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Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) (1,1-Dimethylhydrazine) is a toxic volatile hygroscopic clear liquid, with a sharp, fishy, ammoniacal smell typical for organic amines. It turns yellowish on exposure to air and absorbs oxygen and carbon dioxide. It mixes completely with water, ethanol, and kerosene. In concentration between 2.5% and 95% in air, its vapors are flammable. It is not sensitive to shock.

Occurrence

UDMH is a contaminant, metabolite, and breakdown product of daminozide.

Uses

UDMH is often used in hypergolic rocket fuels as a bipropellant in combination with the oxidizer nitrogen tetroxide and less frequently with IRFNA (red fuming nitric acid) or liquid oxygen. UDMH is a derivative of hydrazine and is sometimes referred to as a hydrazine. As a fuel, it is described in specification MIL-PRF-25604.

UDMH is stable and can be kept loaded in rocket fuel systems for long periods, which makes it appealing for use in many liquid rocket engines, despite its high density and cost. In some applications, such as the OMS in the Space Shuttle or maneuvering engines, monomethylhydrazine is used instead due to its slightly higher specific impulse. In some kerosene fueled rockets, UDMH functions as a starter fuel to start combustion and warm the rocket engine prior to switching to kerosene. UDMH has higher stability than hydrazine, especially at elevated temperatures, and can be used as its replacement or together in a mixture. UDMH is used in many European, Russian, Indian, and Chinese rocket designs. The Russian Proton and Kosmos-3M are the most notable users of UDMH. The Titan, GSLV, and Delta rocket families use a mixture of 50% hydrazine and 50% UDMH, called Aerozine 50, in different stages.

Apart from its use as rocket fuel, UDMH is a nitrogen source in metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy thin-film deposition.

Safety

UDMH is toxic, a carcinogen and can explode in the presence of oxidisers. It is toxic and is absorbed through the skin. During the 1980s there was concern about the levels of UDMH in various foods being a cancer risk, especially for apple juice.

See also

C-Stoff

Aerozine 50

References

External links

http://www.astronautix.com/props/n2o4udmh.htm

http://www.lr.tudelft.nl/live/pagina.jsp?id=e2984c9b-4864-46e0-992f-13ce92f3580b⟨=en

Category:Rocket fuels Category:Hydrazines

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name	Michelle Branch
background	solo_singer
birth name	Michelle Jacquet DeSevren Branch
alias	Michelle Branch LandauMichelle Landau
birth date	July 02, 1983
origin	Sedona, Arizona, United States
instrument	Vocals, guitar, keyboard, percussions, piano, accordion, cello, harmonica, mandolin
genre	Alternative pop, pop rock, acoustic, country, country pop
occupation	Singer-songwriter, musician, actress
years active	1998–present
label	MaverickSticks n' StonesReprise Nashville
associated acts	Santana, The Wreckers, Chris Isaak, Justincase, Timbaland
website	www.MichelleBranch.com
notable instruments	Taylor 614ceGibson Hummingbird }}

Michelle Jacquet DeSevren Branch (born July 2, 1983) is an American singer-songwriter, guitarist and actress. During the early 2000s, she released two top-selling albums, ''The Spirit Room'' and ''Hotel Paper,'' and was subsequently nominated for the Grammy Award for Best New Artist in 2003. In 2005, she formed the country music duo The Wreckers with friend and fellow musician Jessica Harp, and produced the Grammy-nominated single "Leave the Pieces". The Wreckers disbanded in 2007 to pursue their respective solo careers. She has had several commercially successful songs, most notably winning a Grammy with Santana for "The Game of Love".

Life and career

1983–2000: Early life & ''Broken Bracelet''

Michelle Jacquet DeSevren Branch was born on July 2, 1983, in Sedona, Arizona, to David and Peggy Branch, six months after they were married. Her father is of Irish descent, and her mother is of Dutch Indonesian and French descent. Her siblings include an older half-brother named David and a younger sister named Nicole.

Beginning to sing at the age of three, Branch enrolled in voice lessons at Northern Arizona University when she was eight, and received her first guitar for her fourteenth birthday. After teaching herself chords, she composed her first song "Fallen" within a week of receiving her guitar. She initially attended Sedona Red Rock High School, but finished the last two years of her high school education through home schooling so that she could focus on her music career. To support Branch's interests, her parents helped her book local gigs in Sedona, AZ, and later financed her independent album ''Broken Bracelet''. Her set list at these gigs included covers by Sheryl Crow, Lisa Loeb, Jewel, and Fleetwood Mac.

In June 1998, Branch self-produced ''Broken Bracelet'', a compilation of songs she wrote when she was 14 and 15; the album was later released on the independent record label Twin Dragon Records in June 2000. Its title was inspired from a bracelet made by pop singer Jewel, given to Branch by musician Steve Poltz at a Lisa Loeb concert she attended. Poltz told Branch that "when it breaks, you'll be famous." The ''Broken Bracelet'' recordings were destroyed in the Nashville floods in May of 2010.

In December 1999, she posted two of her songs on the ''Rolling Stone'' website, which caught the attention of both pop rock band Hanson and former ''Rolling Stone'' writer and Los Angeles record producer Jeff Rabhan, eventually leading to two gigs opening for Hanson in 2000.

2001–04: ''The Spirit Room''

In 2001, Branch signed a recording deal with Maverick Records, where she began working with John Shanks to produce her first album and major-label debut. The album, ''The Spirit Room'', was released in August 2001, producing the hit single "Everywhere." The single was a commercial success, winning the 2002 MTV Video Music Awards Viewer's Choice Award. "Everywhere" was later followed by singles "All You Wanted" and "Goodbye to You." In August 2001, she appeared on ''Total Request Live'' after "Everywhere" reached No. 4 on their charts. Due to the mainstream success of those released singles, ''The Spirit Room'' was certified Platinum by the RIAA for selling over a million copies. By 2003, ''The Spirit Room'' had sold over 2 million copies worldwide. Michelle also sang in Hanson's 2004 album, ''Underneath'' in the song, "Deeper."

Branch met Justincase before her debut on Maverick Records, becoming friends over the Internet before meeting in Las Vegas for a music convention in 2000. Justincase was signed to Maverick Records in late 2001 with the help of Branch. A self-titled debut album on October 29, 2002 which included several collaborations with Michelle Branch—including the lead single, "Don't Cry for Us"—who promoted the album on MTV's Total Request Live. In 2002, she teamed up with Santana to produce the song "The Game of Love," which went on to win a Grammy Award for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals. She also earned a Grammy nomination in 2003 for Best New Artist, but was edged out by Norah Jones.

2003-05: ''Hotel Paper''

Her second album ''Hotel Paper'' was released in 2003, and debuted at No. 2 on the Billboard 200 charts and matched the commercial success of her debut album earning a Platinum certification by the RIAA for selling over a million copies. However, the album was met with mixed reviews. The lead single "Are You Happy Now?" was a chart success, earning her a nomination for the Grammy Award for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance, though she was ultimately edged out by Pink's "Trouble." The following singles, however, "Breathe" and "'Til I Get over You," did not match the first single's success. Branching out into television, she appeared in several shows, including ''Buffy the Vampire Slayer'', ''American Dreams'', and ''Charmed''. In June 2004, she hosted MTV's "Faking the Video" alongside Nick Lachey and JC Chasez. She also appeared in the Rob Schneider film ''The Hot Chick''. Branch married her bass player Teddy Landau in Mexico on May 23, 2004, and gave birth to a baby girl named Owen Isabelle on August 3, 2005. Prior to meeting her husband she dated guitarist Sean Woolstenhulme of Lifehouse and The Calling.

2005–07: The Wreckers

In July 2005, Branch began collaborating with her backup singer and longtime friend Jessica Harp. They were initially known as "The Cass County Homewreckers" as a joke by Branch's husband, but they trimmed it down to The Wreckers. Their album attempted to combine their respective genres—pop rock and country. It was originally slated for release in June 2005 but was delayed because of reasons surrounding Branch's pregnancy. The duo's first single "Leave the Pieces" was released in February, 2006, while their album ''Stand Still, Look Pretty'' was released in May.

During this period, they contributed to Santana's album ''All That I Am'', with the song "I'm Feeling You," appearing on the American teen television drama ''One Tree Hill'', and joined country music stars Rascal Flatts on a U.S. tour. They initially toured with Gavin DeGraw, Tyler Hilton and Bethany Joy Galeotti which was also written into the show during the second season. The group was nominated for the 2006 CMA Awards Vocal Duo of the Year and for a Grammy Award for Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal for the song "Leave the Pieces" in December, 2006. ''Stand Still, Look Pretty'' was certified Gold by the RIAA with sales of 851,000 copies as of March 2009. The Wreckers split in 2007.

Branch sold her Calabasas home and moved to Nashville.

2008–10: ''Everything Comes and Goes''

Immediately thereafter, Branch wrote an unreleased song for Mandy Moore's 2007 album ''Wild Hope'', and also wrote "Together" for the soundtrack of ''The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants 2''; it was also featured as the final song ever played on the CBS TV soap opera, ''Guiding Light''. In October 2007, she announced that she was working on a new solo album and later reported the title would be ''Everything Comes and Goes''. In June 2008, she played several live shows in preparation for the album's release with her sister Nicole singing backing vocals.

In early 2009, she sang the song "I Lose My Heart" in a duet with Chris Isaak on his new album ''Mr. Lucky''. A video for the first single from the album "Sooner Or Later" was released on July 28, 2009. Also in 2009, she recorded "A Case of You" (originally by Joni Mitchell) for the compilation ''Covered, A Revolution in Sound'' which commemorated Warner Bros. Records 50th anniversary. A video was made for the song "This Way" and uploaded to Branch's official YouTube account in October 2009, but it was not released as a single and did not chart. (The video was included on a limited edition DVD entitled ''The Video Anthology'' available on michellebranch.com.) ''Everything Comes and Goes'' was finally released as a six-track extended play on July 16, 2010, via Michelle's website and would be available at all retailers one month later. In 2010, Branch and R&B;/hip-hop producer Timbaland collaborated on a pop/R&B; song entitled "Getaway" and released a video.

2011–present: ''West Coast Time''

In December 2010, it was announced by Branch that she would be returning to her Pop/Rock roots for her new album. Branch is still signed to Warner Bros. Records, but the album is scheduled to be released on Branch's own vanity label Sticks n' Stones Recordings Ltd and distributed through Warner imprint, Reprise Records. In January 2011, Branch confirmed in an interview with Katie Krause from Hollywire.com that the album would be released this year. In early 2011, Branch released three previously unreleased songs from ''Everything Comes and Goes'' including, "Texas In the Mirror", "Take a Chance on Me", and "Long Goodbye", the latter a duet with Dwight Yoakam. On March 22, 2011 in a video regarding updates on the third studio album uploaded via Branch's YouTube account, Branch confirmed that half the album is finished and added that "it's sounding really really good....it's all going well and it's all on time." On April 14, 2011 it was announced that Branch had finished recording the album, she also added that "only mixing/mastering left." On May 26, 2011, Branch hosted a live webchat with fans in which she previewed her new single "Loud Music", which was released to iTunes store on June 14, 2011, The song was co-written and produced by British writers Jim Irvin and Julian Emery who collaborated with Michelle on several songs on the album. In the webcast, Branch also mentioned songs on the album called "Mastermind" and "The Story Of Us" and also added that "Through The Radio" would be a hidden track on the CD. In a previous webcast, she premiered a song from the album called "Spark". During a live outdoor performance at the Warner Brothers building she performed another new song, dedicated to her husband Teddy landau, "For Dear Life". On June 1, 2011 Michelle announced that the album is called ''West Coast Time'' and will be released in September.

In June 2011, she released the album's first single titled "Loud Music". On July 12, 2011, Michelle performed "God Bless America" at the MLB All-Star Game, in Phoenix, Arizona.

Musical style and influence

She states that her music has been influenced by The Beatles, Led Zeppelin, Jimi Hendrix, Aerosmith, Lisa Loeb, Joni Mitchell, Queen, Alanis Morissette, Jewel, Fleetwood Mac and Cat Stevens. classical music and older country music. Branch mainly uses a Gibson Hummingbird after retiring her blue Taylor 614ce.

Discography

Studio albums

''Broken Bracelet'' (2000)

''The Spirit Room'' (2001)

''Hotel Paper'' (2003)

''West Coast Time'' (2011)

EPs

''Everything Comes and Goes'' (2010)

Filmography

''American Dreams'' ''Charmed'' ''Hell's Kitchen (U.S.)

Year	! Film / Show	! Role	! Episode
2001	Buffy the Vampire Slayer (TV series)>Buffy the Vampire Slayer''
rowspan=2	2002	|	Lesley Gore	The End of the Innocence
	''The Hot Chick''	DJ
2003	|	Herself / Musical Guest	Centennial Charmed
2005	One Tree Hill (TV series)>One Tree Hill''
2010	Hell's Kitchen''||	Herself	16 Chefs Compete

Awards

!Year	!Organization	!Award	!Result
		Best Female Video ("All You Wanted")
Best Pop Video ("All You Wanted")
		Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals—("The Game of Love" with Santana)
	valign="top"	Vocal Duo of the Year (as The Wreckers)
	Grammy Awards
	Major Label Breakout Artist of the Year (as The Wreckers)
	Best New Performer (as The Wreckers)

References

External links

Category:1983 births Category:Actors from Arizona Category:Actors from California Category:Actors from Tennessee Category:American child actors Category:American child singers Category:American country singer-songwriters Category:American female singers Category:American female guitarists Category:American multi-instrumentalists Category:American people of Dutch descent Category:American musicians of Indonesian descent Category:American people of Irish descent Category:American pianists Category:American pop singers Category:American rock singer-songwriters Category:Female rock singers Category:Maverick Records artists Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Indo people Category:Living people Category:Musicians from Arizona Category:Musicians from California Category:Musicians from Tennessee Category:People from Los Angeles, California Category:People from Nashville, Tennessee Category:People from Sedona, Arizona Category:The Wreckers members

an:Michelle Branch ast:Michelle Branch ca:Michelle Branch cs:Michelle Branch de:Michelle Branch es:Michelle Branch fr:Michelle Branch ko:미셸 브랜치 id:Michelle Branch it:Michelle Branch jv:Michelle Branch ka:მიშელ ბრენჩი hu:Michelle Branch nl:Michelle Branch ja:ミシェル・ブランチ pl:Michelle Branch pt:Michelle Branch ru:Бранч, Мишель simple:Michelle Branch sr:Мишел Бранч fi:Michelle Branch sv:Michelle Branch tl:Michelle Branch tr:Michelle Branch vi:Michelle Branch zh:密雪兒·布蘭奇

Tony Clifton is a fictitious character created and often played by stand up comedian Andy Kaufman in the late 1970s. Characteristic of the many elaborate hoaxes and practical jokes Kaufman concocted, Clifton was not exclusively played by Kaufman—others stepped into the role on occasion—enabling Kaufman and his accomplices to create an air of confusion as to whether Clifton was a real person or not.

Origin

Tony Clifton was a real lounge singer whom Kaufman encountered in the International Hotel in Las Vegas. He was waiting for Elvis Presley to arrive so he could meet him. Kaufman saw Clifton as the antithesis of the sweet, gentle "Foreign Man" character he was best known for (which was later adapted into Latka Gravas, Kaufman's character on ''Taxi'').

Performance

Clifton was a staggeringly untalented lounge singer with a nasal, deliberately annoying singing voice. Clifton epitomized the washed-up showbiz casualty, a "star" too lazy to even bother to remember the lyrics to his songs. Clifton would often attempt to improvise comical lyrics that were intentionally unfunny before giving up entirely without seeming to care. Clifton also tended to randomly insult patrons, passing off the abuse as the "comedy" portion of his act. Adding to Clifton's annoying and unappealing presence was his tendency to rhyme various words at random in the middle of conversations. Many people misunderstood Kaufman's intent, focusing on the character's foul language and prima donna antics while failing to appreciate the fact that Clifton was meant to be the comic antithesis of the typical lounge singer, a bland, genial entertainer designed to add a touch of class to a hotel and make guests feel welcome.

For a brief time, it was unclear to some that Clifton was not a real person. News programs interviewed Clifton as Kaufman's opening act, but the interviews invariably would turn ugly whenever Kaufman's name came up. Clifton claimed Kaufman was using his name "to go places." Actually, in many cases, Andy Kaufman played Clifton. Promoters who thought they had caught on to the joke would hire Clifton because he was cheaper than booking Kaufman. However, Kaufman had the last laugh, enlisting his brother Michael or his showbiz partner Bob Zmuda to play the role, with Kaufman making unannounced appearances onstage during Clifton's act.

Rodney Dangerfield was a big fan of Andy Kaufman's, and hired Clifton to open for him for two shows at Bill Graham's famed Fillmore West. After a disastrous first show, where Clifton took the stage with Tony Bennett's famous "I Left My Heart in San Francisco" and was summarily booed, he reappeared on the second night in riot gear amid a shower of rotten vegetables and other detritus.

Tony Clifton still makes occasional appearances, most notably in the days leading up to May 16, 2004, the twentieth anniversary of Kaufman's death. It was announced on May 16, 2008 that Comic Relief, in recognition of the 24th anniversary of Andy Kaufman's departure, would present "The Return of Tony Clifton", with his Katrina Kiss My Ass Orchestra. The national tour kicked off June 27, 2008 at the Georgia Theatre in Athens, Georgia and will benefit Gulf Coast musicians, dancers, and singers affected by Hurricane Katrina. Clifton fronted the Katrina Orchestra along with the Cliftonettes. Later dates included August 15 at Chicago's Chopin Theatre. In 2011, Tony and his orchestra were featured headliners as part of the annual Hangout Music Festival in Gulf Shores, Alabama on May 21.

Television

Taxi

Clifton was hired to appear on an early episode of ABC's ''Taxi''. However, Clifton appeared for rehearsals late, drunk, and with two prostitutes in tow. Clifton disrupted the rehearsal with his antics, leading Judd Hirsch to call his agent and Jeff Conaway to storm out in anger. The decision was made to fire Clifton, and Kaufman insisted it be done publicly, with security guards removing him from the soundstage by force. This incident is depicted in the biographical film ''Man on the Moon''.

Other appearances

Clifton (possibly played by Zmuda) appeared once on ''Late Night with David Letterman'', where he was interviewed and sang a medley with the band. In 1982, Clifton also appeared on ''The Fabulous Miss Piggy Show'' as the host's "new discovery", although the other Muppets and host George Hamilton remained skeptical of Clifton's talent.

Perhaps most infamous is Clifton's appearance on Dinah Shore's daytime talk show ''Dinah & Friends''. Clifton arrived for the taping drunk and then pressured Shore in front of the studio audience to sing a duet with him although he had been previously told that she had a sore throat. Although Shore attempted to avoid the duet on air, politely declining Clifton's request, he persisted, accusing Shore of being unprofessional. Then, during a cooking segment with Shore and Charles Nelson Reilly, Clifton dumped a pan of eggs over Shore's head. This happened live on the air and the show's producers quickly cut to a commercial as Clifton was escorted out of the studio. The tape of the incident was destroyed, although the moments leading up to it can be seen in the documentary ''Andy Kaufman's Really Big Show''.

Recently, Clifton appeared on ''The Opie & Anthony Show'' to promote a performance at Santo's Party House in New York City.

Movie

Kaufman and Zmuda wrote a screenplay for a Tony Clifton biography. However, the project was sidelined after the box office failure of Kaufman's first major motion picture ''Heartbeeps'', in which he co-starred with Bernadette Peters as a robot who falls in love. In the screenplay Clifton dies at Cedar Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles from cancer. Five years later, Kaufman died at the same hospital from lung cancer. Some conspiracy-minded fans say that Kaufman was — with this screenplay — setting up what would be his greatest prank ever: faking his own death.

Influence

Kaufman's Tony Clifton character has influenced other "anti-comedy" acts, notably stand-up comedian Neil Hamburger, singer/comedian Unknown Hinson, and Canadian singer/comedian Corey Mystyshyn. (Like Tony Clifton, these are both reportedly stage names.)

Possibly unrelated but a common company name in the Grand Theft Auto games is called Kaufman Cabs.

References

External links

TonyClifton.net

A video interview with Clifton from YouTube

YouTube of Clifton on The Fabulous Miss Piggy Show

Andy Kaufman's Really Big Show on IMDB

Category:Collective pseudonyms Category:Comedy characters Category:Fictional musicians Category:Nonexistent people Category:Alter egos

it:Tony Clifton nl:Tony Clifton