John Fredrik Reinfeldt (pronounced [ˈfreːdrɪk ˈrajnˌfɛlt] ( listen); born 4 August 1965) is the Prime Minister of Sweden, leader of the liberal conservative Moderate Party and former President of the European Council.

A native of Stockholm County, Reinfeldt joined the Moderate Youth League in 1983, and by 1992 had risen to the rank of chairman, a position he held until 1995. He has been a Member of Parliament since 1991, representing his home constituency. Following the 1994 defeat of the Moderate-led coalition government, Reinfeldt adopted a critical stance against the party leadership under Carl Bildt, which resulted in isolation within the party. However, following a change of leadership in 1999 and a bad result in the 2002 election, Reinfeldt gradually gained influence within the Moderate Party.

Reinfeldt was elected party leader on 25 October 2003, succeeding Bo Lundgren. Under his leadership, the Moderate Party has transformed its policies and oriented towards the centre, branding itself "the New Moderates" (Swedish: Nya moderaterna). Following the general elections held on 17 September 2006, Reinfeldt was elected Prime Minister by the new parliament on 5 October and presented his cabinet the following day. Together with the three other political parties in the centre-right Alliance for Sweden, Reinfeldt presides over a coalition government with the support of a narrow majority in the parliament. At the age of 41, he was the third youngest person to become Prime Minister of Sweden. After the 2010 election Reinfeldt's government was reduced to a minority government but also becoming the first centre-right government since before World War II to be re-elected, making Reinfeldt the first Moderate politician elected to two consecutive terms as Prime Minister. He is also the longest-serving Moderate Prime Minister in Swedish history.

Kjell Stefan Löfven (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈsteːfan lœˈveːn]; born 21 July 1957) is the Leader of the Opposition in Sweden. Previously a welder and trade union leader, Löfven has been Chairman of the Swedish Social Democratic Worker's Party since 27 January 2012. He was the leader of the trade union IF Metall between 1 January 2006 and 27 January 2012.

Löfven was born in Hägersten in Stockholm. The first 10 months of his life he spent in an orphanage. At the age of 10 months he was adopted and moved to Sunnersta in Ådalen. His foster father Ture Melander (1926–2003) was a lumberjack and then factory worker, and his foster mother Iris Melander worked as a health visitor. He studied economics at High School in Sollefteå and went on a welding course for 48 weeks at AMU in Kramfors. Later he studied at the University of Social Work in Umeå, but left after a year and a half.

Stefan Löfven started his career in 1979 as a welder at Hägglunds in Örnsköldsvik. Two years later, he was chosen to be a union representative and has had a succession of union posts since.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, also known as MIT, is a private research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. MIT has five schools and one college, containing a total of 32 academic departments, with a strong emphasis on scientific and technological education and research.

Founded in 1861 in response to the increasing industrialization of the United States, the institute adopted the European polytechnic university model and emphasized laboratory instruction from an early date. MIT's early emphasis on applied technology at the undergraduate and graduate levels led to close cooperation with industry. Curricular reforms under Karl Compton and Vannevar Bush in the 1930s re-emphasized basic scientific research. MIT was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1934. Researchers were involved in efforts to develop computers, radar, and inertial guidance in connection with defense research during World War II and the Cold War. Post-war defense research contributed to the rapid expansion of the faculty and campus under James Killian.

Hans Göran Persson (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈʝœːran ˈpæːʂɔn]) (born 20 January 1949) was the Prime Minister of Sweden from 1996 to 2006 and the leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party from 1996 to 2007. He was Minister for Finance from 1994 to 1996.

Conceding defeat in the September 2006 general election, he announced that he would resign as party leader, and Mona Sahlin was elected to succeed him as party leader in March 2007. Since August 2007 he has worked as a part time corporate lobbyist for the JKL Group.^{[citation needed]}

Persson was born in Vingåker in Södermanland, Sweden, in a working-class home. He has in recent years revealed that he wanted to become a priest as a young man; however, he applied to the college in Örebro where he took courses in social science (mainly sociology). He completed 80 college credits (120 ECTS credits) in the subject before he left the college in 1971 without graduating. According to himself he had at the time almost completed an education in social and political sciences.^{[citation needed]} As the college later received credentials as a full university, the renamed Örebro University gave him an honorary PhD in medicine in February 2005, an award that provoked some controversy.

Lars Mikael Damberg (born 13 October 1971) is a Swedish Social Democratic politician. He is member of the Swedish parliament since 2002, representing Stockholm County and is the parliamentary group leader of his party since 2012.

In the parliament he is also serving as deputy chairman of the Committee on Education and is a member of the War Delegation.

Damberg was born in Solna, Stockholm County, Sweden. His father is the former Swedish Social Democratic party treasurer Nils-Gösta Damberg and his mother former chairman of the Finnish Social Democratic Youth Riita-Liisa Damberg. He joined the Swedish Social Democratic Youth League in the late 1980s and served as a member of the board of the organization between 1993 and 1997. He also served as a member of the municipal council in Solna Municipality between 1991 and 2002. He is chairman of the Social Democratic party district in Stockholm County since 2004.

Between 1995 and 1997 Damberg worked as a political assistant to then Minister for Defence Thage G. Peterson, and between 1997 and 1999 as political assistant and speechwriter to then Prime Minister Göran Persson. Between 1999 and 2003 he was chairman of the Swedish Social Democratic Youth League.