Andrew Keen
Andrew Keen in Berlin in 2007
Born	c. 1960 (age 51–52) Hampstead, London [1]
Nationality	British-American
Alma mater	University of London (B.A.) University of California, Berkeley (M.A.)
Occupation	Author, professor, and entrepreneur
Known for	The Cult of the Amateur

Andrew Keen (born circa 1960^[2]) is a British-American entrepreneur and author. He is particularly known for his view that the current Internet culture and the Web 2.0 trend may be debasing culture, an opinion he shares with Jaron Lanier and Nicholas G. Carr among others. Keen is especially concerned about the way that the current Internet culture undermines the authority of learned experts and the work of professionals.

Life[link]

Keen was born in Hampstead, North London. He attended the University of London, studying History under Hugh Seton-Watson, a British historian and political scientist.^[3] Keen earned a bachelor's degree in history and then studied at the University of Sarajevo in Yugoslavia. Having been influenced by Josef Škvorecký, Danilo Kiš, Jaroslav Hašek and especially the writings of Franz Kafka;^[3] Keen relocated to America, where he earned a master's degree in political science from the University of California, Berkeley, studying under Ken Jowitt. After Berkeley, Keen taught modern history and politics at Tufts University, Northeastern University and the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Keen continued academic teaching while he developed a parallel career as a popular cultural critic and began utilizing the Internet in the early nineties. He currently lives in Berkeley, California, with his family.^[4]

Career[link]

Keen returned to Silicon Valley in 1995 and founded Audiocafe.com,^[3] which received funding from Intel and SAP. The firm folded in April 2000 and after the demise of Audiocafe.com, Keen worked at various technology companies including Pulse 3D, SLO Media, Santa Cruz Networks, Jazziz Digital and Pure Depth, where he was director of global strategic sales.^[3] In 2005, Keen founded AfterTV, intended to bring clarity, understanding and foresight to the post-TV-centric media and consumer landscape.^[5] Keen stated in October, 2007, that he is working on his new book, tentatively titled, Star Wars 2.0.^[6]

Criticism of Web 2.0[link]

Andrew Keen eating a cupcake in Oxford in 2010

In 2006, Keen wrote that Web 2.0 is a "grand utopian movement" similar to "communist society" as described by Karl Marx. He states:

It worships the creative amateur: the self-taught filmmaker, the dorm-room musician, the unpublished writer. It suggests that everyone--even the most poorly educated and inarticulate amongst us--can and should use digital media to express and realize themselves. Web 2.0 "empowers" our creativity, it "democratizes" media, it "levels the playing field" between experts and amateurs. The enemy of Web 2.0 is "elitist" traditional media.^[7]

— Andrew Keen, The Weekly Standard

On 5 June 2007, Keen released his first book The Cult of the Amateur, published by Doubleday Currency,^[8] and gave a talk at Google the same day.^[9] The book is critical of free, user-generated content websites such as Wikipedia, YouTube, Digg, Reddit and many others. In a BBC World Service documentary on Wikipedia in 2011, Keen recommends vigilance when reading Wikipedia, “Wikipedia should be the place you go to familiarize yourself with a product, or a subject, or an individual. But you should always go with a deep degree of skepticism assuming that the information is by definition unreliable, or incoherent, or badly written or simply wrong.”^{[citation needed]} He prominently featured in the 2008 Dutch documentary The Truth According to Wikipedia and was also featured in the 2010 American documentary Truth in Numbers.

Keen stresses the importance of media literacy and claims that user generated blogs, wiki's and other "democratized" media, can't match the resources of mainstream media outlets. Pointing to examples like being able to gather teams together, travel to dangerous locations (sometimes spending years in the region) and having skilled and experienced editors oversee the process.^[8] Keen forecasts that if the current web 2.0 mentality - where content is either given away or stolen - continues, in 25 years there won't exist a professional music business, newspaper industry or publishing business and challenges his audience to question whether we value these or not.^[10]

Keen discusses often-overlooked problems with participatory technology. He describes the Internet in amoral terms, saying it is a mirror of our culture. "We see irreverence, and vitality, and excitement. We see a youthfulness. But we also see, I think, many of the worst developments in modern cultural life, and, in particular, I think we see what I call digital narcissism, this embrace of the self. It's Time magazine's person of the year for last year was you."^[11] Keen is also heavily critical of anonymity on the Internet, believing that it makes us behave worse, not better. He says: "The Web's cherished anonymity can be a weapon as well as a shield."^[12] Showing that misbehavior using anonymity has been so widely adopted, new definitions such as "trolls" and "sock puppets" have emerged.

He is not without his critics on this. Tim O'Reilly has said "I find, Andrew Keen's, his whole pitch, I think he was just pure and simple looking for an angle, to create some controversy to sell a book, I don't think there's any substance whatever to his rants",^[13] saying this perhaps in response to Keen's critic of him in his book, "O'Reilly and his Silicon Valley acolytes are a mix of graying hippies, new media entrepreneurs, and technology geeks."^[14]

Keen currently writes about media on his site thegreatseduction.com, which redirects to his blog. Keen also produces a podcast on AfterTV.

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Andrew Keen

• Andrew Keen's blog
• AfterTV podcast
• AudioCafe.com, circa 1998 via Internet Archive

Robert Scoble
Born	(1965-01-18) January 18, 1965 (age 47) New Jersey
Occupation	Video blogger, Rackspace
Known for	Blogging, advocating technology
Spouse	Maryam Ghaemmaghami Scoble

Robert Scoble (born January 18, 1965) is an American blogger, technical evangelist, and author. Scoble is best known for his blog, Scobleizer, which came to prominence during his tenure as a technology evangelist at Microsoft. He is married to Maryam Ghaemmaghami Scoble. He has three children; one from a previous marriage and two with Maryam. He currently works for Rackspace and the Rackspace sponsored community site Building 43. He previously worked for Fast Company as a video blogger. He is also the co-author of Naked Conversations: How Blogs are Changing the Way Businesses Talk with Customers with Shel Israel.

Early life and education[link]

Scoble was born in New Jersey in 1965, and grew up about a kilometer from Apple Computer's head office in Silicon Valley.^[1]

In 1989 while studying in West Valley Community College he met Steve Wozniak, co-founder of Apple Computer, and persuaded him to donate $40,000 worth of Macintoshes to the college journalism department.^{[2][non-primary source needed]}

In 1993 he dropped out without finishing his degree in Journalism from San Jose State University's School of Journalism and Mass Communications (he still has one class to complete).^{[3][4][non-primary source needed]}

Career[link]

Scoble began his career in the 1980s helping run a discount camera store in San Jose (LZ Premiums). He sold cheap cameras with small or no profits, but made money from accessories.

After college he was working for Fawcette Technical Publications (as anything man - design, editing, helping plan the conferences like VBITS and VSLive!). His current wife Maryam was also working for Fawcette.

During the mid-1990s Scoble helped co-chair the Visual Basic SIG for SVForum, and was a frequent attendee and organizer for numerous local tech user groups.

In the late 1990s Scoble worked for Winnov (a manufacturer of webcams) supporting webcam users. During this time he was named a Microsoft MVP for his activity in Microsoft's NetMeeting support newsgroups, and for maintaining a NetMeeting information website.

He later left Fawcette and joined Dave Winer's UserLand Software, which was a content management and blogging software startup. He worked as a Director of Marketing. After the startup ran out of money, Robert worked for free for a month and eventually had to switch jobs.

He found a job at NEC Mobile Solutions as Sales Support Manager for TabletPC. His job responsibility was to answer all the phones and all the emails with support/sales requests. He had started using blogs to provide tech support and listen to feedback from NEC customers.

His blog was noticed by Vic Gundotra (then General Manager of Platform Evangelism at Microsoft), and Scoble accepted his offer to work at Microsoft.

Microsoft[link]

Scoble, Longhorn Evangelist

Scoble joined Microsoft in May 2003. He was part of the Channel 9 MSDN Video team, where he produced videos that showcased Microsoft employees and products.

Although Scoble often promoted Microsoft products like Tablet PCs and Windows Vista, he also frequently criticized his own employer and praised its competitors (such as Apple Computer and Google). He was unusual in the level of access he offered to his users, which included publishing his cell phone number on his blog and urging people to contact him directly with issues, as well as accepting comments on his blog. His support for Microsoft in his blog, however, drew controversy and in February 2005, he became the first person to earn the newly coined moniker of "spokesblogger."

The Economist described Scoble's influence in its February 15, 2005 edition:^[5]

On June 10, 2006 Scoble announced^[6] he was leaving Microsoft to join Podtech.net as vice president of media development with a higher salary accompanied by "a quite aggressive stock option"^[7] offer that could make him wealthy if his new company succeeded.^[8][9] According to Alexa Internet that day had the biggest traffic to his blog and PodTech over their lifetime.^[10] June 28, 2006 was his last day at Microsoft.

PodTech[link]

In 2006 Scoble joined PodTech with the title Vice President Media Development. On Monday, September 25 he released his first episode of the "Scoble Show" at http://www.podtech.net/scobleshow/.

Fast Company[link]

On December 11, 2007, while taking part in a panel discussion at the LeWeb3 Conference, Scoble inadvertently leaked news (by loading up a post on TechCrunch) that he would be leaving PodTech on January 14, 2008, and was likely to join Fast Company. He acknowledged the news on his blog on December 12 but stated that he had not yet signed on with Fast Company. He did a video interview about his plans here and leased studio space from Revision3.

On January 31, 2008, Scoble dedicated all his photos to the public domain.^[11]

On March 3, 2008, Scoble launched FastCompany.tv with two shows: FastCompany Live and ScobleizerTV. He characterizes the first as "a show done totally on cell phones." The second is similar to his previous show on PodTech, only with better equipment and a camera operator. The show is recorded with two cameras in 720p HD.^[12]

Though he no longer produces videos for FastCompany, he continues to write articles for their magazine.

Rackspace and Building 43[link]

On March 14, 2009, Scoble announced via his blog and on the Gillmor Gang that he was joining Rackspace. As part of his work there, he teamed up with the company to develop Building 43, a new content and social networking website.

Appearances[link]

On April 1, 2008, The Register ran an April fool's spoof claiming Robert Scoble was actually an IBM bot.^[13]

On November 14, 2007, he was a contestant on a game show at NewTeeVee Live^[14] featuring other internet celebrities such as Veronica Belmont, Casey McKinnon, Cali Lewis, Kevin Rose, Justin Kan, and others.^[15]

On November 6, 2006, Scoble appeared as a panelist on a CSPA^[16] event called "The New Age of Influence: The Impact of Social Computing on Media and Marketing".^[17]

Milliscoble[link]

In September 2008 followcost.com, a website which calculates how annoying it will be to follow anyone on Twitter, invented the milliscoble unit of measurement defined as: "1/1000 of the average daily Twitter status updates by Robert Scoble as of 10:09 CST September 25, 2008." At that time, Scoble was averaging 21.21 tweets per day, so a milliscoble is 0.02121 tweets per day. A person with a milliscoble rating of 1000 will be as annoying to follow as Scoble.^[18]

Bibliography[link]

• Scoble, Robert; Shel Israel (January 2006). Naked Conversations: How Blogs are Changing the Way Businesses Talk with Customers. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-74719-2. "We live in a time when most people don't trust big companies." 
• Foreword in The New Rules of Marketing and PR, 2ed (2010)^[19]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Robert Scoble

• Official website
• Scobleizer - Robert Scoble's Show on Spreaker.com
• ScobleShow - PodTech.net's ScobleShow
• Robert Scoble interview at Le Web3 in Paris France December 2007 video
• interview with Robert Scoble at Le Web 2008-Paris (with YouTube video)
• The Scoble Effect by Mark Fidelman

This article appears to be written like an advertisement. Please help improve it by rewriting promotional content from a neutral point of view and removing any inappropriate external links. (February 2012)

The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) is a standards and trade organization for the consumer electronics industry in the United States. The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) is the preeminent trade association promoting growth in the $173 billion U.S. consumer technology industry through technology policy, events, research, promotion and the fostering of business and strategic relationships. The CEA also puts on the annual International CES (Consumer Electronics Show).

CEA originally started as the Radio Manufacturers Association (RMA) in 1924. In 1950, it changed its name to Radio-Television Manufacturers Association (RTMA). In 1953, it changed its name to Radio-Electronics-Television Manufacturers Association (RETMA). It was then the Electronic Industries Association (EIA) from 1957 to 1998, when it became the Electronic Industries Alliance. In 1995, EIA's Consumer Electronics Group (CEG) became the Consumer Electronics Manufacturers Association (CEMA). In 1999, President Gary Shapiro announced the trade group's name change from CEMA to the Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and became an independent sector of the Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA).^[1]

Awards Program[link]

CEA has several awards programs for industry leaders, inventors, and products and technologies.

• Academy of Digital Pioneers: given out at the DTV Summit to recognize DTV leaders and those accomplishments that further the transition from analog television to digital

• Consumer Electronics Hall of Fame: To recognize the contributions of the true pioneers of the consumer electronics industry, CEA announced the first 50 inductees into its Consumer Electronics Hall of Fame at the 2000 International CES. Each year another bunch of inventors, engineers, business leaders, retailers and journalists are inducted into the Consumer Electronics Hall of Fame.

• Innovation Awards: Since 1976, the Innovations Design and Engineering Awards has given consumer technology manufacturers and developers an opportunity to have their newest products judged by a panel of designers, engineers and members of the trade press. The winning products are then showcased each year at the International Consumer Electronics Show, also produced by CEA.^[2]

Market Research[link]

For more than 75 years, CEA’s Market Activity Reports and Analysis (MARA) program has been providing consumer electronics industry statistics.

CEA consumer research reports contain a written analysis of the key points and essential take-aways, offering analysis about what consumers want from consumer technologies.

Membership[link]

CEA represents more than 2,200 corporate members. Membership is available for companies involved in the CE industry, including manufacturers, distributors, technology developers, retailers, dealers, and integrators. Associate membership is offered to companies providing B2B solutions for the CE industry, such as marketing and advertising firms, financial/investment institutes, and builders

Membership in CEA supports the CE industry, CEA policies and initiatives, and provides exclusive benefits to grow your CE business.

Leadership[link]

Gary Shapiro [1]/ President and CEO

See also[link]

• MyGreenElectronics
• International CES

Notes[link]

Douglas Rushkoff
Born	(1961-02-18) February 18, 1961 (age 51)
Occupation	American media theorist, writer, columnist, lecturer graphic novelist, documentarian
Alma mater	Princeton University California Institute of the Arts
Influences Marshall McLuhan, Neil Postman
rushkoff.com

Douglas Rushkoff (born 18 February 1961) is an American media theorist, writer, columnist, lecturer, graphic novelist and documentarian. He is best known for his association with the early cyberpunk culture, and his advocacy of open source solutions to social problems.

Rushkoff is most frequently regarded as a media theorist, and known for coining terms and concepts including viral media (or media virus), digital native, and social currency.

He has written ten books on media, technology, and culture. He wrote the first syndicated column on cyberculture for The New York Times Syndicate, as well as regular columns for The Guardian of London,^[1] Arthur,^[2] Discover,^[3] and the online magazines Daily Beast,^[4] TheFeature.com and meeting industry magazine One+.^[5]

Rushkoff currently teaches in the Media Studies department at The New School University in Manhattan.^[6] He has previously lectured at the ITP at New York University’s Tisch School of the Arts and taught a class called Narrative Lab.^[7] He also has taught online for the MaybeLogic Academy.^[8]

Biography[link]

Background[link]

Rushkoff graduated from Princeton University in 1983.^[9] He moved to Los Angeles and completed a Master of Fine Arts in Directing from the California Institute of the Arts.^[10] Later he took up a post-graduate fellowship from the American Film Institute.^[11] He is currently a PhD candidate at Utrecht University's New Media Program, writing a dissertation on new media literacies.^[12]

Rushkoff emerged in the early 1990s as active member of the cyberpunk movement, developing friendships and collaborations with people including Timothy Leary, RU Sirius, Paul Krassner, Robert Anton Wilson, Ralph Abraham, Terence McKenna, Genesis P-Orridge, Richard Metzger, Grant Morrison, Mark Pesce, Erik Davis, and other writers, artists and philosophers interested in the intersection of technology, society and culture.^[13][14][15]

As his books became more accepted (his first book on cyberculture, Cyberia, was canceled by its original publisher, Bantam, in 1992 because editors feared the Internet would be "over" by the original scheduled publication date in Fall 1993 - it was eventually published in 1994 ^[16]), and his concepts of the "media virus"^[17] and "social contagion" became mainstream ideas, Rushkoff was invited to deliver commentaries on National Public Radio's All Things Considered,^[18] and to make documentaries for the PBS series Frontline.^[19]

Rushkoff was awarded the Marshall McLuhan Award by the Media Ecology Association for his book Coercion, and became a member and sat on the board of directors of that organization.^[20] This allied him with the "media ecologists", a continuation of what is known as the Toronto School of media theorists including Marshall McLuhan, Walter Ong, and Neil Postman.

Rushkoff was invited to participate in government and industry as a consultant ranging from the United Nations Commission on World Culture and the US Department of State to Sony Corporation and TCI.

Simultaneously, Rushkoff continued to develop his relationship with counterculture figures, collaborating with Genesis P-Orridge as a keyboardist for Psychic TV, and credited with composing music for the album Hell is Invisible Heaven is Her/e.^[21] Rushkoff taught classes in media theory and in media subversion for New York University's Interactive Telecommunications Program,^[22] participated in activist pranks with the Yes Men ^[23] and eToy,^[24] contributed to numerous books and documentaries on psychedelics, and spoke or appeared at many events sponsored by counterculture publisher Disinformation.^[25]

Influences[link]

References to media ecologist and Toronto School of Communication founder Marshall McLuhan appear throughout Rushkoff’s work as a focus on media over content, the effects of media on popular culture and the level at which people participate when consuming media.^[26] Rushkoff’s colleagues in The Toronto School include Neil Postman and Lance Strate. Rushkoff worked with both Robert Anton Wilson ^[27] and Timothy Leary on developing philosophical systems to explain consciousness, its interaction with technology, and social evolution of the human species, and references both consistently in his work. Leary, along with John Barlow and Terrence McKenna characterized the mid-90s as techno-utopian, and saw the rapid acceleration of culture, emerging media and the unchecked advancement of technology as completely positive.^[28] Rushkoff's own unbridled enthusiasm for cyberculture was tempered by the dotcom boom, when the non-profit character of the Internet was rapidly overtaken by corporations and venture capital. Rushkoff often cites two events in particular - the day Netscape became a public company in 1995,^[29] and the day AOL bought TimeWarner in 2000 ^[1] - as pivotal moments in his understanding of the forces at work in the evolution of new media. He spent several years exploring Judaism as a primer for media literacy, going so far as to publish a book inviting Jews to restore the religion to its "open source" roots.^[30] He founded a movement for progressive Judaism called Reboot, but subsequently left when he felt its funders had become more concerned with marketing and publicity of Judaism than its actual improvement and evolution.^[26] Disillusioned by the failure of the open source model to challenge entrenched and institutional hierarchies from religion to finance, he became a colleague of Mark Crispin Miller and Naomi Klein, appearing with them at Smith College ^[31] as well as in numerous documentaries decrying the corporatization of public space and consciousness.^[32] He has dedicated himself most recently to the issues of media literacy,^[33] participatory government, and the development of local and complementary currencies.^[34] He wrote a book and film called Life Inc.,^[35] which traces the development of corporatism and centralized currency from the Renaissance to today, and hosts a radio show called MediaSquat on WFMU, concerned with reclaiming commerce and culture from corporate domination.^[36]

Awards and appointments[link]

Douglas Rushkoff has served on the Board of Directors of the Media Ecology Association,^[37] The Center for Cognitive Liberty and Ethics,^[38] and is a founding member of Technorealism,^[39] as well as of the Advisory Board of The National Association for Media Literacy Education,^[33] MeetUp.com ^[40] and HyperWords ^[41]

He is the winner of the first Neil Postman Award for Career Achievement in Public Intellectual Activity, given by the Media Ecology Association, in 2004.^[42]

Themes[link]

General[link]

Douglas Rushkoff’s philosophy developed from a techno-utopian view of new media to a more nuanced critique of cyberculture discourse and the impact of media on society. Viewing everything except for intention as media, he frequently explores the themes of how to make media interactive, how to help people (especially children) effectively analyze and question the media they consume, as well as how to cultivate intention and agency. He has theorized on such media as religion, culture, politics and money.

Technology and cyberculture[link]

Up to the late-90s, Douglas Rushkoff’s philosophy towards technology could be characterized as media-deterministic. Cyberculture and new media were supposed to promote democracy and allow people to transcend the ordinary.^[43]

In Cyberia, Rushkoff states the essence of mid-90s culture as being the fusion of rave psychedelia, chaos theory and early computer networks. The promise of the resulting “counter culture” was that media would change form being passive to active, that we would embrace the social over content, and that empowers the masses to create and react.^[44]

This idea also comes up in the concept of the media virus, which Rushkoff details in the 1994 publication of Media Virus: Hidden Agendas in Popular Culture. This significant work adopts organic metaphors to show that media, like viruses, are mobile, easily duplicated and presented as non-threatening.^[45] Technologies can make our interaction with media an empowering experience if we learn to decode the capabilities offered to us by our media. Unfortunately, people often stay one step behind our media capabilities. Ideally, emerging media and technologies have the potential to enlighten, to aid grassroots movements, to offer an alternative to the traditional “top-down” media, to connect diverse groups and to promote the sharing of information.^[46]

Rushkoff does not limit his writings to the effect of technology on adults, and in Playing the Future turns his attention to the generation of people growing up who understand the language of media like natives, guarded against coercion.^[47] These “screenagers”, a term originated by Rushkoff,^[48] have the chance to mediate the changing landscape more effectively than digital immigrants.

With Coercion (1999), Rushkoff realistically examines the potential benefits and dangers inherent in cyberculture and analyzes market strategies that work to make people act on instinct (and buy!) rather than reflect rationally. The book wants readers to learn to “read” the media they consume and interpret what is really being communicated.

Religion[link]

Nothing Sacred: The Truth About Judaism explores the medium of religion and intellectually deconstructs the Bible and the ways that religion fails to provide true connectivity and transformative experiences.^[49] The book mainly wants readers to reflect on why things are a certain way and not attribute them to some predestined reality.

Currency[link]

Most recently, Douglas Rushkoff has turned his critical lens to the medium of currency. One of the most important concepts that he coins and develops is the notion of social currency, or the degree to which certain content and media can facilitate and/or promote relationships and interactions between members of a community. Rushkoff mentions jokes, scandals, blogs, ambience, i.e. anything that would engender "water cooler" talk, as social currency.

In his book, Life, Inc., Rushkoff takes a look at physical currency and the history of corporatism. Beginning with an overview of how money has been gradually centralized throughout time, and pondering the reasons and consequences of such a fact, he goes on to demonstrate how our society has become defined by and controlled by corporate culture.

Bibliography[link]

Books[link]

• 2010. Program or be Programmed: Ten Commands for a Digital Age Ebook ISBN 978-1-935928-16-4
• 2009. Life, Inc.: How the World Became A Corporation and How To Take It Back ISBN 978-1-4000-6689-6
• 2005. Get Back in the Box: Innovation from the Inside Out ISBN 978-0-06-075869-1
• 2003. Open Source Democracy A Demos Essay
• 2003. Nothing Sacred: The Truth About Judaism ISBN 978-1-4000-5139-7
• 1999. Coercion: Why We Listen to What "They" Say ISBN 978-1-57322-829-9
• 1996. Playing the Future: What We Can Learn From Digital Kids ISBN 978-1-57322-764-3 (Published in the UK in 1997 as "Children of Chaos: Surviving the End of the World as We Know it" ISBN 0-00-654879-2)
• 1995. Media Virus: Hidden Agendas in Popular Culture ISBN 978-0-345-39774-4
• 1994. Cyberia: Life in the Trenches of Cyberspace ISBN 978-1-903083-24-6

Fiction works[link]

• 2002. Exit Strategy (aka Bull) ISBN 978-1-887128-90-2
• 1997. Ecstasy Club ISBN 978-1-57322-702-5

Graphic novels[link]

• 2012. A.D.D. - Adolescent Demo Division ISBN 978-1-78116-019-0
• 2005-2008. Testament ISBN 978-1-4012-1063-2
• 2004. Club Zero-G ISBN 978-0-9729529-3-4

Documentaries[link]

• 2009 - 2010 Digital Nation, Life on the Virtual Frontier. Web site and documentary
• 2009 Life Inc. The Movie
• 2004 The Persuaders. This documentary examines the psychological techniques behind popular marketing and advertising trends, determines how these methods influence how we view ourselves and desires, and postulates on the future implications of these persuasive approaches at work.
• 2001 Merchants of Cool, a groundbreaking, award-winning Frontline documentary which explores the people, marketing techniques and ideologies behind popular culture for teenagers. This video attempts to answer whether or not teen popular culture is reflective of its population or manufactured by big business and related groups.

Radio[link]

• The Media Squat (creator and host): freeform, bottom-up, open source WFMU radio which examines similarly open source, bottom-up solutions to some of the problems engendered by our relentlessly top-down society.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official Website

• Works by Douglas Rushkoff on Open Library at the Internet Archive