Ijebu (also known as Jebu or Geebu^[1]) was a Yoruba kingdom in pre-colonial Nigeria. It formed around the fifteenth century. According to legend, its ruling dynasty was founded by Obanta of Ile-Ife. Scholars today have also identified the influence of the Benin Empire in the court art and ritual of the Ijebu.

The kingdom was one of the most developed in the region with a complex and highly organized government. The capital was at Ijebu Ode where the Awujale had his palace. Counterbalancing the Awujale was the Osugbo (known as the Ogboni in other parts of Nigeria), a council of all free born men that acted as the kingdom's courts. The Osugbo was divided into six groups based on rank, the highest being the iwarefa, whose head the Oliwa was the second most powerful figure in the nation. Also powerful was the Olisa who could be described as the mayor of Ijebu Ode. Like many African societies, Ijebu was also divided into three age ranks and these groups each had their own leaders.

The state rose in power in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries mainly due to its important position on the trade routes between Lagos and Ibadan. The kingdom imposed sharp limits on trade insisting that all trade through the region be conducted by Ijebu merchants. The monopoly brought great wealth to the kingdom, but also annoyed Europeans.

Despite its wealth the kingdom fell into internal conflict in the late nineteenth century. The kingdom never had a strong military and had long been forced to rely on mercenaries. These foreigners further destabilized the nation.

In 1892 the British attacked Ijebu in response to its barriers on trade. The British were successful and occupied the capital, burning the meeting hall of the Osugbo. The British army employed Maxim guns, according to the soldier-adventurer Frederick Lugard. In defending himself against charges of excessive death rates in Uganda from his own use of the gun, he stated: "On the West Coast, in the 'Jebu' war, undertaken by Government, I have been told 'several thousands' were mowed down by the Maxim."^[2]

For several years the capital was occupied by British troops as the kingdom was annexed to the colony of Southern Nigeria.

References[link]

• Peter C. Lloyd, "Ijebu" African Kingships in Perspective

v t e Precolonial Yoruba states of Yorubaland Ife (state) · Oyo · Owo (state) · Ketou (state) · Awori · Sabe · Popo · Ila (Igbomina) · Ijebu · Ibadan · Ilorin · Eko · Egba (Ake, Owu, Okeona, Gbagura, Ibara) · Egbado · Ekiti

Ebenezer Obey (born 3 April 1942), nicknamed the "Chief Commander", is a Nigerian jùjú musician.^[1]

Early life[link]

Obey, whose full name is Ebenezer Remilekun Aremu Olasupo Obey-Fabiyi, was born in Idogo, Ogun State, Nigeria of Egba–Yoruba ethnic background. He is of the Owu subgroup of the Egba.

Career[link]

He began his professional career in the mid-1950s after moving to Lagos. After tutelage under Fatai Rolling-Dollar's band, he formed a band called The International Brothers in 1964, playing highlife–jùjú fusion. The band later metamorphosed into Inter-Reformers in the early-1970s, with a long list of Juju album hits on the West African Decca musical label.

Obey began experimenting with Yoruba percussion style and expanding on the band by adding more drum kits, guitars and talking drums. Obey's musical strengths lie in weaving intricate Yoruba axioms into dance-floor compositions. As is characteristic of Nigerian Yoruba social-circle music, the Inter-Reformers band excel in praise-singing for rich Nigerian socialites and business tycoons. Obey, however, is also renowned for Christian spiritual themes in his music and has since the early-1990s retired into Nigerian gospel music ministry.

Personal life[link]

Obey married Juliana Olaide Olufade in 1963.^[2] His wife, known as Lady Evangelist Juliana Obey-Fabiyi, died at Lagos State University Teaching Hospital on 23 August 2011, aged 67. They have several children and grand children.^[3]

Partial discography[link]

• 1964 Ewa Wo Ohun Ojuri
• 1965 Aiye Gba Jeje b/w Ifelodun*Gari Ti Won b/w Orin Adura
• 1966 Awolowo Babawa Tide b/w Oluwa Niagbara Emi Mi*Palongo b/w Teti Ko Gboro Kan*Oro Miko Lenso b/w Orin Ajinde*Late Justice Olumide Omololu b/w Iyawo Ti Mo Ko Fe
• 1967 Olomi Gbo Temi b/w Maria Odeku*To Keep Nigeria One b/w Awa Sope Odun Titun*Edumare Lon Pese b/w Omo Olomo*Ope Fun Oluwa b/w Paulina
• 1968 Ore Mi E Si Pelepele b/w Ajo Ni Mo wa*Ijebu L'ade b/w Lati Owolabi*Col. Ben Adekunle b/w Ori Bayemi*Lolade Wilkey b/w Adetunji Adeyi*Gbe Bemi Oluwa b/w Olowo Laiye Mo
• 1969 Ode To Nso Eledumare b/w Pegan Pegan*Sanu-olu b/w K'Oluwa So Pade Wa*London Lawa Yi b/w Oro Seniwo*Isokan Nigeria / etc.*Eni Mayo Ayo / etc1969/1970*Emi Yio Gbe Oluwa Ga b/w Ise Teni
• 1970 Lawyer Adewuyi*Ala Taja Bala b/w Ohun Toluwa Ose*Ogun Pari / etc.*In London*On The Town
• 1971 Ija Pari (Part One) b/w Ija Pari (Part Two)*Esa Ma Miliki b/w Awon Alhaji*Face to Face b/w Late Rex Lawson*Oro Nipa Lace b/w Yaro Malaika
• 1972 Late Oba Gbadelo II*Board Members*Vol.4: Aiye Wa A Toro*In London Vol. 3*Odun Keresimesi
• 1973 And His Miliki Sound*The Horse, The Man and His Son*E Je Ka Gbo T'Oluwa*Adeventure of Mr. Music*Mo Tun Gbe De
• 1974 Inter-Reformers A Tunde*Eko Ila*Around the World*Iwalka Ko Pe
• 1975 Mukulu Muke Maa Jo*Ota Mi Dehin Lehin Mi*Alo Mi Alo*Edumare Dari Jiwon
• 1976 Late Great Murtara Murtala Ramat Muhammed*Operation Feed The Nation
• 1977 Eda To Mose Okunkun*Immortal Sings for Travellers*Adam and Eve
• 1978 Igba Owuro Lawa*Oluwa Ni Olusa Aguntan Mi*No Place Be Like My Country Nigeria
• 1979 In the Sixties Vol.1*In the Sixties Vol.2*Igba Laiye*Sky*E Wa Kiye Soro Mi*Omo Mi Gbo Temi
• 1980 Leave Everything to God*Current Affairs*Sound of the Moment*Eyi Yato
• 1981 Joy of Salvation*What God Has Joined Together
• 1982 Celebration*Austerity*Precious Gift
• 1983 Ambition*Singing for the People*Greatest Hits Vol. 3*Je Ka Jo*Thank You (Ose)
• 1984 The Only Condition to Save Nigeria*Solution*Peace1985*Security*My Vision
• 1986 Gbeja Mi Eledumare*Satisfaction*Providence
• 1987 Aimasiko*Immortality*Victory*Patience
• 1988 Determination*Vanity
• 1989 Formula 0-1-0*Get Yer Jujus Out
• 1990 Count Your Blessing*On the Rock
• 1991 Womanhood
• 1993 Good News
• 1994 I Am a Winner*Walking Over (1994 ?)
• 1995 The Legend
• 1999 Millennial Blessings
• 2000 Promised Land
• 2002 Ase Oluwa

Notes[link]

References[link]

• Christopher Alan Waterman (1990). Jùjú: A Social History and Ethnography of an African Popular Music. University Of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-87465-4. 

Further reading[link]

• Mike Awoyinfa; Ebenezer Obey (1992). Ebenezer Obey: the legend's own story. Egret Books. ISBN 978-978-2432-89-6. 
• Adebayo Mosobalaje (2011). Ebenezer Obey and the Aesthetics of the Yoruba World. Lambert Academic Publishing. ISBN 978-3-8443-9193-0. 
• Ebenezer Obey (September/October 1981). "Need to put God first...". Africa Music 5: 17–19. 

External links[link]

• Definitive Compilation of Ebenezer Obey's Discography by Toshiya Endo
• Listen to Aimasiko Lo Ndamu Eda