People of Arya Zamin - مردم از آریا زمین Professor Abdul Latif Pedram (عبداللطيف پدرام) is a writer, poet, journalist, and professor of Persian literature, said that Balkh and Ghazni were the Headquarter of Arya Zamin - آریا زمین (Ariana) and are considered as some of the most brilliant eras of (Arya Zamin - آریا زمین) Numerous valuable works in Farsi (Persian) literature were written.Herat, Ghazni and were the centers of all these cultural developments. Before 17- centuries the Iranians present was not considered as an occupation in Afghanistan. Bahram Moshiri an Iranian historian, said that the Afghans always defended Iran from the foreign invasion in the past. The rule of Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi (سلطان محمود غزنوی) was the golden age and height of the Ghaznavid Empire. Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi carried out seventeen expeditions through India to establish his control and set up tributary states, and his raids also resulted in the looting of a great deal of plunder. He established his authority from the borders of Kurdistan to Samarkand, from the Caspian Sea to the Yamuna. Farsi literary culture enjoyed a renaissance under the Ghaznavids during the 11th century. The Ghaznavid court was so renown for its patronizing of Persian literature, that the poet Farrukhi traveled from his home province to work for them. The poet Unsuri's short collection of poetry was dedicated to Sultan Mahmud and his brothers Nasr and Yaqub. Another poet of the Ghaznavid court, Manuchehri, wrote numerous poems to the merits and advantages of drinking wine. Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi, modelling the Samanid Bukhara as a cultural center, made Ghazni into a center of learning, even inviting Ferdowsi and al-Biruni. He even attempted to persuade Abu Ali Sina Balkhi but was refused. Mahmud preferred that his fame and glory be publicized in Persian and hundreds of poets assembled at his court. He brought whole libraries from Rayy and Isfahan to Ghazni and even demanded that the Khwarizm Shah court send its men of learning to Ghazni. The periods of the Ghaznavids of Ghazni and Timurids of Herat are considered as some of the most brilliant eras of (Khorasan - Afghanistan) During these periods, there was a great cultural awakening. Many famous (Persian- Tajik) poets, scientists and scholars lived in this period. Numerous valuable works in Persian literature were written.Herat, Ghazni and were the centers of all these cultural developments. Shahnameh (شاهنامه) "meaning "The Book of Kings- Mahmud of Ghazni" (محمود غزنی) Shahnama is the most popular and influential national epic in Iran, According to legend, Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni offered Ferdowsi a gold piece for every couplet of the Shahnameh he wrote. The poet agreed to receive the money as a lump sum when he had completed the epic Ferdowsi he dedicated his work to the ruler, Mahmud of Ghazni. Shahnama (شاهنامه) had come from Ghazni (غزنی) to Iran. The Farsi language had developed in Ghazni and Bukhara. Afghanistan`s Dari was the official religious and literary language of (Sassanian empire), Dari has contributed to the majority of Persian borrowings in other Asian languages, such as Urdu, Punjabi,Gujarati,etc.as it was the administrative, official, cultural language of the Mughal Empire and served as the lingua franca throughout the South Asian subcontinent for centuries. The Dari language has a rich and colorful tradition of proverbs that deeply reflect Afghan culture and relationships. Abu Ali Sina Balkhi (ابو علی سینا بلخی) the Tajik philosopher whose paternal family hailed from Balkh. Ibn Sīnā, who travelled to Isfahan later in life to establish a medical school there, is known by some scholars as "the father of modern medicine". George Sarton called Ibn Sīnā "the most famous scientist of Islam and one of the most famous of all races, places, and times." Al-Farabi was another well-known Tajik philosopher and scientist of the 9th and 10th centuries, who, according to Ibn al-Nadim, was from the Faryab Province (ولایت فاریاب) in Afghanistan. Other notable scientists and philosophers are Abu Rayhan Biruni (astronomer, anthropologist, geographer, and mathematician), Abu Zayd Balkhi (polymath and a student of al-Kindi), Abu Ma'shar Balkhi (known as Albuxar in the west), and Abu Sa'id Sijzi, were all Tajiks of Afghanistan. Amir Smail Sanani, is considered the father of the Tajik nation. Rumi, Rudaki, Al-Farabi, Abu Muslim Khorasani, Abu Ali Sina Balkhi, Sanai Ghaznavi, Abu Rayan al Biruni- Sultan Ghiyas ad Din, Imam Bukhri, Imam Abu Hanifa, Nasi Khusraw, Amir Khusraw Balkhi, ,Jami, Ibn Balkhi, Shahid Balkhi, Rab"a Balkhi, Unsuri Balkhi, Khawaja Abdullah Anasri, Anvari Balkhi, Hassan Ghaznavi, Hajweri Ghaznawi, Sayyad Jamal al-Din Afghan, and all other Tajik heroes, poets, writers, philosophers and scientists, were all Tajiks of Afghanistan.

• published: 23 Jan 2014
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