazil MF Philippe Coutinho
30 Netherlands FW Luc Castaignos
34 Italy DF Cristiano Biraghi
37 Italy DF Marco Davide Faraoni
40 Brazil DF Juan
42 Brazil DF Jonathan
48 Italy MF Lorenzo Crisetig
53 Italy MF Luca Tremolada
55 Japan DF Yuto Nagatomo
81 Italy FW Samuele Longo
88 Croatia FW Marko Livaja

Other under contract players[link]

Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Position Player
Italy DF Dennis Esposito (returned from Lecco in January 2012)
Brazil FW Kerlon (contracted until 30 June 2012)

On loan[link]

Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Position Player
Italy GK Enrico Alfonso (at Cremonese, co-owned with Chievo)
Romania FW Denis Alibec (at Mechelen)
Italy GK Francesco Bardi (Co-ownership with Livorno)
Slovenia GK Vid Belec (at Crotone)
Italy DF Simone Benedetti (at Gubbio, co-owned with Torino)
Italy FW Samuele Beretta (at Cuneo)
Italy FW Riccardo Bocalon (at Cremonese)
Italy DF Luca Caldirola (at Brescia)
Sweden MF Sebastian Carlsén (at Trelleborgs FF)
Italy DF Giulio Donati (at Padova)
No. Position Player
Italy DF Antonio Esposito (at Piacenza)
Kenya MF McDonald Mariga (at Parma)
Italy DF Andrea Mei (at VVV)
Ghana MF Sulley Muntari (at Milan)
Italy FW Aiman Napoli (at Prato)
Italy DF Felice Natalino (at Crotone)
Republic of Macedonia FW Goran Pandev (at Napoli)
Italy DF Michele Rigione (at Cremonese)
Senegal FW Mame Baba Thiam (at Avellino)

Youth team squad[link]

Non-playing staff[link]

Position Staff
Coach Italy Andrea Stramaccioni
Vice coach Italy Giuseppe Baresi
Technical assistant Italy Massimiliano Catini
Goalkeeper coach Italy Alessandro Nista
Chief of fitness coaches Italy Stefano Rapetti
Fitness coach Italy Federico Pannoncini
Match analyst Italy Michele Salzarulo
Chief of medical staff Italy Franco Combi
Doctor Italy Giorgio Panico
Rehabilitation coach Italy Andrea Scannavino
Rehabilitation coach Italy Maurizio Fanchini
Masseur
Physiotherapist
Italy Marco Dellacasa
Masseur
Physiotherapist
Italy Massimo Dellacasa
Masseur
Physiotherapist
Italy Luigi Sessolo
Rehabilitation staff Italy Andrea Galli
Rehabilitation staff Italy Alberto Galbiati
Technical Director Italy Marco Branca
Sporting Director Italy Piero Ausilio

Last updated: 27 March 2012
Source: F.C. Internazionale Milano

Retired numbers[link]

3Italy Giacinto Facchetti, left back, 1960–1978 (posthumous honour). The number was retired on 8 September 2006. The last player to wear the shirt was Argentinian center back Nicolás Burdisso, who took on the number 16 shirt for the rest of the season.[37]

Notable players[link]

One-club men[link]

No. Player Nationality Position Inter debut Last match
1 Piero Campelli  Italy goalkeeper 01910-01-3030 January 1910 01924-11-099 November 1924
2 Ermanno Aebi  Italy forward 01910-04-1010 April 1910 01922-11-1212 November 1922
3 Armando Castellazzi  Italy midfielder 01924-02-2424 February 1924 01936-03-088 March 1936
4 Giacinto Facchetti  Italy left back 01961-05-033 May 1961 01978-05-077 May 1978
5 Sandro Mazzola  Italy attacking midfielder, inside forward 01961-06-1010 June 1961 01977-11-088 November 1977
6 Giuseppe Bergomi  Italy right back, central back 01980-01-3030 January 1980 01999-05-2323 May 1999

Presidential history[link]

Inter have had numerous presidents over the course of their history, some of which have been the owners of the club, others have been honorary presidents. Here is a complete list of them.[38]

 
Name Years
Giovanni Paramithiotti 1908–1909
Ettore Strauss 1909–1910
Carlo de Medici 1910–1912
Emilio Hirzel 1912–1914
Luigi Ansbacher 1914
Giuseppe Visconti di Modrone 1914–1919
Giorgio Hulss 1919–1920
 
Name Years
Francesco Mauro 1920–1923
Enrico Olivetti 1923–1926
Senatore Borletti 1926–1929
Ernesto Torrusio 1929–1930
Oreste Simonotti 1930–1932
Ferdinando Pozzani 1932–1942
Carlo Masseroni 1942–1955
 
Name Years
Angelo Moratti 1955–1968
Ivanoe Fraizzoli 1968–1984
Ernesto Pellegrini 1984–1995
Massimo Moratti 1995–2004
Giacinto Facchetti 2004–2006
Massimo Moratti 2006–present

Managerial history[link]

In Internazionale's history, 55 coaches have coached the club. The first manager was Virgilio Fossati. Helenio Herrera had the longest reign as Internazionale coach, with nine years (eight consecutive) in charge, and is the most successful coach in Inter history with three Scudetti, two European Cups, and two Intercontinental Cup wins. José Mourinho, who was appointed on 2 June 2008, and completed his first season in Italy by winning the Serie A league title and the Supercoppa Italiana, in the second season he won the first "treble" in Italian history, the Serie A league title, Coppa Italia and the UEFA Champions League in the season 2009–2010, becoming the second most successful coach in Inter history.

Trophies winners
Name Period Trophies Total
Domestic International
Se Cp Sc EC/CL UC ICp/CWC
Italy Virgilio Fossati 1909–1915
1
1
Italy Nino Resegotti 1919–1922
1
0
1
Hungary Árpád Weisz 1929–1931
1
1
Italy Armando Castellazzi 1936–1938
1
0
1
Austria Tony Cargnelli 1938–1940
1
1
2
Italy Alfredo Foni 1952–1955
2
2
Argentina Helenio Herrera 1960–1968, 1973
3
0
2
0
2
7
Italy Giovanni Invernizzi 1970–1973
1
0
0
0
0
1
Italy Eugenio Bersellini 1977–1982
1
2
0
0
0
3
Italy Giovanni Trapattoni 1986–1991
1
0
1
0
1
0
3
Italy Giampiero Marini 1994
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
Italy Luigi Simoni 1997–1998
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
Italy Roberto Mancini 2004–2008
3
2
2
0
0
0
7
Portugal José Mourinho 2008–2010
2
1
1
1
0
0
5
Spain Rafael Benítez 2010
0
0
1
0
0
1
2
Brazil Leonardo 2010–2011
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
Total 1909–
18
7
5
3
3
3
39

Honours[link]

Internazionale have won 30 domestic trophies, including the league eighteen times, the Coppa Italia seven and the Supercoppa Italiana five. From 2006 to 2010 the club won five successive league titles, equalling the all-time record.[39] They have won the Champions League three times; two back-to-back in 1964 and 1965 and then another in 2010. The last completed an unprecedented Italian treble with the Coppa Italia and the Scudetto. The club has also won three UEFA Cups, two Intercontinental Cups and one FIFA Club World Cup.

National titles[link]

Serie A:

Coppa Italia:

Supercoppa Italiana:

International titles[link]

The following titles include only those which are recognised by UEFA and FIFA.

World-wide titles[link]

Intercontinental Cup: [41]

Intercontinental Supercup:

  • Runners-up (1): 1968

FIFA Club World Cup:

European titles[link]

European Cup/Champions League:

UEFA Cup:

UEFA Super Cup:

  • Runners-up (1): 2010

Club statistics and records[link]

Javier Zanetti holds Internazionale' official appearance record (795 as of 22 April 2012). He took over from Giuseppe Bergomi on 20 September 2011 against Novara. He also holds the record for Italian Serie A appearances with 568 (as of 22 April 2012).

Including all official competitions, Giuseppe Meazza is the all-time leading goalscorer for Internazionale, with 284 goal. Meazza still holds the record for the most goals scored in a debut season in Serie A, with 31 goals in his first season (1929–30). The year before, when Serie A did not exist, and the Italian Championship was composed of 2 leagues (North and Central-South) with playoffs, Meazza played 29 matches, scoring 38 goals at the age of 18 years.

During the 2006–07 season, Inter went on a record-breaking run of 17 consecutive victories in Serie A, starting on September 25, 2006 with a 4-1 home victory over Livorno, and ending on February 28, 2007, after a 1-1 draw at home to Udinese. The 5-2 away win at Catania on February 25, 2007 broke the original record of 15 matches held by both Bayern Munich & Real Madrid from the "Big 5" (the top flight leagues in England, Italy, Spain, France & Germany). The run lasted for almost 5 months and holds among the best in European league football, with just Benfica (29 wins), Celtic (25 wins) and PSV Eindhoven (22 wins) bettering the run. Inter's form dipped a little as they scored 0-0 and 2-2 draws against relegation-battlers Reggina and slumping Palermo (respectively), the latter game featuring a second-half comeback after Palermo went up 2-0 at halftime. They could not keep their invincible form near the end of the season as well, as they lost their first game of the domestic season to Roma in the San Siro 3-1 thanks to two late Roma goals. Inter had enjoyed an unbeaten Serie A run for just under a year.

FC Internazionale Milano as a company[link]

FC Internazionale Milano S.p.A.
Revenue decrease €268,827,275 (2010–11)
Operating income decrease (€85,712,530) (2010–11)
Net income decrease (€86,813,786) (2010–11)
Total assets decrease €455,690,888 (2010–11)
Total equity decrease (€24,179,237) (2010–11)
Owner(s) Massimo Moratti (96.44%)
C.M.C. SpA (1.83%)
Pirelli
Parent Internazionale Holding (98.2%)
Subsidiaries Inter Brand (100%)
Inter Futura (100%)
Consorzio San Siro 2000 (joint venture)

According to the Deloitte Football Money League, Inter recorded revenues of €196.5 million (₤167.4 million) in the 2008–09 season to rank in 9th place, one behind Juventus in 8th place, and ahead of city rivals AC Milan in 10th place.[42] The club beat their previous season earnings of €172.9 million (₤136.9 million),[42] and for the first time since The Football Money League's inception, Inter overtook AC Milan in the rankings.

Revenue percentages were divided up between matchday (14%, €28.2m), broadcasting (59%, €115.7m, +7%, +€8m) and commercial (27%, €52.6m, +43%, €15.8m). Kit sponsors Nike and Pirelli contributed €18.1m and €9.3m respectively to commercial revenues, while broadcasting revenues were boosted €1.6m (6%) by Champions League distribution.

For the 2010/2011 season, Serie A clubs will start negotiating club TV rights collectively rather than individually. This is predicted to result in lower broadcasting revenues for Inter, with smaller clubs gaining from the loss.

Inter's matchday revenues amounted to only €1.1m per home game, compared to €2.6m among the top six earners.

Deloitte expressed the idea that issues in Italian football, particularly matchday revenue issues were holding Inter back compared to other European giants, and developing their own stadia would result in Serie A clubs being more competitive on the world stage.[43]

Inter also has one of the biggest financial "black-holes" among the Italian clubs, which in 2006–07 had a net loss of €206 million[44] (€112 million extraordinary basis, due to the change in accounting standard for amortization of transfer fee, covered by proposed capital increases of €99 million), 2007–08 a net loss of €148,271,266,[45] 2008–09 a net loss of €154,423,469[46] (covered by a proposed capital increase of 70 million,[47] later increased to €90 million[46]), 2009–10 €69,045,804[46] (covered by a proposed capital increase of €40 million and €30 million during the 2011–12 season)[48] It was contributed by the sales of Ibrahimović, the treble and the release clause of coach José Mourinho. The most recent result was a net loss of €86,813,786,[49] which already included a extraordinary income of €13 million from RAI. Another re-capitalization of €40M[49] was proposed in order to cover the negative equity of €24,179,237 on 30 June 2011.

Kit manufacturers & Shirt sponsors[link]

Period Kit manufacturer Shirt sponsor
1979–1981 Puma
1981/1982 Inno-Hit
1982–1986 Mecsport Misura
1986–1988 Le Coq Sportif
1988–1991 Uhlsport
1991/1992 Umbro FitGar
1992–1995 Fiorucci
1995–1998 Pirelli
1998–2018 Nike

See also[link]

Historical information[link]

Lists[link]

Records and recognitions[link]

Economic rankings[link]

References[link]

  1. ^ http://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/StatDoc/competitions/UCL/01/67/63/78/1676378_DOWNLOAD.pdf
  2. ^ "Chelsea 0–1 Inter Milan (agg 1–3)". BBC Sport. 16 March 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/8568613.stm. Retrieved 16 March 2010. 
  3. ^ http://www.lequipe.fr/Football/FootballFicheClub120.html
  4. ^ "Italy – List of Champions". RSSSF. http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/italchamp.html%7Cpublisher=RSSSF. 
  5. ^ "Struttura" (in Italian). sansiro.net. San Siro. http://www.sansiro.net/struttura.asp. Retrieved 4 October 2010. 
  6. ^ "Is this the greatest derby in world sports?". Theroar.com.au. 2010-01-26. http://www.theroar.com.au/2010/01/26/is-this-the-greatest-derby-in-the-world/. Retrieved 2011-09-28. 
  7. ^ "Italia, il paese nel pallone" (in Italian) (PDF). demos.it. 24 September 2010. pp. 3, 9–10. http://www.demos.it/2010/pdf/143320100924calcio.pdf. Retrieved 20 July 2011. 
  8. ^ Ranking of European teams supporters: Barcelona first with 57.8 million, followed by Real Madrid (31.3 million), Manchester United (30.6 million), Chelsea (21.4 million), Bayern Munich (20.7 million) and Milan (18.4 million). "Tifo: Barcellona la regina d'Europa" (in Italian). Sport Mediaset. 9 September 2010. http://www.sportmediaset.mediaset.it/calcio/articoli/articolo41645.shtml. Retrieved 10 September 2010.  "Calcio, Barcellona club con più tifosi in Europa, Inter 8/a" (in Italian). la Repubblica. 9 September 2010. http://sport.repubblica.it/news/sport/calcio-barcellona-club-con-piu-tifosi-in-europa-inter-8a/3835303.html?refresh_ce. Retrieved 10 September 2010. 
  9. ^ "Soccer Team Valuations". forbes.com (Forbes). 30 April 2008. http://www.forbes.com/lists/2008/34/biz_soccer08_Soccer-Team-Valuations_Rank.html. Retrieved 4 October 2010. 
  10. ^ "ECA Members". ecaeurope.com. European Club Association. http://www.ecaeurope.com/Default.aspx?id=1082680. Retrieved 4 October 2010. 
  11. ^ "Storia". FC Internazionale Milano. http://www.inter.it/en/societa/storia.html. Retrieved 2007-09-06. 
  12. ^ "F.C. Internazionale statement". FC Internazionale Milano. 29 May 2008. http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?N=29393&L=en. Retrieved 29 May 2008. 
  13. ^ "Nuovo allenatore: Josè Mourinho all'Inter" (in Italian). FC Internazionale Milano. 2 June 2008. http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?N=41433&L=it. Retrieved 2 June 2008. 
  14. ^ "Official: Inter sign Mancini". Goal.com. 20 July 2008. http://www.goal.com/en/Articolo.aspx?ContenutoId=777599. Retrieved 20 July 2008. 
  15. ^ "Official: Inter sign Muntari". Goal.com. 28 July 2008. http://www.goal.com/en-us/Articolo.aspx?ContenutoId=794438. Retrieved 15 August 2008. 
  16. ^ Adam, Scime (1 September 2008). "Official: Quaresma Joins Inter". Goal.com. http://www.goal.com/en/Articolo.aspx?ContenutoId=843526. Retrieved 1 September 2008. 
  17. ^ . http://www.tsn.ca/soccer/story/?id=316882. 
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  19. ^ "Jose Mourinho's Treble-chasing Inter Milan win Serie A". BBC Sport. 16 May 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/8685518.stm. Retrieved 24 May 2010. 
  20. ^ "Mourinho unveiled as boss of Real". BBC News. 31 May 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/8708315.stm. 
  21. ^ "TP Mazembe 0–3 Internazionale". ESPN Soccernet. 18 December 2010. http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=309865&cc=5739. Retrieved 18 December 2010. 
  22. ^ "Inter and Benitez separate by mutual agreement". inter.it. 23 December 2010. http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?N=35392&L=en. 
  23. ^ "Welcome Leonardo! Inter's new coach". inter.it. 24 December 2010. http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?N=35398&L=en. 
  24. ^ "Transfer news: Ranocchia signs until 2015". inter.it. 3 January 2011. http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?N=35441&L=en. 
  25. ^ "Welcome to Inter, Giampaolo Pazzini!". inter.it. 28 January 2011. http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?N=35679&L=en. 
  26. ^ "Transfers: Kharja joins Inter". inter.it. 29 January 2011. http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?N=35683&L=en. 
  27. ^ "Yuto Nagatomo joins Inter". inter.it. 31 January 2011. http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?N=35718&L=en. 
  28. ^ "9 marzo 1908, 43 milanisti fondano l'Inter". ViviMilano.it. 24 June 2007. http://www.corriere.it/vivimilano/speciali/inter/index.shtml. 
  29. ^ a b c "AC Milan vs. Inter Milan". FootballDerbies.com. 25 July 2007. http://www.footballderbies.com/honours/index.php?id=30. 
  30. ^ http://emeroteca.coni.it/?q=node/6&f=822&p=1
  31. ^ "Ambrosiana S.S 1928". Toffs.com. 24 June 2007. http://www.toffs.com/icat/ambrosiana. 
  32. ^ "AC Milan considering move to new stadium". People's Daily Online. 25 July 2007. http://english.people.com.cn/200510/07/eng20051007_212984.html. 
  33. ^ "Research: Supporters of football clubs in Italy" (in Italian). La Repubblica official website. August 2007. http://www.repubblica.it/2007/08/sezioni/sport/calcio/tifo-contro/tifo-contro/tifo-contro.html. 
  34. ^ "Milan game ended by crowd trouble". BBC.co.uk. 25 July 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/4432047.stm. 
  35. ^ http://www.rangers.it/avversari/inter.html
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  37. ^ http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?L=en&N=23876&stringa=facchetti%203
  38. ^ "Tutti I Presidenti". InterFC.it. 8 June 2007. http://www.interfc.it/Presidenti.asp. 
  39. ^ "Italy – List of Champions". RSSSF. http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/italchamp.html%7Cpublisher=RSSSF. 
  40. ^ This title awarded through the courts following the Calciopoli scandal.
  41. ^ Up until 2004, the main tournament to determine football's World Champions was the Intercontinental Champions Club' Cup (so called European / South American Cup); since then, it has been the FIFA Club World Cup.
  42. ^ a b http://www.deloitte.com/view/en_GB/uk/industries/sportsbusinessgroup/d039400401a17210VgnVCM100000ba42f00aRCRD.htm
  43. ^ https://www.deloitte.co.uk/registrationforms/pdf/DeloitteFML2010.pdf
  44. ^ "Assemblea dei Soci: approvato il bilancio" (in Italian). FC Internazionale Milano (www.inter.it). 27 December 2007. http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?N=39878&L=it. Retrieved 5 August 2011. 
  45. ^ FC Internazionale Milano SpA Report and Accounts on 30 June 2008 (Italian)
  46. ^ a b c (in Italian) FC Internazionale Milano Spa 2009–10 Bilancio. Registro Imprese & C.C.I.A.A.. ca. January 2011. 
  47. ^ "Assemblea Soci Inter: approvato il bilancio" (in Italian). FC Internazionale Milano (www.inter.it). 26 October 2009. http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?N=46182&L=it. Retrieved 5 August 2011. 
  48. ^ "Assemblea Soci Inter: ricavi, oltre 300 milioni" (in Italian). FC Internazionale Milano (www.inter.it). 28 October 2010. http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?N=50038&L=it. Retrieved 5 August 2011. 
  49. ^ a b "Assemblea Soci Inter: approvato il bilancio" (in Italian). FC Internazionale Milano (www.inter.it). 28 October 2011. http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?N=54903&L=it. Retrieved 22 February 2012. 

External links[link]

Official websites

http://wn.com/F.C._Internazionale_Milano




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Chours (C-Murder)
Running from the police, they never capture me
Running from the police, they never capture me
Running from the police, they never capture me
Running from the motherfucking police
Verse 1 (C-Murder)
The got a warrant on my head, wanna see me dead or alive
Why, catch the news at five
Roundin hundreds, pullin kickdoes, I'm poppin' no does
I can't sleep unless I make it across the border
Mexico, Cancoon, hope I make it soon
On the beach with a freak looking at the moon
And the stars, cause the police cars got me spooked
Everytime I see the boys in blue
I wanna run and get the gun and start bustin' for fun
Hid in trees never waitin' on the outcome (outcome)
Will I ever see the penn or will they ever capture me
I don't know, I'm just running from the police
Chours
Verse 2 (Mystikal)
I'm the nigga thats coming with the gun puttin them shots up, shots up
Smoking dope and running from the police, nigga now watch out, watch out
Uptown niggas to the downtown killas, handle your business, stealing niggas
On my mind, cock it up, straight it bout to scare them niggas
Till they grab me, then the bitch gon' frisk
I say 'fuck business' and the bitch close this
Huh, you roughed me up and that bitch they copped me up
You bitches gon' have to straight up fuck me up just to shut me up
Fuckin' right I got the gun, these niggas ain't playing
Smell like weed because I've been smoking weed, what you sayin
Man, so see I can't stand the five O
Always fuckin' with somebody, then I'm broke
Chorus
Verse 3 (C-Murder)
Taz, taz on my motherfuckin' trail and it's hard
Try to hide in the ride when I make it to the northside
Dirty gat in the Lac with the broken tail lights
If they catch me they gon' read me my rights
Sike, many years, many felons, many two elevens
Booquo stores they cause in the motherfuckin' murder charge
My rap sheet is kind of long but I'm strong
Word is born, it all started when I listened to a rap song
Hella blunts, gettin' blunted, never stunted
Now I'm running like a dummy if it's sued in some fast money
I gotta creep cause them motherfuckers after me
And I'm running from the motherfucking police
Chorus x2

That's right, just ask the pig with meat
That you lose your heart because you spend money to fulfill
That girl laughs at your sorry face
That's right, the love underneath your suit
That's right, the politeness underneath the suit
Even if you don't know the answer to the simple question of C
The eyes to see the reality is far more important
I laugh at the sorry sky
That's right, the love underneath the sunny day
That's right, underneath the sunny day...
All you people looking at me, you just say what you want
You never come and reach your hand out to me
You buy love for me on my birthday
Today its cloudy and partly rain
Actuality, I want to love the world before me
Actuality I do, but
dead freedom
If you've forgotten how to scream then scream right here and live right here
I will scream as much as I want and if my voice dies, then let my voice die
If you've forgotten how to scream then scream right here and live right here
I will scream no matter how many times I die My voice will die
But I will scream right here my heart

Beautiful hands touch my soul
Eyes full of fire, you make me whole
Never did I feel like this before
I didn't even know what's it all for
To make you see what you mean to me
Ain't no other way it was meant to be
This moment's we share
God knows how I care
Blood in, blood out
I'll always be there
I close my eyes and let me forget
Blind, disguised there's no regrets
No secrets, closed all the bets
No time at all to feel depressed
Cause when I feel like crying
You make me smile
And when I think I'm dying
I come alive
The feeling I get from you makes me fly so high
I wanna lose my mind
After all it all goes down
After all it all comes out
I lay me down in a secret bliss
Couldn't even tell you how it feels
The ground beneath my feet is on fire
But I can't feel it I'm already higher
Flying way above all my dreams
Making use of what coluld never be
And I guess I thought it was all in my head
Inside my mind, but no it wasn't dead
Golden gates that couldn't be opened
All of a sudden the lock was broken
Four words were spoken, I must've been hoping
Something so great inside me was awokened
I felt the flames burning my soul
My only goal was to fill that hole
Then I saw your eyes and they were saying