The Mutiny on the Bounty was a mutiny aboard the
British Royal Navy ship
HMS Bounty on 28 April 1789. The mutiny was led by
Fletcher Christian against their captain,
Lieutenant William Bligh. According to accounts, the sailors were attracted to the "idyllic" life and sexual opportunities afforded on the
Pacific island of
Tahiti. It has also been argued that they were motivated by
Bligh's allegedly harsh treatment of them.
Eighteen mutineers set Bligh afloat in a small boat with eighteen of the twenty-two crew loyal to him. To avoid detection and prevent desertion, the mutineers then variously settled on
Pitcairn Island or on Tahiti and burned
Bounty off
Pitcairn.
In an extraordinary feat of seamanship, Bligh navigated the 23-foot (7 m) open launch on a 47-day voyage to
Timor in the
Dutch East Indies, equipped with a quadrant and pocket watch and without charts or compass. He recorded the distance as 3,618 nautical miles (6,
701 km; 4,164 mi). He then returned to
Britain and reported the mutiny to the
Admiralty on 15 March 1790, 2 years and 11 weeks after his original departure.
The
British government dispatched
HMS Pandora to capture the mutineers, and
Pandora reached Tahiti on 23 March 1791. Four of the men from Bounty came on board soon after her arrival, and ten more were arrested within a few weeks. These fourteen were imprisoned in a makeshift cell on Pandora's deck. Pandora ran aground on part of the
Great Barrier Reef on 29 August 1791, with the loss of 31 of the crew and four of the prisoners. The surviving ten prisoners were eventually repatriated to
England, tried in a naval court, with three hanged, four acquitted, and three pardoned.
Descendants of some of the mutineers and
Tahitians still live on Pitcairn. The mutiny has been commemorated in books, films, and songs.
The story of the mutiny has been adapted numerous times to the page, the screen, and the stage.
Although William Bligh has frequently been portrayed as a middle-aged man in stage and screen productions about the Bounty, he was thirty-four years old at the time of the mutiny, having been born in 1754.
Mary Russell Mitford wrote her poem "
Christina, the Maid of the
South Seas" in 1811, following the 1810 publication of
Captain Mayhew Folger's rediscovery of Pitcairn.
Pitcairn's Island: A New
Melo Dramatic Ballet of
Action, opened in
Drury Lane in April 1816, following publication in the
Naval Chronicle of an account of the
1814 visit to Pitcairn of Captain
Sir Thomas Staines, of the
Briton, and Captain
Philip Pipon, of the
Tagus.
Lord Byron published his poem
The Island in 1823.
Sir John Barrow's book, The
Eventful History of the
Mutiny and Piratical
Seizure of
H.M.S. Bounty: Its Cause and
Consequences (1831), ensured the enduring fame of the Bounty and her people.
Mark Twain describes the mutiny as background to his story "
The Great Revolution in Pitcairn" (1879).
The Mutineers of the Bounty (original title
Les révoltés de la Bounty, 1879) by
Jules Verne, based on a work by
Gabriel Marcel.[32]
R. M. Ballantyne wrote a novel about the mutineers on the Bounty called
The Lonely Island (
1880). A first movie (
The Mutiny of the Bounty,
1916) was made in
Australia. A trilogy of novels, (
Mutiny on the 'Bounty' (1932),
Men Against the Sea, and Pitcairn's Island) by
Charles Nordhoff and
James Norman Hall (also published in one volume as
The Bounty Trilogy), as well as the movies and television shows based on them, relate fictionalized versions of the mutiny. The second film version was the
Australian film In the
Wake of the Bounty (1933), starring
Errol Flynn as Fletcher Christian. The next movie was
Mutiny on the Bounty (1935), which won the
Oscar for Best Picture that year. It starred
Charles Laughton as Bligh and
Clark Gable as
Christian. Another film version of the Mutiny on the Bounty (1962) stars
Trevor Howard as Bligh and
Marlon Brando as Christian. The 1962 motion picture is generally considered the least historically accurate, with such changes or errors as Christian and Bligh's meeting (and subsequently hating) each other at the first sailing of the Bounty, the mutiny's occurring in the middle of the day sparked by Bligh's order to let a sailor die of ingested saltwater poisoning rather than be given water set aside for the breadfruits, and Fletcher Christian's dying from injuries sustained in the fire aboard Bounty while trying to save the ship.
Bengt Danielsson, a Kon-Tiki crew member, wrote
What Happened on the Bounty in 1962.
- published: 12 Jan 2015
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