Gender is a range of characteristics of femininity, masculinity and others described as third gender. Depending on the context, the describing characteristics vary from sex to social roles (gender roles) to gender identity. The academic interdisciplinary field gender studies focuses on gender. Sexologist John Money introduced the terminological distinction between biological sex and gender as a role in 1955. Before his work, it was uncommon to use the word "gender" to refer to anything but grammatical categories. However, Money's meaning of the word did not become widespread until the 1970s, when feminist theory embraced the distinction between biological sex and the social construct of gender. Today, the distinction is strictly followed in some contexts, like medicine,social sciences, feminist literature, documents written by organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), and in some dictionaries, but in many contexts, even in some areas of social sciences, the meaning of gender has expanded to include "sex" or even to replace the latter word. Although this gradual change in the meaning of gender can be traced to the 1980s, a small acceleration of the process in the scientific literature was observed when the Food and Drug Administration started to use "gender" instead of "sex" in 1993. "Gender" is now commonly used even to refer to the physiology of non-human animals, without any implication of social gender roles.

Judith Butler (born February 24, 1956) is an American post-structuralist philosopher, who has contributed to the fields of feminism, queer theory, political philosophy, and ethics. She is a professor in the Rhetoric and Comparative Literature departments at the University of California, Berkeley. Butler received her Ph.D. in philosophy from Yale University in 1984, for a dissertation subsequently published as Subjects of Desire: Hegelian Reflections in Twentieth-Century France. In the late-1980s she held several teaching/research appointments, and was involved in "post-structuralist" efforts within Western feminist theory to question the "presuppositional terms" of feminism.

Her research ranges from literary theory, modern philosophical fiction, feminist and sexuality studies, to 19th- and 20th-century European literature and philosophy, Kafka and loss, mourning and war. Her most recent work focuses on Jewish philosophy, exploring pre- and post-Zionist criticisms of state violence. Politically, she is a strong supporter of Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions against Israel.

Tomasz Lis [ˈtɔmaʂ ˈlis] ( listen) (born March 6, 1966, Zielona Góra) is one of the most popular Polish journalists, former TV anchor of “TVN Fakty” ("TVN Facts") and “Wydarzenia” ("Events").

Tomasz Lis began his career in TVP (Polish Public Television) in 1990 after winning an open competition for the post of a newsreader.

Since 1994, until 1997 correspondent in Washington, D.C. for TVP.

From 1997 to 2004 co-author of “TVN Fakty” on Polish television station TVN.

From 2006 to 2007 chief editor of "Wydarzenia" Polsat.

In 2003 published his book, Co z tą Polską? (What's with Poland?) which has become a bestseller in Poland (selling over 100,000 copies).

As at end 2010, up to February 2012, Editor-in-Chief of the current affairs weekly "Wprost".

He married Kinga Rusin in June 1994, divorced on June 27, 2006 They have two daughters: Pola and Iga. In 2007 married a Polish journalist Hanna Smoktunowicz.

Wojciech Cejrowski - (27 June 1964 Elbląg) - is a Polish traveller, television and radio journalist, writer, Catholic publicist, satirist, photographer.

Wojciech Cejrowski graduated: the XVII High School by the name of Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski in Warsaw; Aleksander Zelwerowicz State Theatre Academy; Catholic University of Lublin, University of Warsaw, Santa Clara University.

Wojciech Cejrowski is a member of the following organizations:

His most widely known TV programme is called WC Kwadrans (WC Quarter) which was broadcast in Polish TV (1994–1996). This controversial, sharp, witty and funny programme was watched by three million viewers and nobody was left unconcerned.^{[citation needed]} But there also were other programmes. Wojciech Cejrowski started his TV career by cooperating with Wojciech Mann in his Non Stop Kolor show (Non-stop Color) broadcast on Polish TV (1992–1994). At the time he was conducting his own WC Kwadrans (WC Quarter). He also was the host of the Stajnia show (The Stable) that was broadcast by Polish TV and then by local TVs all over the country. During the 1996–1997 season he recorded a series of programmes (that consisted of 30 episodes) for the TV Niepokalanów (now called TV Puls). The cycle was about Wojciech Cejrowski's travels to South America. In 1997 Wojciech Cejrowski started his cooperation with channel RTL 7. First he was in the group of Polish satirists (Jan Pietrzak, Jan Tadeusz Stanisławski, Krzysztof Daukszewicz and others) that was commentating Polish reality and then (1999–2000) along with Alicja Resich-Modlińska he hosted a talk show Piękny i Bestia (Beauty and the Beast in which he was the Beauty). Lately Wojciech Cejrowski worked for Polsat - he was the host of his own show Z kamerą wśród ludzi (Among People with a Camera - 2003–2004) that was also broadcast by TV 4 and Polsat 2. The cycle had the fourth biggest public in Poland (2.5 million people).