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Ronda
—  Municipality  —
Coordinates: 10°00′04″N 123°24′29″E / 10.001°N 123.408°E / 10.001; 123.408Coordinates: 10°00′04″N 123°24′29″E / 10.001°N 123.408°E / 10.001; 123.408
Country	Philippines
Region	Central Visayas (Region VII)
Province	Cebu
District
Government
• Mayor	Mariano Blanco III
Population (2010)
• Total	18,582
Time zone	PHT (UTC+8)
ZIP Code

Ronda is a 5th class municipality in the province of Cebu, Philippines. According to the 2010 census, it has a population of 18,582 people.

Barangays[link]

Ronda is administratively subdivided into 14 barangays:

• Butong
• Can-abuhon
• Canduling
• Cansalonoy
• Cansayahon
• Ilaya
• Langin
• Libo-o
• Malalay
• Palanas
• Poblacion
• Santa Cruz
• Tupas
• Vive

External links[link]

• Philippine Standard Geographic Code
• 2007 Philippine Census Information

		Dumanjug
	Tañon Strait		Argao
		Ronda    East
		Alcantara

This article about a Philippine location is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Ronda
—  Municipality  —
Coat of arms
Ronda Location in Andalusia
Ronda Location in Spain
Coordinates: 36°44′14″N 5°9′53″W / 36.73722°N 5.16472°W / 36.73722; -5.16472Coordinates: 36°44′14″N 5°9′53″W / 36.73722°N 5.16472°W / 36.73722; -5.16472
Country	Spain
Autonomous community	Andalusia
Province	Málaga
Comarca	Serranía de Ronda
Government
• Alcalde	Antonio María Marín Lara (PSOE)
Area
• Total	481.31 km2 (185.83 sq mi)
Elevation	723 m (2,372 ft)
Population (2009)
• Total	36,827
• Density	77/km2 (200/sq mi)
Demonym	Rondeños
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
• Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code	29400
Dialing code	95287, 95219
Website	Official website

View in Ronda looking toward the Church of Santa Maria la Mayor

The Puente Nuevo bridge in Ronda

The view from Ronda

Ronda (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈronda]) is a city in the Spanish province of Málaga. It is located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) west of the city of Málaga, within the autonomous community of Andalusia. Its population is approximately 35,000 inhabitants.

History[link]

Around the city are remains of prehistoric settlements dating to the Neolithic Age, including the rock paintings of Cueva de la Pileta. Ronda was however first settled by the early Celts, who, in the 6th century BC, called it Arunda. Later Phoenician settlers established themselves nearby to found Acinipo, known locally as Ronda la Vieja, Arunda or Old Ronda. The current Ronda is however of Roman origins,^[1] having been founded as a fortified post in the Second Punic War, by Scipio Africanus. Ronda received the title of city at the time of Julius Caesar.

In the 5th century AD Ronda was conquered by the Suebi, led by Rechila, being reconquered in the following century by the Eastern Roman Empire, under whose rule Acinipo was abandoned. Later the Visigoth king Leovigild captured the city. Ronda was part of the Visigoth reign until 713, when it fell to the Arabs, who named it Izn-Rand Onda ("city of the castle") and made it the capital of the Takurunna province.

It was the hometown of the polymath Abbas Ibn Firnas (810–887), an inventor, engineer, aviator, physician, Arabic poet, and Andalusian musician.

After the disintegration of the caliphate of Córdoba, Ronda became the capital of a small kingdom ruled by the Berber Banu Ifran, the taifa of Ronda. During this period Ronda received most of its Islamic architectural heritage. In 1065 Ronda was conquered by the taifa of Seville led by Abbad II al-Mu'tadid. Both the poet Salih ben Sharif al-Rundi (1204–1285) and the Sufi scholar Ibn Abbad al-Rundi (1333–1390) were born in Ronda.

The Islamic domination of Ronda ended in 1485, when it was conquered by the Marquis of Cádiz after a brief siege. Subsequently, mostly of the city's old edifices were renewed or adapted to Christian roles, while numerous others were built in newly-created quarters such as the Mercadillo and the San Francisco ones. The Real Maestranza de Caballería de Ronda was founded in the town in 1572, with military finalities.

The Spanish Inquisitions affected the Muslims living in Spain greatly. Shortly after 1492, when the last outpost of Muslim presence in the Iberian peninsula, Granada, was conquered, the Spanish decreed that all Muslims and Jews must either vacate the peninsula without their belongings or convert to Christianity. Many people overtly converted to keep their possessions, while secretly practiced their religion. Muslims who converted only overtly were called Moriscos. Moriscos were required to wear upon their caps and turbans a blue crescent, which brought upon them taunts and violence of a fanatical population. Traveling without a permit meant a death sentence. This systematic suppression forced the Muslims to seek refuge in mountainous regions of southern Andalucian cities such as Ronda.

On May 25, 1566 Philip II decreed that the use of the Arabic language (written or spoken) to be illegal, doors to home to remain open on Fridays to verify that no Muslim Friday prayers are conducted, and heavy taxation on Moriscos trades. This led to several rebellions, one being that of Ronda under the leadership of Al-Fihrey. After a ferocious battle, Al-Fihrey's insurgent army was able to defeat the Spanish army sent to suppress them under the leadership of Alfonso de Aguilar. So violent the retribution was, that no Spanish soldier captured was spared his life, including Alfonso himself. This prompted Phillip II to order the mass slaughter of all Moriscos in Ronda. Those few who survived were sold into slavery.

In the early 19th century, the Napoleonic invasion and the subsequent Peninsular War caused much suffering in Ronda, whose inhabitants were reduced from 15,600 to 5,000 in three years. Ronda's area became the base first of guerrilla warriors, then of numerous bandits, whose deeds inspired artists such as Washington Irving, Prosper Mérimée and Gustave Doré. In the 19th century the economy of Ronda was mainly based on agricultural activities. In 1918 the city was the seat of the Assembly of Ronda, in which the Andalusian flag, coat of arms and anthem were designed.

Ronda's Romero family--from the grandfather, Francisco, who was born in 1698, through his son Juan, to Juan's famous son, Pedro, who died in 1839--played a principal role in the development of modern Spanish bullfighting. With the family responsible for such innovations as the use of the cape, or muleta, and a sword especially designed for the kill, Pedro in particular transformed bullfighting into "an art and a skill in its own right, and not simply ... a clownishly macho preamble to the bull's slaughter."^[2]

Ronda was heavily affected by the Spanish Civil War, after which much of the population emigrated elsewhere. The famous scene in Chapter 10 of Hemingway's "For Whom the Bell Tolls", describing the 1936 execution of Fascist sympathisers in a (fictional) village who are thrown off a cliff, is considered to be modeled on actual events at the time in Ronda.^[3]

Geography[link]

Ronda is situated in a very mountainous area about 750 m above mean sea level. The Guadalevín River runs through the city, dividing it in two and carving out the steep, 100 plus meters deep El Tajo canyon upon which the city perches. The Spanish Fir (Abies pinsapo) is endemic to the mountains surrounding Ronda.

Main sights[link]

Three bridges, Puente Romano ("Roman Bridge", also known as the Puente San Miguel), Puente Viejo ("Old Bridge", also known as the Puente Árabe or "Arab Bridge") and Puente Nuevo ("New Bridge"), span the canyon. The term "nuevo" is a bit of a misnomer, as the building of this bridge commenced in 1751 and took until 1793 to complete. The Puente Nuevo is the tallest of the bridges, towering 120 metres (390 ft) above the canyon floor, and all three serve as some of the city's most impressive features.

The ‘Corrida Goyesca’ is a unique and historical bullfight that takes place once a year in Ronda in the Plaza de toros de Ronda, the oldest bullfighting ring in Spain.^[4] It was built in 1784 in the Neoclassical style by the architect José Martin de Aldehuela, who also designed the Puente Nuevo.

The partially intact Baños árabes ("Arab baths") are found below the city and date back to the 13th and 14th centuries.

The former town hall, which sits next to the Puente Nuevo, is the site of a parador, and has a view of the Tajo canyon.

Cultural influence[link]

American artists Ernest Hemingway and Orson Welles spent many summers in Ronda as part-time residents of Ronda's old town quarter called La Ciudad. Both wrote about Ronda's beauty and famous bull-fighting traditions. Their collective accounts have contributed to Ronda's popularity over time.

In the first decades of the 20th century the famous German poet Rainer Maria Rilke spent extended periods in Ronda. There he kept a permanent room at the Hotel Reina Victoria (built in 1906) where his room remains to this day as he left it, a mini-museum of Rilkeana. According to the hotel's publicity, Rilke wrote (though probably not in Spanish) "He buscado por todas partes la ciudad soñada, y al fin la he encontrado en Ronda" and "No hay nada más inesperado en España que esta ciudad salvaje y montañera" ("I have sought everywhere the city of my dreams, and I have finally found it in Ronda" and "There is nothing that is more startling in Spain than this wild and mountainous city.")

Hemingway's novel For Whom the Bell Tolls describes the execution of Nationalist sympathizers early in the Spanish Civil War. The Republicans murder the Nationalists by throwing them from cliffs in an Andalusian village, and Hemingway allegedly based the account on killings that took place in Ronda at the cliffs of El Tajo. Ernest Hemingway wrote many of his novels here as well, such as Fiesta.^[4]

Orson Welles said he was inspired by his frequent trips to Spain and Ronda (e.g. Welles' unfinished film about Don Quixote). After Welles died in 1985, his ashes were buried in a well, located on the rural property of his friend, the retired bullfighter Antonio Ordoñez.

English writer George Eliot's book Daniel Deronda ("Daniel of Ronda") tells the story of Spanish Jew brought up as an Englishman. There have been some speculation that Eliot's ancestors may have lived in Ronda prior to the expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492.

In the fashion world Italian designer Giorgio Armani was pleased to announce that he specially designed the bullfighting costume, called ‘Goyesco’ for famed bullfighter and testimonial Cayetano Rivera Ordóñez, on the occasion of the ‘Corrida Goyesca’, that took place on September 6, 2009 in Ronda. Cayetano’s suit of lights was in the Goyaesque style, comprises a jacket, trousers and cloack in techno satin in a shade of Armani greige. The three pieces are embroidered with sequins, small glitter stones and thread, all matching the colour of the background fabric.^[4][5]

Transportation[link]

Ronda is accessible via highways and by rail from Algeciras and from Córdoba.

The single track railway between Ronda and Algeciras was built between 1890 and 1892 by the Gibraltar Railway Company. It enabled the British military officers to escape the summer heat of Gibraltar. The railway was built by James Morrison, an engineer, in partnership with, Sir Alexander Henderson, a financier. The station at Ronda was opened in 1892.

Sister cities[link]

• Cuenca, Spain
• Chefchaouen, Morocco ^[6]
• Castiglion Fiorentino, Italy
• Ontinyent, Spain

References[link]

External links[link]

• Ronda Tourist Board
• Ronda images

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ronda

v t e Cities and port cities in Andalusia Capitals of provinces Almería Cádiz Córdoba Granada Huelva Jaén Málaga Seville Port cities Algeciras Almuñécar Benalmádena Chipiona El Puerto de Santa María Fuengirola Marbella Moguer Motril Nerja San Fernando Sanlúcar de Barrameda Torremolinos Other cities Antequera Aracena Baeza Cazorla Dos Hermanas Grazalema Guadix Jerez de la Frontera Linares Ronda Rota Santiponce Úbeda

Cebu Lalawigan ng Cebu Lalawigan sa Sugbu
—  Province  —
Flag Official seal of Cebu Seal
Map of the Philippines with Cebu highlighted
Coordinates: 10°19′17″N 123°45′17″E / 10.32139°N 123.75472°E / 10.32139; 123.75472Coordinates: 10°19′17″N 123°45′17″E / 10.32139°N 123.75472°E / 10.32139; 123.75472
Country	Philippines
Region	Central Visayas (Region VII)
Founded	April 27, 1565
Capital	Cebu City
Government
• Type	Province of the Philippines
• Governor	Gwendolyn Garcia (NUP)
• Vice Governor	Agnes Magpale (NUP)
Area
• Total	4,932.79 km2 (1,904.56 sq mi)
Area rank	22nd out of 80
Population (2010)
• Total	2,619,362
• Rank	5th out of 80
• Density	530/km2 (1,400/sq mi)
• Density rank	7th out of 80
Divisions
• Independent cities	3
• Component cities	6
• Municipalities	44
• Barangays	1,066 including independent cities: 1,203
• Districts	1st to 6th districts of Cebu (shared with Mandaue and Lapu-Lapu cities) including independent cities: 1st and 2nd districts of Cebu City
Time zone	PHT (UTC+8)
ZIP Code
Spoken languages	Cebuano, Tagalog, English
Website	www.cebu.gov.ph

Cebu (Cebuano: Sugbo) is a province in the Philippines, consisting of Cebu Island and 167 surrounding islands. It is located to the east of Negros, to the west of Leyte and Bohol islands. Cebu is a long narrow island stretching 225 kilometers from north to south, surrounded by 167 neighbouring, smaller islands, which include Mactan, Bantayan, Malapascua, Olango and the Camotes Islands. Cebu has narrow coastlines, limestone plateaus and coastal plains. It also has rolling hills and rugged mountain ranges traversing the northern and southern lengths of the island. Cebu's highest mountains are over 1000 meters high. Flat tracts of land can be found in the city of Bogo and in the towns of San Remigio, Medellin and Daanbantayan at the northern region of the province. Its capital is Cebu City, the oldest city in the Philippines, which forms part of the Cebu Metropolitan Area together with four neighboring cities which include Danao City, Lapu-Lapu City, Mandaue City and Talisay City and eight other municipalities. Mactan-Cebu International Airport, located in Mactan island, is the second busiest airport in the Philippines.

Cebu is one of the most developed provinces in the Philippines, with Cebu City as the main center of commerce, trade, education and industry in the Visayas. Condé Nast Traveler Magazine named Cebu the seventh best island destination in the Indian Ocean-Asia region in 2007,^[1] eighth best Asian-Pacific island destination in 2005, seventh in 2004 and in 2009.

Demographics[link]

The population of Cebu in 2007 was 2,440,120, with its largest city accounting for 799,762 people, or more than a third of the entire provincial population.^[2] Cebuano is the official language spoken in Cebu and it is also spoken in most areas of the Visayas, including Bohol, western Leyte, Negros Oriental and some provinces of Mindanao (Bukidnon, Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Davao Oriental, Davao City, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay, Lanao del Norte, Misamis Oriental, Misamis Occidental, Camiguin, Compostela Valley, South Cotabato and Sarangani. The population of Central Visayas is predominantly young with about 37 percent of its population below 10 years old. This is very evident in the very broad base of the population pyramid in the region which has prevailed since 1970 but at a declining rate. A decline of 2.29 percentage points in the proportion of household population below 15 years old was noted from 1980 to 1995. Conversely, an increase of 3.06 percentage points was observed in the 15-64 age group during the same period. The population of the region is evenly distributed between male and female. However, the male population in the region has been increasing at a faster rate compared to the female population.^[3]

Religion[link]

The majority of its population are Roman Catholic,^[4] there are also some followers of Islam, Buddhism and Hinduism.

The image of Santo Niño de Cebú (Holy Child of Cebu), the oldest Christian image in the Philippines, is enshrined and venerated at the Basilica of Santo Niño. According to Philippine historical documents, the statue of the Santo Niño (Holy Child) was given to the wife of the Rajah of Cebu by the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan. The friendship is depicted in Cebu's cultural event, the Sinulog where street parades and loud drum beats preceded by a Christian mass is celebrated every third Sunday of January. Cebu has a Roman Catholic Archdiocese and has several major churches, including the Basilica Minor del Santo Niño de Cebu, Cebu Metropolitan Cathedral, Santo Rosario Parish Church, San José-Recoletos Church, Sacred Heart Church, Archdiocesan Shrine of Our Lady of Lourdes, National Shrine of Our Lady of the Rule, National Shrine of Saint Joseph, Archdiocesan Shrine of Our Lady of Guadalupe of Cebu and other Christian churches, as well as several other non-Catholic churches, mosques and temples.

Climate[link]

Though Cebu has two official seasons, Dry and Wet, rainfall is usually not particularly high, with average rainfall hitting around 100 millimeters per month. The wet season usually comes from June to December, while the dry season comes from January until May. Rainfall is highest in June and July. Cebu's temperatures can reach a high of 36 degree celsius from March to May, to as low as 18 degrees at the mountains during the cooler season from October to January. The average temperature in Cebu is around 24 to 32 degree celsius, and does not fluctuate much except for the month of May, which is the hottest month. Cebu averages 70-80 percent humidity.^[5]

History[link]

Between the 13th and 16th century Cebu then known as Zubu^[6] (or Sugbo) was an island inhabited by Hindu, animist and Muslim^[7] ruled by Rajahs and Datus.^[8] It was a kingdom of the defunct Rajahnate of Cebu.

The Rajahnate of Cebu was a native kingdom which used to exist in Cebu prior to the arrival of the Spaniards. It was founded by Sri 'Lumay' otherwise known as 'Rajamuda Lumaya', a native prince of the Chola dynasty which had invaded Sumatra in Indonesia. He was sent by the Maharajah to establish a base for expeditionary forces to subdue the local kingdoms, but he rebelled and established his own independent Rajahnate instead. ^[9]

The arrival of Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan in 1521 established a period of Spanish exploration and colonization.^[10][11]

A map showing the route of the Magellan expedition circumnavigating the world.

Losing favor for his plan of reaching the Spice Islands from king Manuel I of Portugal, by sailing west from Europe, Magellan offered his services to king Charles I of Spain. On September 20, 1519, Magellan led five ships with a crew of 250 people from the Spanish fort of Sanlúcar de Barrameda enroute to Southeast Asia via the Americas and Pacific Ocean. They reached the Philippines on March 16, 1521. Rajah Kolambu the king of Mazaua told them to sail for Cebu, where they could trade and have provisions.

Pigafetta's illustrations of Cebuanos during the expedition.

Arriving in Cebu City, Magellan, with Enrique of Malacca as translator, befriended Rajah Humabon the Rajah or King of Cebu and persuaded the natives of allegiance to Charles I of Spain. Humabon and his wife were given Christian names and baptized as Carlos and Juana. The Santo Niño was presented to the native queen of Cebu, as a symbol of peace and friendship between the Spaniards and the Cebuanos. On April 14, Magellan erected a large wooden cross on the shores of Cebu. Afterwards, about 700 islanders were baptized.

Magellan soon heard of Datu Lapu-Lapu, a native king in nearby Mactan Island, a rival of the Rajahs of Cebu. It was thought that Humabon and Lapu-Lapu had been fighting for control of the flourishing trade in the area. On April 27, the Battle of Mactan occurred where the Spaniards were defeated and Magellan killed by the natives of Mactan^[12] in Mactan Island. According to Italian historian and chronicler, Antonio Pigafetta, Magellan's body was never recovered despite efforts to trade for it with spice and jewels. Magellan's second in command, Juan Sebastián Elcano took his place as captain of the expedition and sailed their fleet back to Spain, circumnavigating the world.

Survivors of the Magellan expedition brought tales of a savage island in the East Indies with them when they returned to Spain. Consequently, several Spanish expeditions were sent to the islands but all ended in failure. In 1564, Spanish explorers led by Miguel López de Legazpi sailing from Mexico arrived in 1565 and established a colony.^[13] The Spaniards fought the King Rajah Tupas and occupied his territories. The Spaniards established settlements, trade flourished and renamed the island to "Villa del Santíssimo Nombre de Jesús" (Town of the Most Holy Name of Jesus). Cebu became the first European settlement established by the Spanish Cortés in the Philippines. In 1595, the Universidad de San Carlos (University of San Carlos) was established and in 1860, Cebu opened its forts to foreign trade. The first printing house ("Imprenta de Escondrillas y Cia") was established in 1873 and in 1880, the Colegio de la Inmaculada Concepcion (College of the Immaculate Conception) was established and the first periodical The Bulletin of Cebu ("El Boletin de Cebú") began publishing in 1886. In 1898, the island was ceded to the United States after the Spanish-American War and Philippine-American War. In 1901, Cebu was governed by the United States for a brief period, however it became a charter province on February 24, 1937 and was governed independently by Filipino politicians.

Cebu, being one of the most densely populated island in the Philippines, served as a Japanese base during their occupation in World War II which began with the landing of Japanese soldiers in April 1942. The 3rd, 8th, 82nd and 85th Infantry Division of the Philippine Commonwealth Army was reestablished on 1942 to 1946 and the 8th Infantry Regiment of the Philippine Constabulary was reestablished again on 1944 to 1946 at the military general headquarters and the military camps and garrisoned in Cebu City and Cebu Province and started by the Anti-Japanese military operations in Cebu from April 1942 to September 1945 and helping Cebuano guerrillas and fought against the Japanese Imperial forces. Almost three years later in March 1945, combined Filipino and American forces landed and reoccupied the island during the liberation of the Philippines. Cebuano guerrilla groups led by an American, James Cushing is credited for the establishment of the Koga Papers which is said to have changed the American plans to retake the Philippines from Japanese occupation in 1944, by helping the combined United States and the Philippine Commonwealth Army forces enter Cebu in 1945. The following year the island achieved independence from colonial rule in 1946.

Infrastructure and electricity[link]

The Mactan-Cebu International Airport on Mactan Island has regular direct flights to Hong Kong, Singapore, Busan-Gimhae and Seoul-Incheon (South Korea), Tokyo-Narita (Japan), and Doha (Qatar).

With the number of weekly international flights to and from Mactan International Airport is increasing, a new international terminal has been proposed. The Cebu International Port is the largest shipping hub in Visayas island group. Cebu also has several business districts attracting different industries. Among them is the Cebu Business Park, a prime business and financial center in Cebu City. Nearby is the Asiatown IT Park, built on what was once the location of the Lahug Airport (Cebu's old airport prior to Mactan International Airport), another business district that caters mostly to businesses related to the information technology industry such as software development, telecommunications, engineering research and development centers, business process outsourcing, including a number of call centers and other industrial businesses.

The Cebu South Road Properties (SRP)

South of the city is the South Road Properties Special Economic Zone, a large reclaimed property. It is a prime real estate zone that will house a business district, a tourism zone and an industrial area patterned after the Mactan Export Processing Zone on nearby Mactan Island. The new South Coastal Highway, which stretches from Cebu City to Talisay passes through the property. A 1.2-kilometer tunnel, which passes beneath Plaza Independencia is currently being constructed at the highway's entrance in Cebu City to connect it with Sergio Osmeña Avenue which traverses the North Reclamation Area.

Despite this new developments, poverty is remarkable all around the city, with traders on most sidewalks and little stores (Sari Sari) dedicated to the sale of very basic grocery items at retail level. Houses are mostly poor and of very basic materials.

Roads across the different neighborhoods (Barangays) are not enough for the densely populated city and its cars, adding up to huge traffic jams and extremely slow pace in work hours.

The city receives its electricity from an interconnection grid with the Leyte and Negros Geothermal Power Plants which also powers majority of the Visayan Islands. There are also coal-fired power plants. Distribution of electricity is provided by the Visayas Electric Company. Telecommunication facilities in the city are abundant provided by some of the country's largest telecommunication companies. Connections to the internet are also available.

Economy[link]

Cebu City is the largest city and economic hub of the province.

About 80% of its domestic shipping is located in Cebu. Its extensive international port facilities, its proximity to intra-Asiam shipping and air routes are major factors which led multinational companies like: Convergys, JP Morgan Chase & Co., Mitsumi, BMC Group, Pentax, Marine Colloids, Fairchild Semiconductor, Tsuneishi Heavy Industries, Muramoto Audio-Visual, Lexmark International, Asahi Optical, Teradyne, NEC Technologies, Timex, Olympus Optical, United Technologies, Maithland-Smith, and Taiyo-Yuden to establish their presence on the main island as well as Mactan.

Cebu's labor force is oriented towards non-agricultural lines and is rated one of the most productive work force in the country. High domestic and foreign tourist arrivals, geographic location, accessibility and natural resources have fueled the development growth of Cebu with an excellent industrial record and now the fastest growing economy in the Philippines.

Cebu is home to some national and international corporations like AAA Commercial Broker & Consultancy Inc, Ayala Corporation, JobsDB.com, Gaisano Group of Companies, Aboitiz Group of Companies, WG&A, Norkis Group of Companies, Bigfoot International, Affiliated Computer Services (A Xerox Company), Lexmark Philippines Inc., and Lhuillier Jewellers among others. Its international port (cargo and container) is currently one of the busiest in the country. Homegrown brands in the city have expanded throughout the past years finding success in the national and even in the international market like Penshoppe, Oxygen, Loalde and Island Souvenirs. Other homegrown brands that have expanded outside the city and province include BO's Coffee Club, Julie's Bakeshop, Orange Brutus, Mother's Fried Chicken and other businesses.

Due to its burgeoning furniture-making industry, Cebu has been named as the furniture capital of the Philippines. The Department of Trade and Industry in Cebu is aiming to develop this aspect of Cebu's economy by specifically targeting small to medium enterprises or SMEs whose products are considered export quality. Cebu is also becoming an IT hub as many companies, either local or international, are establishing their headquarters in Cebu. The city has become a site for various call centers and BPOs. The Cebu Chamber of Commerce and Industry, an organization of Cebu's businesses, are hedging the city's growth and economy on information and communications technology, with the aim of making it a premier ICT investment, software and e-services hub in Southeast Asia. Shipbuilding companies in Cebu have manufactured bulk carriers of up to 70,000 metric tons deadweight (DWT) and double hulled fastcrafts as well.

The Cebu International Convention Centre serves as a landmark in recognition of Mandaue City’s involvement in the international trade. As venue of the 12th ASEAN summit, the city continues to establish an important role in international industrial relation, becoming the core of development and strengthening its role as the growth center of the province of Cebu.

Education[link]

The Philippine elementary school begins in grade 1 to grade 6. The high school program takes four years to finish, taken after graduating from elementary school. Cebu is the main educational institute in the central region of the country. It has several large universities each with a number of college branches throughout Cebu City and more than a dozen other schools and universities specializing in various courses such as Medicine, Engineering, Nautical courses, Nursing, Law, Commerce, Education, Computer and IT and other professions.

The most prominent of these universities are the University of San Carlos, University of the Philippines Cebu College, University of San Jose–Recoletos, Cebu Normal University, University of Cebu, University of Southern Philippines Foundation, Southwestern University, and the University of the Visayas. The only medical university in the country is the Cebu Doctors' University (formerly Cebu Doctors' College) located in the Cebu Boardwalk in nearby Mandaue City. It was elevated to university status in November 2004. The Cebu Institute of Technology – University (formerly Cebu Institute of Technology) located in N. Bacalso Ave. and the Cebu Technological University (formerly Cebu State College of Science and Technology) which is located in M.J. Cuenco Avenue cor. R. Palma Street, Cebu City are the newest universities. CIT-U and CTU were elevated to university status in the year 2010. The Cebu's first film school, The International Academy of Film and Television was established on Mactan Island in 2004. The Asian College of Technology, is also located in Metro Cebu.

Media[link]

Cebu has television and cable stations namely: Wealth Channel 28, Real Cebu Television (RCTV - 36) and the Cebu Catholic Television Network (CCTN 47) (a religious station partly owned and endorsed by the Archdiocese of Cebu). Cebu! Television Channel 28 and the Real Cebu Television (RCTV - 36) are only seen on cable television and CCTN operates an UHF frequency on channel 47 on free TV. It can also be accessed through Skycable's channel 56.

Despite having these local stations, Cebuanos prefer to watch the Philippines' three dominant television networks namely: ABS-CBN, TV5 and GMA Network Inc. While national newspapers have presence in the island, Cebu has English-language local newspapers: The Freeman, Sun-Star - Cebu and Cebu Daily News, while there are also Cebuano language newspapers, SunStar SuperBalita owned by Sun Star and Banat News owned by The Freeman. Each of the local newspapers sell for about 10 peso a copy, which is much cheaper than their national counterparts.

Government[link]

Cebu Provincial Capitol building in Cebu City.

Cebu is subdivided into 6 component cities and 44 municipalities. The cities of Cebu, Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue are independent cities that are not under provincial supervision.

• Governor: Gwendolyn F. García (One Cebu/Lakas-Kampi-CMD)
• Vice Governor: Agnes Magpale (Lakas-Kampi-CMD)

Congressional districts

• 1st district: Rep. Eduardo Gullas (Nacionalista-Alayon)
  • City: Carcar City, Naga City, Talisay City
  • Municipality: Minglanilla, San Fernando and Sibonga
• 2nd district: Rep. Pablo García (One Cebu/Lakas-Kampi-CMD)
  • Municipality: Alcantara, Alcoy, Alegria, Argao, Badian, Boljoon, Dalaguete, Dumanjug, Ginatilan, Malabuyoc, Moalboal, Oslob, Ronda, Samboan and Santander
• 3rd district: Rep. Pablo John García (One Cebu/Lakas-Kampi-CMD)
  • City: Toledo City
  • Municipality: Aloguinsan, Asturias, Balamban, Barili, Pinamungahan and Tuburan
• 4th district: Rep. Benhur Salimbangon (One Cebu/Lakas-Kampi-CMD)
  • City: Bogo City
  • Municipality: Bantayan, Daanbantayan, Madridejos, Medellin, San Remigio, Santa Fe, Tabogon and Tabuelan
• 5th district: Rep. Ramón Durano VI (Barug Alang sa Kauswagan ug Demokrasya/Nationalist People's Coalition)
  • City: Danao City
  • Municipality: Borbon, Carmen, Catmon, Compostela, Liloan, Pilar, Poro, San Francisco, Sogod and Tudela
• 6th district: Rep. Gabriel Luis R. Quisumbing (One Cebu/Lakas-Kampi-CMD)
  • City: Mandaue City
  • Municipality: Consolacion and Cordova

Component Cities

• Danao City
• Talisay City
• Toledo City
• Bogo City
• Carcar City
• Naga City

The cities of Cebu, Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue are often grouped with the province, but are governed independently.

In 2007, the towns of Bogo, Carcar and Naga became cities. They, along with 13 other cities in the country, were demoted back to municipalities the following year by the Philippine Supreme Court, citing that these 16 cities did not pass the requirements of cityhood.^[14] However, on December 22, 2009, acting on said appeal, the Court reversed its earlier ruling as it ruled that "at the end of the day, the passage of the amendatory law (regarding the criteria for cityhood as set by Congress) is no different from the enactment of a law, i.e., the cityhood laws specifically exempting a particular political subdivision from the criteria earlier mentioned. Congress, in enacting the exempting law/s, effectively decreased the already codified indicators."^[15] As such, the cityhood status of Bogo, Carcar and Naga, are effectively restored.

On August 27, 2010, the cities of Bogo, Carcar and Naga is now plain old municipalities again. It shares the fate of 13 other cities, after the Supreme Court reinstated a 2008 decision declaring as “unconstitutional" the cityhood laws converting 16 municipalities into cities.

A previous law required towns aspiring to become cities to earn at least P100 million annually, which none of the 16 did.

Voting 7-6, with two justices not taking part, the SC reinstated its Nov. 18, 2008 decision declaring as unconstitutional the Republic Acts (RAs) converting 16 municipalities into cities.^[16] The most recent development in the legal battles surrounding the "League of 16" came on February 15,2011. Voting 7-6, the Supreme Court (SC) ruled this week that 16 towns that became cities in 2007 can stay as cities. It's the fourth time the SC has ruled on the case and the third reversal. It said the conversion of the 16 towns into cities met all legal requirements.

Municipalities

Landmarks[link]

This is a list of traditional landmarks:^[17]

Magellans' Cross.

Fort San Pedro.

• Basilica Minore del Santo Niño
• Fort San Pedro
• Lapu Lapu shrine
• Magellan's Cross
• Magellan shrine
• Cebu Taoist Temple

Festivals[link]

List of traditional festivities:^[18]

• Sinulog is a religious festival celebrated every third Sunday of January. The feast is held in honor of the patron saint, Señor Santo Niño de Cebú (Lord Holy Child of Cebu) and the arrival of Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan in the Philippines. The Fiesta Señor (Festival Lord) converge a procession and take part in a mardigras parade.
• Paskuhan is a Christmas celebration of songs held during the month of December.
• Kadaugan sa Mactan is an re-enactment held in Punta Engaño, celebrated every April 27, to commemorate the historical Battle of Mactan between the soldiers of Datu Lapu-Lapu and Ferdinand Magellan.
• Virgin of the Rule Fiesta is held to honor the patron saint of Lapu-Lapu City on November 20 to November 21 which includes social event, and traditions of the people, including feasting and a procession of the patron saint.
• Semana Santa sa Bantayan is a religious tradition, accompanied by a celebration of Holy Week activities in Bantayan Island.
• Nuestra Señora de Regla Fiesta en ciudad de Lapu-Lapu is a festivity celebrated to honour the patron saint of Mactan Island on November 20 to November 21.
• Tres de Abril is held every April 3, a celebration of the colonial resistance in the southern Philippines.

Cebu is dubbed as the "Island of Festivals" due to the popularity and number of festivals celebrated throughout the entire province:

• Kabanhawan Festival is a festival which celebrates the resurrection of Jesus Christ. The festival is held in Minglanilla.
• Kabkaban Festival is celebrated on November 24 to November 25 in honor of the town's patron, Saint Catherine of Alexandria. The town of Carcar is known for its old Spanish style houses. During the festivities, the residents invite their friends, relatives and town visitors into their homes to feast on traditional Cebuano cuisines.
• Tagbo Poro is celebrated every January in honor of the Santo Niño de Poro.
• Mantawi Festival are tribal dances and music held in Mandaue City.
• Siloy Festival is held every last Saturday of August in the town of Alcoy.
• Haladaya Festival is held in the town of Daanbatayan in honour of the chieftain Datu Daya.
• Dinagat-Bakasi Festival is celebrated in the town of Cordova.
• Dagitab Festival is the Festival in Naga celebrated every town fiesta.
• Hinulawan Festival is a festival in Toledo.^[19]
• Lapyahan Festival is a festival celebrated in cognizance with the municipality of San Remigio's festivities. It is named after the "lapyahan" meaning "shoreline". The festival is a combination of the town’s history and its tradition.
• Kinsan Festival is held in the town of Aloguinsan every June 17. It is a festival held to promote the fish, "kinsan", a popular fish in the town.
• Pasigarbo sa Sugbo Festival is celebrated in 2007. It features all the festivals of the cities and municipalities of Cebu.
• Tostado Festival is celebrated in Santander.
• Kagasangan Festival is celebrated in Moalboal.
• Kinhason Festival is celebrated in Santa Fe.
• Rosquillos Festival is celebrated in Liloan for its Rosquillos delicacy.
• Hinulawan Festival is celebrated in Toledo City.
• Karansa Festival is celebrated in Danao City.
• Utanon Festival is celebrated in Dalaguete.
• Sikoy-Sikoy Festival is celebrated in San Fernando.
• Palawod Festival is celebrated in Bantayan Island.
• Ani-Anihan Festival is celebrated in Tabuelan.
• Soli Soli Festival is celebrated in San Francisco in the Camotes Islands.
• Bonga Festival is celebrated in Sibonga.
• Pamujuan Festival is celebrated in Pinamungahan.
• Halad Inasal Festival is celebrated in Talisay City.
• Tubod Festival is celebrated in Tuburan.
• La Torta Festival is celebrated in Argao.
• Sinnanggiyaw Festival is celebrated in Dumanjug.
• Kawayan Festival is celebrated in Alegria every December 1.
• Bolho Festival is the festival of the town of Boljoon.
• Toslob Festival is the festival celebrated in Oslob.
• Hinatdan Festival is the festival of Ginatilan.
• Saksak Festival is in Samboan.
• Sarok Festival is the festival in Consolacion.
• Hinorno Festival is in Ronda.
• Kaumahan Festival is celebrated in Barili.
• Balang-balang Festival is in Balamban.
• Bahandi Festival in Alcantara is celebrated every August.
• Banig Festival in July is in Badian.
• Sinamay Festival is celebrated in Carmen.
• Panagsogod Festival is celebrated in Sogod.
• Budbod-Kabog Festival in Catmon.
• Pintos Festival is celebrated in Bogo City.
• Isda Festival (formerly Kadagaya Festival) is in Madridejos, Bantayan.
• Silmugi Festival is in Borbon.
• Binuyocan Festival is in Malabuyoc.
• Balanghoy Festival is in Tudela.
• Katubhan Festival is in Medellin

Only four towns in Cebu (Asturias, Compostela, Pilar, and Tabogon) have no festivals.

References[link]

External links[link]

	Philippines portal
	New Spain portal

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Cebu

• Official Website of the Provincial Government of Cebu
• The Official Government Portal of the Republic of the Philippines - Cebu
• 2007 Philippine Census Information

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	Negros Occidental  Negros Oriental / Tañon Strait		Camotes Sea / Leyte
		Cebu    East
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v t e Political divisions of the Philippines Capital Manila National Capital Region Autonomous region Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao Provinces Abra Agusan del Norte Agusan del Sur Aklan Albay Antique Apayao Aurora Basilan Bataan Batanes Batangas Benguet Biliran Bohol Bukidnon Bulacan Cagayan Camarines Norte Camarines Sur Camiguin Capiz Catanduanes Cavite Cebu Compostela Valley Cotabato Davao del Norte Davao del Sur Davao Oriental Dinagat Islands Eastern Samar Guimaras Ifugao Ilocos Norte Ilocos Sur Iloilo Isabela Kalinga La Union Laguna Lanao del Norte Lanao del Sur Leyte Maguindanao Marinduque Masbate Misamis Occidental Misamis Oriental Mountain Province Negros Occidental Negros Oriental Northern Samar Nueva Ecija Nueva Vizcaya Occidental Mindoro Oriental Mindoro Palawan Pampanga Pangasinan Quezon Quirino Rizal Romblon Samar Sarangani Siquijor Sorsogon South Cotabato Southern Leyte Sultan Kudarat Sulu Surigao del Norte Surigao del Sur Tarlac Tawi-Tawi Zambales Zamboanga del Norte Zamboanga del Sur Zamboanga Sibugay Former Provinces Agusan Ambos Camarines Camarines Cotabato Davao Kalinga-Apayao Lanao Lepanto-Bontoc Manila Mindanao and Sulu Mindoro Misamis Moro Province Negros Negros del Norte Occidental Leyte Oriental Leyte Samar Shariff Kabunsuan Surigao Tayabas Zamboanga Other subdivisions Island groups (Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao) Regions Cities Municipalities Barangays Legislative districts Territorial disputes North Borneo (Sabah) Scarborough Shoal Spratly Islands

Andrew Ettingshausen (born 29 October 1965) is an Australian former rugby league footballer of the 1980s, 1990s and early 2000s. He played his first grade Australian club football for the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks, retiring with the record of most games at a single club, with 328.^[1] Known for not only his deceptive pace, good hands and ability to score tries but also his solid defense, "ET" as he was known, represented both New South Wales and the Australian Kangaroos. After his retirement from league in 2000, Ettingshausen went on to host and produce his own fishing television show titled Escape with ET.

Ettingshausen was originally signed to the Cronulla side as a teenager before making his debut at eighteen while still at school. He quickly cemented a place in the Sharks first grade side and ultimately played 328 first grade games with the club over eighteen seasons. From a time in the early 1990s he was seen as the face of rugby league in Australia. His rugged good looks equipped him well to be pushed to the front by the marketers of the game at that time and Ettingshausen did not disappoint with his athletic skills attracting the interest of traditional fans while his looks appealed to a growing base of female fans. ET was successfully used in marketing not only for the game but for sponsors products as well, usually in photo shoots of him posing topless leading him to be seen as the 'Male Model of Rugby League'. Despite league being seen by not only the players but the public as a rough and tumble sport, it was a tag he never had to play down as his outstanding play and standing in the game made people look past what was not normally known for rugby league players.

Biography[link]

Early career[link]

Ettingshausen was born in Sutherland, New South Wales and began his rugby league career playing for his local club side at the age of six, though he first began to make inroads while playing for his school side De La Salle where he was subsequently scouted and signed as a junior to the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks.

While attending Cronulla De La Salle, Ettingshausen played for the Australian Schoolboys team in 1982 and 1983.^[2]

1983[link]

Cronulla coach Terry Fearnley gave Andrew Ettingshausen his first grade debut for the Sharks in round 5 of the 1983 season against the Newtown Jets at fullback, his debut was somewhat of an uneventful affair although he did cross for a try in the second half; his second match was no improvement as he had a poor game and was substituted at half time to then be dropped the following week to reserve grade.

1984[link]

For the next few years his career continued to be somewhat of a series of ups and downs scoring a total of six tries over his first two seasons before being sidelined for a considerable amount of time in 1984 following a foot injury meaning he would spend yet again further time in reserve grade.

1985–91[link]

The 1985 season marked the first season where Ettingshausen started to stamp his mark on the NSWRL and rugby league in general; he scored a total of ten tries playing mostly from fullback or in the centres in his third season and cemented his spot in the Sharks squad.

At the conclusion of the 1986 off-season, Ettingshausen signed a one year deal with English rugby league club Leeds. Originally to gain further first grade experience and confidence he impressed his adopted English club so much they expressed an interest in him to re-join them again when he could.

The following season, Ettingshausen decided to act on the previous season's interest from Leeds and yet again moved overseas in the Australian off-season. During the beginning stages of the season ET voiced his desire to move from off the wing and into the centres, a move that would pay dividends on returning home to Cronulla. Ettingshausen played in the centre position for almost the rest of his career.

For the next half a decade Ettingshausen's reputation continued to grow in rugby circles amongst fans and coaches alike, scoring 69 tries in the next six seasons as well as being selected for both New South Wales and Australia.

Ettingshausen also made an appearance the Australian television movie The First Kangaroos, which depicted the 1908-09 Kangaroo tour.^[3]

1987 saw Ettingshausen make his first start for New South Wales on the win in Game 1 of the 1987 State of Origin series. After missing Game 2 he regained his spot for Game 3 and would become a fixture of NSW sides for the next 10 years.

The 1988 season was his high point in the early years when he was moved off the wing and into the centres where he would remain for almost all of the rest of his career. After being one of the better players for NSW in the 1988 Origin series which Queensland won 3-0, ET was selected for his first test match for Australia. He played all three matches against Great Britain on the wing, scoring a try in the second test in Brisbane. Unfortunately injury prevented his selection for the World Cup Final which Australia won 25-12 against New Zealand. For Cronulla he went on to score seventeen tries in 1988 and played every game for The Sharks in the centres. Cronulla won their first minor premiership in 1988 but were bundled out of the Finals after successive losses to eventual Grand Finalists Canterbury-Bankstown and the Balmain Tigers.

Ettingshausen had formed the leagues most dangerous center partnership with fellow Cronulla representative player Mark McGaw, although Cronulla failed to re-capture their 1988 form and only just scraped into the Finals in 1989 after winning a playoff for 5th place against the Brisbane Broncos at Parramatta Stadium in Sydney. Cronulla were ousted in the first week of the Finals by eventual premiers Canberra who put in a powerful display to run out 38-14 winners. During the season ET was selected on the bench for Game 1 of the 1989 Origin series and scored The Blues' only try in a 6-36 loss. He was then moved to the centres for Game 2 but injury prevented him playing Game 3 which saw Queensland win the series 3-0. With Qld dominating the Origin series their players dominated selection for Australia's three test tour of New Zealand with Ettingshausen not selected for the team.

After a personally successful 1990 NSWRL season in which he played fullback in all three Origin games for NSW which saw The Blues win the series for the first time since 1986 and after scoring 13 tries in 20 games for Cronulla, he was selected for the 17th Kangaroo Tour of Great Britain and France where he played in all five tests on tour against Great Britain and France. ET came of age on tour and played in 12 games on tour and finished as the highest try scorer for the 28 man touring squad with 15.

Ettingshausen's form continued for Cronulla into the 1991 NSWRL season and he was selected in the centres for NSW in game one of the 1991 State of Origin series. He was moved to fullback for Game 2 but missed Game 3 through injury. He retained his wing spot in the Australian team for the first test against New Zealand in Melbourne. After a shock 8-24 loss to The Kiwi's, ET was moved to fullback for the remaining two tests and he was among Australia's best for the series after they won Game 2 44-0 in Sydney and 40-14 in Brisbane. Injuries slowed the rest of his season for Cronulla although he ended up with 10 tries from 15 games. At seasons end he was selected in the centres for a two test tour to Papua New Guinea against The Kumuls, scoring 3 tries in the two games.

1992–2000[link]

The 1992 and 1993 seasons were somewhat quiet ones for Ettingshausen whom continued to battle injury through large periods. Despite a slow start to the 1992 NSWRL season playing fullback for the Sharks, ET was picked at fullback for NSW for all three games of the 1992 Origin series which saw NSW win 2-1. He was then picked at fullback for all three tests against Great Britain in the The Ashes. His defensive skills and speed were in evidence in Game 1 in Sydney when he prevented flying Lions winger Martin Offiah from scoring two runaway tries. ET later stated that despite being regarded as one of the fastest players in the NSWRL, if not for having less ground to cover he would not have got near Offiah for pace. The Lions won Game 2 in Melbourne but the Aussie's won Game 3 and the series in Brisbane. This would be the only full international series he played in that ET would not score a try. Ettingshausen would play as many representative games during 1992 as he did for Cronulla, his club season halted by injury after Round 12. The injury caused him to miss selection for Australia's successful tour to England for the World Cup Final against Great Britain.

Ettingshausen missed the early part of the 1993 season after contracting malaria on a fishing trip to Papua New Guinea. When fit, ET's form was good enough to be selected on the wing for NSW for games 1 and 2 of the 1993 Origin series and at centre for Game 3. He missed selection for Australia for Game 1 of their two test tour of New Zealand but was called into sit on the reserves bench for Games 2 and Game 3 (played in Brisbane). Cronulla coach Arthur Beetson moved ET to five-eighth in Round 6 of the season and he played there for the rest of the season, gaining praise for his play in an unfamiliar position.

1994 saw ET back at his best, seeing him score a total of 18 tries from just 18 games and leading the Sharks by example after also being awarded the captaincy of the Sharks. Five of his 18 tries came in one match against South Sydney at The Sharks home ground, Endeavour Field in Round 22. With his 3rd try against Manly-Warringah in Round 5 (his 6th of the season), ET brought up his 100th try for the Cronulla club. He would finish the season with 112 tries for Cronulla. At the end of the 1994 season, he was selected for his second Kangaroo tour. In almost a carbon copy of his 1990 Tour, Ettingshausen was the team's top try scorer with 15 from 11 games played which included all three tests playing on the wing against Great Britain and the single test against France.

Ettingshausen continued to be the marquee player both for the Cronulla club, topping the Sharks scoring lists from the 1994 to 1996 seasons, as well as becoming the face of the competition, often heading marketing campaigns. The Sharked joined Australia's Super League in 1997 and competed in the new competition that year. Ettinghausen captained Cronulla-Sutherland to the grand final but they lost to the Brisbane Broncos. He toured with the Australian SL team to Great Britain and France at the end of 1997, playing all four tests (three against Great Britain and one against France) in the centres. Other than the 1992 Ashes series, this was the only time ET failed to score a try for Australia in a full test series.

ET further succumbed to injury midway into the 1998 season, hampering his chances at playing for the Sharks and threatening to prematurely end his rugby career. Andrew battled back from injury to play for another two seasons of first grade before his back problem was diagnosed as being chronic in the 2000 season and he played his final game for the Sharks against the Auckland Warriors that year.

He ended up playing a total of 328 NRL games, all for Cronulla which became the record for the most games for a single club, and 6th highest overall, behind Terry Lamb (349), Steve Menzies (349), Brad Fittler (336), Cliff Lyons (332)& Darren Lockyer (350*).

Controversy[link]

During the 1991 NSWRL season Ettingshausen filed a defamation lawsuit against the Australian HQ magazine and photographer Brett Cochrane.^[4] Cochrane had taken a photo of Ettingshausen while he was in the shower undressed on the 1990 Kangaroo tour of Great Britain. The magazine ran the shot in 1991 without his permission. ET successfully sued the magazine for originally $350,000 which was later reduced to $100,000 after appeal.^[5]

In early 2012 Ettingshausen was accused by former Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks teammate Paul Mellor of having an extramarital affair with his wife. The scandal has been compared to that of former Australian rules footballer Wayne Carey.^[6]

New South Wales[link]

Ettingshausen made his New South Wales State of Origin debut in the 1987 season and over the next nine years went on to bring his tally of State of Origin games to twenty-seven. This stands in 2nd place for most appearances for NSW (behind Brad Fittler) and in 5th place overall for the most appearances. He made his debut on the wing but went on to cover both the position of fullback and centre scoring a total of nine tries.

In 2005 he was named one of the 25 greatest ever NSW players.

Australia[link]

He made his debut for Australia in the Ashes series against Great Britain in 1988 on the wing and continued to be a regular member of the Australian side for nearly on a decade. Ettingshausen was selected for the 1990 Kangaroo Tour, and against Papua New Guinea in 1991 along with playing in a three test series against New Zealand playing wing for the 1st game and at fullback in games 2 and 3.

He played at fullback for all three Tests of the 1992 Great Britain Lions tour of Australia, helping Australia retain The Ashes. Injury unfortunately prevented him from selection in for Australia's one off test against Papua New Guinea in Townsville a few weeks after the Great Britain series and also Australia's winning World Cup squad at the end of the 1992 season.

After playing from the bench in the 3 tests against New Zealand in 1993 he played on the wing in a further Test match against France in 1994 before embarking on his second Kangaroo Tour, playing in all four Tests, and earning the distinction of becoming the first player since Bob Fulton to be the top try-scorer on consecutive Kangaroo tours.

ET played his final international in 1997 for the Australian Super League team, before retiring from representative fixtures in 1999.

Career playing statistics[link]

Ettingshausen's 165 tries is the third highest tally in Australian first grade rugby league, behind Ken Irvine (212), and Steven Menzies (172).

Point scoring summary[link]

Matches played[link]

Post Playing[link]

During the 1992 rugby league season, a game was developed and released by Audiogenic worldwide and Ozi Soft in Australia titled 'ET's Rugby League.

The game was a rugby league game with 2d graphics and was made available for Amiga, Commodore C64 and IBM PC on 8 September 1992. The game is also available as Wembley Rugby League in England, the only difference between the two versions being the inclusion of English competition sides rather than the Australian ones and the game runs at around twice the speed of ET's Rugby League.

After the 2005 Cronulla riots Ettingshausen was selected along with fellow sports stars Susie Maroney, Nick Davis, Mark Ella and former Sharks team mate Jason Stevens to head the $250,000 NSW government campaign to promote Sydney's beach suburbs as safe for everyone.[1]

During the 2005 rugby league season ET was appointed as a consultant with the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks first grade side.

In February 2008, Ettingshausen was named in the list of Australia's 100 Greatest Players (1908–2007) which was commissioned by the NRL and ARL to celebrate the code's centenary year in Australia.^[7]

ET Stand[link]

In 1992, the Cronulla club extended their ground at Endeavour Field, adding a new stand to the ground at a cost of 2.5 million dollars. The club originally calling the stand the 'Western Endeavour' grandstand but with the retirement of Andrew Ettingshausen in 2000 the club decided to name it the 'Andrew Ettingshausen' stand in his honour.

Sharks Immortal[link]

2003 saw the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks name the top ten Sharks legends of all-time as nominated by fans and picked by a panel of experts. Ettingshausen was named amongst the ten and was then further honoured by being picked as one of the three first immortals of the club along with Gavin Miller and Steve Rogers

[edit] Escape with ET

With his retirement from rugby league Ettingshausen launched his media career with his own television show on the Nine Network in 1997 titled, Escape with ET. The show is essentially a fishing show hosted by Ettingshausen though it also focuses on many water sports (such as white water rafting and wakeboarding), off-road 4WD driving and other outdoors activities.

The show has been currently running for eight years to date and in 2005 moved to rival network Network Ten. It will also usually have a celebrity appearing on each episode including former rugby league players such as David Peachey and Ryan Girdler along with others including Paul Kelly, John Barnes, Layne Beachley amongst others.

Quotations[link]

"He had a shocker against Canberra in the heavy rain at Endeavour, was replaced at half time and dropped to reserve grade." (Rugby League Week magazine on Andrew Ettingshausen's second first grade game, 1983)

"I just went out to back up any breaks the forwards made and it worked." (Ettingshausen, after scoring 5 tries vs Illawarra, 1989)

"We used to sing the song about the wise man.. built his house upon the rock and I think those three guys were the rock." (Sharks coach John Lang on ET, Danny Lee and Les Davidson)

"He looked very white." (Coach Jack Gibson, asked how Ettingshausen looked after his return from an off-season for Leeds, 1987)

"It was classic ET... in his case, age seems to help, not hinder." (RLW magazine report on the first game of 1997)

"When he is in full flight it is like a goalie trying to stop a penalty" (John Lang on ET, after his five-star performance against Easts, 1994)

"Stars of the match were the rival fullbacks – Penrith's school teacher Mark Levy and Cronulla's schoolboy Andrew Ettingshausen." (RLW magazine on the Round 24 clash, 1983)

"He showed maturity way beyond his years and is ice-cool under pressure." (Coach Gibson after the 1983 KB Cup Final)

"ET's so quick he can turn the light off and be in bed before it gets dark." (Supercoach Gibson again, while providing commentary for the 1987 State of Origin series)

References[link]