The process uses large stones to roughen up the fabric being processed. The garments are placed in a large horizontal industrial clothes washer that is also filled with large stones. As the wash cylinder rotates, the cloth fibers are repeatedly pounded and beaten as the tumbling stones ride up the paddles inside the drum and fall back down onto the fabric.
A number of people and organizations have claimed to have invented stone-washing. According to Levi Strauss & Co., Donald Freeland, an employee of the Great Western Garment Company (later acquired by Levi's), invented "stone-washing" denim in the 1950s. Inventor Claude Blankiet has also been credited with having invented the technique in the 1970's. The jeans company Edwin claims to have invented the technique in the 1980's.
The fungus ''Trichoderma'' is also commonly used in the process of "stone-washing" jean material. Since the fungus decomposes cellulose with the enzymes that it produces, this allows for the characteristic appearance that the jeans have been washed with a stone.
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