Look up hats in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Hats can refer to:

• Hat, an item of clothing worn on a person's head.
• de Bono Hats, the six thinking strategies
• Hats (party), a political faction in Sweden, during the 18th century
• Hats (album), an album by British group The Blue Nile
• Hi-hats, one of the essential cymbals in a drum set

See also[link]

• Hat (disambiguation)
• Hatt (disambiguation)
• Het (disambiguation)
• Hett (disambiguation)

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

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Edward de Bono
De Bono in 2010.
Born	(1933-05-19) May 19, 1933 (age 79) Malta

Edward de Bono (born 19 May 1933) is a Maltese physician, author, inventor and consultant. He originated the term lateral thinking, wrote the book Six Thinking Hats and is a proponent of the deliberate teaching of thinking as a subject in schools.

Biography[link]

Edward Charles Francis Publius de Bono was born in Malta on 19 May 1933. His father, Joseph, was a Professor of Medicine, and was awarded a CBE. His mother, Josephine, was one of the first female journalists writing for The Times of Malta. Edward studied at St Edward's College in Malta. Nicknamed 'genius', he graduated at the age of 15. De Bono then gained a medical degree from the University of Malta. He was a Rhodes Scholar at Christ Church, Oxford, in England where he gained an M.A. degree in psychology and physiology whilst being a keen sportsman. Note a canoeing record, going from Oxford to London, a distance of 113 miles and crossing 33 locks in 33 hours. He played Polo for Oxford University with a Handicap of 2. He also has a Ph.D. degree and a D.Phil. degree in Medicine from Trinity College, Cambridge, a D.Des. degree (Doctor of Design) from the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, and an LL.D. degree from the University of Dundee. De Bono is a member of the Medical Research Society and the Athenaeum Club.

He has held faculty appointments at the universities of Oxford, Cambridge, London and Harvard. He is a professor at Malta, Pretoria, Central England and Dublin City University. de Bono holds the Da Vinci Professor of Thinking chair at University of Advancing Technology in Phoenix, USA.^[1] He was one of the 27 Ambassadors for the European Year of Creativity and Innovation 2009.^[2] He was nominated for the Nobel Prize for Economics in 2005.

De Bono was formerly married to Josephine Hall-White, with whom he has two sons. He continues to travel giving seminars on his work and to write. He lives in Malta and owns an apartment in Piccadilly, London (previous residents of which include the Victorian prime minister William Gladstone and the poet Lord Byron).

In 1969 de Bono founded the Cognitive Research Trust (CoRT). In 1979 he co-founded the Edward de Bono School of Thinking.

He has written 82 books with translations into 41 languages. He has taught his thinking methods to government agencies, corporate clients, organizations and individuals, privately or publicly in group sessions. He has started to set up the World Center for New Thinking, based in Malta, which he describes as a "kind of intellectual Red Cross".

In 1995, he created the futuristic documentary film, 2040: Possibilities by Edward de Bono, a lecture designed to prepare an audience of viewers released from a cryogenic freeze for contemporary (2040) society.

Edward de Bono has developed a range of thinking techniques, which emphasise thinking as a learnable skill and deliberate act. De Bono's techniques are used in companies like IBM and DuPont. Agencies offer corporate training courses based on his techniques such as think outside the box.

Work[link]

Lateral thinking[link]

Edward de Bono's key concept is that logical, linear and critical thinking has limitations because it is based on argumentation. The traditional critical thinking processes of Plato, Aristotle and Socrates are reductive, designed to eliminate all but the truth. In many of de Bono's books, he calls for the more important need for creative thinking as a constructive way though that is deliberately designed. In de Bono's first book, Mechanism of Mind, he wrote of the importance of disrupting the dominant patterns preferred by human brain design, in order to facilitate potential creative abilities. Many of de Bono's speculative models from that era about how the brain worked were vindicated by later brain research.

Lateral thinking, (literally, sideways thinking) uses various acts of provocation to incite ideas that are free from previously locked assumptions. The best known lateral thinking technique is the "random word." Invention of the word "PO" by de Bono, (meaning Provocative Operation, also related to POetry and hyPOthesis) gives notice that what will follow isn't meant as nonsense, but intended to relate to the subject at hand. Various provocative lateral thinking actions, (such as escape, new stimuli, reversal, etc.) were designed to deliberately shift perceptional assumptions for the purpose of generating observations and insights about the subject.

Lateral thinking is different from our normal perceptions regarding creativity and innovation, and it is even different from pure vertical logic and pure horizontal imagination:

Purely horizontal thinking is known as daydreaming. Fantasy. Mysticism. The purely horizontal thinker has a thousand ideas but puts none of them into action. He or she sees the big picture and all its possibilities but has little interest in linear, step-by-step implementation.

Purely vertical thinking leads to compliance, conformity, and a false sense of knowledge. (False because it’s often just memorization in disguise. The student knows what to do without understanding why.) The purely vertical thinker is a nit-picker, a legalist, a tight-ass.

Direct teaching of thinking[link]

De Bono proposes that most of the problems in thinking are perceptual. Many more mistakes are made by jumping to the wrong conclusion too soon than by thinking irrationally once factors are known.

Edward de Bono held that "Operacy" is key, (another new word he has coined, related to literacy and numeracy.) Creativity should be producible on demand. Formation and design from new ideas cannot merely be left to chance. Because of these opinions, de Bono continues to invent ways to teach creative thinking as a separate skill. Former teaching strategies include complete courses that were adopted as curricula for children, with later versions adapted for adults. This included many attention directing tools under the names of CoRT, later as DATT, Masterthinker series, and the most widely used Six Thinking Hats. He continues to experiment with new systems such as The de Bono Code.

All his thinking tools operate by directing attention to various aspects and factors of the topic at hand for a short time period of a few minutes. The various tools (with their corresponding acronyms) are often combined together in series to arrive at practical solutions.

For example, after making a list Considering All Factors, (CAF) the thinker selects a priority after doing a FIP (First Important Priorities.) Then, an OPV (Other Peoples' View) is used to help implementation of the idea. This tool prompts the thinker to list the people (or types of people) who would be affected by a proposed idea. The thinker is then required to imagine what effects that idea would have on each of these different people so their concerns may be anticipated and answered.While this may sound like an exercise in altruism, it need not be. Say you've got a selfish desire (e.g. you're a kid wanting ice cream), then doing an OPV will help you anticipate and plan for other peoples' responses (e.g. "Mummy, me and Jimmy were thinking that cleaning our rooms to your complete satisfaction might earn us both an ice cream. But we would have to eat these ice-creams immediately to avoid spoiling our dinner, so we'd have to start cleaning right away.")

Schools from over twenty countries have included de Bono's thinking tools into their curriculum.^[3]

Language[link]

De Bono has stated that he regards language as having been both the biggest help and the biggest barrier to human progress. His contention is that just as language has allowed one generation to pass useful knowledge onto the next, it has also allowed dangerous myths and out-of-date ideas to become enshrined.

Also Language for Edward De Bono in his book I am Right You Are Wrong states that language is a poor thinking system, yet it dominate our thinking till know and it create the seductive dichotomies which we need and create in order to operate the logical principle of contradiction of good/evil, Either/or, us/them etc.

Convinced that a key way forward for humanity is better language, he published "The Edward de Bono Code Book" in 2000. In this book, he proposed a suite of new words based on numbers, where each number combination represents a useful idea or situation that currently does not have a single-word representation. For example, de Bono code 6/2 means "Give me my point of view and I will give you your point of view." dBc 6/2 might be used in situations where one or both of two parties in a dispute are making insufficient effort to understand the other's perspective.^[4]

Edward De Bono On Art[link]

Edward De Bono in his book I Am Right You Are Wrong write that art is directly concerned with redirecting existing perceptions and changing them, but does not encourage perceptual skills. In the end art is a form of communication while in his book Water Logic he writes that art need to highlight, to deepen perception and to open up insights. This is done by disrupting the patterns, by juxtaposing patterns by providing new pattern framework and he give us the example that when anything new arise such as Impressionism it was first was judged ugly, hideous by most art critic. This was because it was “ugly” when viewed through the frames of expectation of existing and traditional painting. He continues that people had to be trained to look at the painting in a different way to appreciate their beauty. Carrying this to the extreme is Andy Warhol Brillo Boxes or put a pile of scattered bricks in an art gallery and you ask the people as a work of art then they really do become a work of art. Our normal perception patterns treat bricks and treated the Brillo boxes as mundane material but if we break the loop of our perception pattern we see them differently but still keep a faint echo of their constructive value. This is because when we explore a rouse clearly we set perception but then we pass that perception as we just see it and put it somewhere generally and we don't break any pattern anymore.

Edward De Bono also wrote that Water Logic is present in such art as poetry. This is because as he writes in the book I Am Right You Are Wrong in poetry we add layer after layer of words, images, metaphors and other vehicles for perception. It all builds up in one holistic perception. Poetry is an area of lateral thinking, he originated a form of poetry, similar to a limerick, that he termed a "Bonto." In 2007, his Septoe idea was given life through a new website. Septoes allow people to distill their wisdom into phrases of exactly seven words.^[5]

Ideas[link]

Edward De Bono argues that The new thinking of the New Renaissance are to be based on the most fundamental of all bases, more fundamental than philosophical word-play or belief system. They are to be based directly on how the human brain works and in particular the way the human way creates perception” Edward De Bono writes in the book I Am Right You Are Wrong. He continues that the last renaissance received and polished the methods of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle the golden age of Greek philosophy. It is possible that that the argument method was in use before and De Bono continue that Socrates developed it in a formidable procedure. Then there is a remarkable paradox of how history made the revival of Greek argument thinking in the last renaissance while he proposes a new renaissance that of design that is an evolution of such thinking. But on the last renaissance it served a dual purpose. On the one hand used by humanistic thinkers that used the system of logic and reason to attack the dogma that suffocated society. On the other hand, church thinker led by the genius of Thomas Aquinas of Naples developed the same argument of logic into a powerful way of defeating the numerous heresies that were forever surfacing. Perhaps this is not so surprising, since the new method was such an obvious advance on existing thinking method. He continues that truth is a destination is a very powerful motivator.

In his book Teach Yourself To Think Edward De Bono writes “From Plato came an obsession with truth and the belief that we could establish this logically. This believe has been a powerful motivator to all subsequent thinkers and he adds that Plato was a fascist. From Socrates in this book he writes that we took argumentation Dialectics criticism that is more important to construct what is wrong that what is useful and ultimately from Aristotle we inherited that which is based on “is” and “is not” and avoidance of contradiction. He says that the past used logic is called Rock Logic that is permanent and unchanging absolute and we need to use water logic instead which is a flexible logic and which rock logic can also be in as rocks are in the sea, in water. This is based on “to”. The concept of fit and flow.

He therefore also proposes the Six Thinking Hats rather then argument as it is more productive as he states.

In 2000, de Bono advised a U.K Foreign Office committee that the Arab-Israeli conflict might be due, in part, to low levels of zinc found in people who eat unleavened bread (e.g. pita flatbread), a known side-effect of which is aggression. He suggested shipping out jars of Marmite to compensate.^[6][7]

He has suggested an alternative to the penalty shootout when a soccer match ends in a draw. If the number of times each goalkeeper touches the ball is recorded throughout the game the results can be compared in the event of a draw. The team whose goalkeeper has touched the ball more often is the loser. The winner will then be the team that has had more attempts at scoring goals and is more aggressive (and therefore exciting) in their style of play. This mechanism would avoid the tension of the penalty shoot out. However, some people argue that this method of deciding a drawn match completely ignores the goalkeeper's skill which can win a game for a team. If the game goes to a penalty shootout, even though one team may have completely dominated the other, the goalkeeper has kept the scores level. Furthermore the goalkeeper can make highly skilled saves in a penalty shootout and defeat the better team.

Games[link]

Edward de Bono invented a simple game as a challenge, called the L Game, that requires strategy to win, and 'Concept Snap', which requires participants to think of ways in which different objects can be used to perform similar functions. He does concede that what is learned from games tends not to be transferred to thinking in real life.

Critiques[link]

The following two critiques on research methodology assume the Philosophy of Positivism. The critiques on Positivism usually comes from the Philosophy of Antipositivism.

1. In the Handbook of Creativity, Robert J. Sternberg writes, "Equally damaging to the scientific study of creativity, in our view, has been the takeover of the field, in the popular mind, by those who follow what might be referred to as a pragmatic approach. Those taking this approach have been concerned primarily with developing creativity, secondarily with understanding it, but almost not at all with testing the validity of their ideas about it." Sternberg continues, "Perhaps the foremost proponent of this approach is Edward De Bono, whose work on lateral thinking and other aspects of creativity has had what appears to be considerable commercial success."^[8]
2. Frameworks For Thinking is an evaluation of 42 popular thinking frameworks conducted by a team of researchers. Regarding Edward De Bono they write, "[he] is more interested in the usefulness of developing ideas than proving the reliability or efficacy of his approach. There is sparse research evidence to show that generalised improvements in thinking performance can be attributed to training in the use of CoRT or Thinking Hats tools. An early evaluation of CoRT reported significant benefits for Special Educational Needs (SEN) pupils.... However, in a more recent study with Australian aboriginal children (Ritchie and Edwards, 1996), little evidence of generalisation was found other than in the area of creative thinking."^[9]

The views of De Bono on language have been challenged by some philologists (Marco Ferri, 1994) who contend that his view of language as the biggest barrier to human progress is superficial. Ferri argues that a lack of human critical judgement should be held responsible for the transmission of out-of-date ideas.^{[citation needed]}

De Bono has also been criticized for his suggestion of exporting Marmite to the Middle East in order to ease conflict in the area (as the area is associated with low zinc levels, which De Bono argued leads to heightened aggression). This idea achieved certain prominence and was featured on an episode of the British television programme, QI.

Published works[link]

Partial list of books by de Bono include:

• The Use of Lateral Thinking (1967) ISBN 0-14-013788-2, introduced the term "lateral thinking"
• New Think (1967, 1968) ISBN 0-380-01426-2
• The Five-Day Course in Thinking (1968), introduced the L game
• The Mechanism of the Mind (1969), Intl Center for Creative Thinking 1992 reprint: ISBN 0-14-013787-4
• Lateral Thinking: Creativity Step by Step, (1970), Harper & Row 1973 paperback: ISBN 0-06-090325-2
• The Dog-Exercising Machine (1970)
• Technology Today (1971)
• Practical Thinking (1971)
• Lateral Thinking for Management (1971)
• Po: A Device for Successful Thinking (1972), ISBN 0-671-21338-5, introduced the term Po
• Children Solve Problems (1972) ISBN 139780060110246, ISBN 100060110244
• Po: Beyond Yes and No (1973), ISBN 0-14-021715-0
• Eureka!: An Illustrated History of Inventions from the Wheel to the Computer (1974)
• Teaching Thinking (1976)
• The Greatest Thinkers: The Thirty Minds That Shaped Our Civilization (1976), ISBN 0-399-11762-8
• Wordpower: An Illustrated Dictionary of Vital Words (1977)
• The Happiness Purpose (1977)
• Opportunities : A handbook for business opportunity search (1978)
• Future Positive (1979)
• Atlas of Management Thinking (1981)
• De Bono's Course in Thinking (1982)
• Learn-To-Think: Coursebook and Instructors Manual with Michael Hewitt-Gleeson de Saint-Arnaud (1982), ISBN 0-88496-199-0
• Tactics: The Art and Science of Success (1985)
• Conflicts: A Better Way to Resolve them (1985)
• Masterthinker's Handbook (1985)
• Six Thinking Hats (1985) ISBN 0-316-17831-4
• I Am Right, You Are Wrong: From This to the New Renaissance: From Rock Logic to Water Logic (1991) ISBN 0-670-84231-1^[10]
• Six Action Shoes (1991)
• Handbook for the Positive Revolution (1991) ISBN 0-14-012679-1
• Serious Creativity: Using the Power of Lateral Thinking to Create New Ideas (1992) ISBN 0-00-255143-8 – a summation of many of De Bono's ideas on creativity
• Sur/Petition (1992) ISBN 0-88730-543-1
• Parallel thinking: from Socratic thinking to de Bono thinking (1994) ISBN 0-670-85126-4
• Teach Yourself How to Think (1995)
• Textbook of Wisdom (1996) ISBN 0-670-87011-0
• How to Be More Interesting (1998)
• Simplicity (1999)
• New Thinking for the New Millennium (1999)
• Why I Want To Be King of Australia (1999)
• How to Have A Beautiful Mind (2004)
• Six Value Medals (2005)
• H+ (Plus): A New Religion (2006)
• How to Have Creative Ideas (2007)
• Free or Unfree? : Are Americans Really Free? (2007) ISBN 1-59777-544-4
• Six Frames For Thinking About Information (2008)
• Think! Before It's Too Late (2009) ISBN 978-0-09-192409-6

De Bono has also written numerous articles published in refereed and other journals, including The Lancet and Clinical Science.

See also[link]

• Philosophy in Malta
• The da Vinci Medallion
• De Bono Hats
• Parallel thinking
• School of Thinking

References[link]

The Edward de Bono Society is an information based and social networking site for all de Bono followers.

1. ^ "About Edward de Bono". Edward de Bono's Personal Web Site. 2008-05-05. http://www.edwarddebono.com/about.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-05. 
2. ^ European Year of Creativity and Innovation 2009 - Europa, Europa.eu. Accessed 2009-05-14.
3. ^ "About Edward de Bono". Edward de Bono's Personal Web Site. 2008-05-05. http://www.edwarddebono.com/about.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-05. 
4. ^ de Bono, Edward (2000). The de Bono Code Book. pp. 52. 
5. ^ "Septoe Web Site". Innovation Delivery. 2008-05-05. http://www.yourwisdom.ie. Retrieved 2008-05-05. 
6. ^ Lloyd, J & Mitchinson, J: "The Book of General Ignorance". Faber & Faber, 2006.
7. ^ Louise Jury: De Bono's Marmite plan for peace in Middle Yeast, The Independent, 19 December 1999, retrieved 11 February 2009.
8. ^ Sternberg, R. J. & Lubart, T. L. (1999). "The Concept of Creativity", in ed. Sternberg, R. J.: Handbook of Creativity. Cambridge University Press.
9. ^ Moseley, D., Baumfield, V., Elliott, J., Gregson, M., Higgins, S., Miller, J., Newton, D. (2005). "De Bono's lateral and parallel thinking tools", in ed. Moseley, David: Frameworks for Thinking. Cambridge University Press.
10. ^ Amazon.com listing, hardcover edition, retrieved March 7, 2012.

Further reading[link]

• Piers Dudgeon: Breaking Out of the Box: The Biography of Edward de Bono. London: Headline, 2001. ISBN 0-7472-6542-X.

External links[link]

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Edward de Bono

• Official website
• Antonella Gambotto-Burke's interview with Edward de Bono
• Video interview on The Magazine Post

Del Shannon (December 30, 1934 – February 8, 1990) was an American rock and roll singer-songwriter who had a No. 1 hit, "Runaway", in 1961.

Biography[link]

Del Shannon was born Charles Weedon Westover in Grand Rapids, Michigan. He grew up in Coopersville, a small town near Grand Rapids. There he learned ukulele and guitar and listened to country and western music, including Hank Williams, Hank Snow, and Lefty Frizzell. He was drafted into the Army in 1954, and while in Germany played guitar in a band called The Cool Flames.

When his service ended, he returned to Battle Creek, Michigan, and worked in a furniture factory as a truck driver and selling carpets. He also found part-time work as a rhythm guitarist in singer Doug DeMott's group, working at the Hi-Lo Club.^[1] When DeMott was fired in 1958, Westover took over as leader and singer, giving himself the name Charlie Johnson and renaming his band The Big Little Show Band.^[2]

In early 1959 he added keyboardist Max Crook, who played the Musitron (his own invention of an early synthesizer). Crook had made recordings, and he persuaded Ann Arbor disc jockey Ollie McLaughlin to hear the band. McLaughlin took the group's demos to Harry Balk and Irving Micahnik of Talent Artists in Detroit. In July 1960, Westover and Crook signed to become recording artists and composers on the Bigtop label. Balk suggested Westover use a new name, and they came up with "Del Shannon", combining Shannon Kavanagh with Del, derived from the Cadillac Coupe de Ville, his favorite car.^[2]

Success[link]

He flew to New York City, but his first sessions were not successful. McLaughlin then persuaded Shannon and Crook to rewrite and re-record one of their earlier songs, originally called "Little Runaway", using the Musitron as lead instrument. On 21 January 1961, they recorded "Runaway", which was released as a single in February 1961, reaching #1 in the Billboard chart in April.

Shannon followed with "Hats Off to Larry", which peaked at #5 (Billboard) and #2 on Cashbox in 1961, and the less popular "So Long, Baby," another song of breakup bitterness. "Runaway" and "Hats Off to Larry" were recorded in a day.^[3] "Little Town Flirt", in 1962 (with Bob Babbitt), reached #12 in 1963, as did the album of the same title. After these hits, Shannon was unable to keep his momentum in the U.S., but continued his success in England, where he had always been more popular. In 1963, he became the first American to record a cover version of a song by The Beatles: his "From Me to You" charted in the US before The Beatles' version.

Berlee Records and move to Amy[link]

By August 1963, Shannon's relationship with his managers and Bigtop had soured, so he formed his own label, Berlee Records, named after his parents^[4] and distributed by Diamond Records. Two singles were issued: the apparently Four Seasons-inspired "Sue's Gotta Be Mine" was a moderate hit, attaining #71 in the US and #21 in the UK (where Shannon's records continued on the London label). The second single, "That's The Way Love Is", did not chart, and Shannon patched things up with his managers soon after. In early 1964, he was placed on Amy (Stateside in the UK), and the Berlee label disappeared.

He returned to the charts immediately with "Handy Man" (a 1960 hit by Jimmy Jones), "Do You Wanna Dance" (a 1958 hit by Bobby Freeman), and two originals, "Keep Searchin'" (#3 in the UK; #9 in the US), and "Stranger in Town" (#40 in the UK).

In the latter part of 1964, Shannon produced a demo recording session for a young fellow Michigander named Bob Seger, who would go on to stardom much later. Del gave acetates of the session to Dick Clark (Del was on one of Clark's tours in 1965) and by 1966 Bob Seger was recording for Philadelphia's famed Cameo Records label, resulting in some regional hits which would eventually lead to a major-label deal with Capitol Records.

Also in late 1964, Del paid tribute to one of his own musical idols, with Del Shannon sings Hank Williams, Amy Records 8004, released in the closing days of 1964. The album was recorded in hardcore country honky-tonk style and no singles were released.

Shannon opened with Ike and Tina Turner at Dave Hull's Hullabaloo in Los Angeles, California on 22 December 1965.^[5]

Moves to Liberty, United Artists and Island[link]

Shannon signed with Liberty in 1966 and revived Miss Toni Fisher's "The Big Hurt" and the Rolling Stones' "Under My Thumb". Peter and Gordon released his "I Go To Pieces" in 1965.^[2] Shannon also discovered country singer Johnny Carver, who was then working in the Los Angeles area. Del got Carver a contract with Liberty Records subsidiary Imperial Records, writing, producing and arranging both sides of Carver's debut single "One Way Or The Other"/"Think About Her All The Time". Carver went on to have nearly twenty Country-chart hits during the late 60s and 70s. The liner notes to his debut Imperial album acknowledge Del's role in his being brought to the label.

In the late 1960s, not having charted for several years, he turned to production. In 1969, he discovered Smith and arranged their hit "Baby, It's You," which had been a hit for the Shirelles in 1963. In 1970, he produced Brian Hyland's million-seller "Gypsy Woman", a cover of Curtis Mayfield.

During Shannon's Liberty Records tenure, success on a national scale eluded him, but he scored several "regional" U.S. chart hits with "The Big Hurt", "Under My Thumb", "She", "Led Along" and "Runaway" (1967 version). The 1967 version of "Runaway" (recorded in England and produced by Andrew Loog Oldham) also did well on Canadian and Australian pop charts.

In early '67, Shannon recorded the album Home And Away in England, with Rolling Stones producer Andrew Loog Oldham at the helm. Intended by Oldham as the British answer to Pet Sounds, Home And Away was shelved by Liberty Records, although a handful of singles were issued. It was not until 1978 that all of the tracks were eventually issued (with three non-related tracks) on a British album titled And The Music Plays On. In 1991, all of the tracks were released in the US as part of the Del Shannon – The Liberty Years CD. In 2006, 39 years after it was recorded, Home And Away was finally released as a stand-alone collection by EMI Records, in the UK. This CD collected the eleven original tracks in stereo and the five single releases (US, UK and Philippines) in their original monaural mixes.

In September 1967, Del began laying down the tracks for "The Further Adventures Of Charles Westover", which would be highly regarded by fans and critics alike, despite disappointing sales. The album yielded two 1968 singles, "Thinkin' It Over" and "Gemini" (recently the subject of a Pilooski remix). In October 1968, Liberty Records released their tenth (in the USA) and final Del Shannon single, a cover of Dee Clark's 1961 hit, "Raindrops". This brought to a close a commercially disappointing period in Del's career.

In 1972, he signed to United Artists and recorded Live In England, released in June 1973. Reviewer Chris Martin critiqued the album favourably, saying that Shannon never improvised, was always true to the original sounds of his music, and that only Lou Christie rivaled his falsetto.^[6] In April 1975, Shannon signed with Island Records.^[7]

After he and his manager jointly sought back royalties for Shannon, Bug Music was founded in 1975 to administer his songs.^[8]

A 1976 article on Shannon's concert at The Roxy Theatre described the singer as "personal, pure and simple rock 'n' roll, dated but gratifyingly undiluted." Shannon sang some of his new rock songs along with classics like "Endless Sleep" and "The Big Hurt." Writer Richard Cromelin said "Shannon's haunting vignettes of heartbreak and restlessness contain something of a cosmic undercurrent which has the protagonist tragically doomed to a bleak, shadowy struggle."^[9]

Later career[link]

Shannon's career slowed greatly in the 1970s, in part due to his alcoholism.^[10] Welsh rock singer Dave Edmunds produced the Shannon single "And the Music Plays On" in 1974.^[2] In 1978 he stopped drinking and began work on "Sea of Love", released in the early 1980s. This song came from Shannon's album Drop Down and Get Me, produced by Tom Petty. The album took two years to record and featured Petty's Heartbreakers backing Shannon. RSO Records, which recorded Shannon, folded, and the LP was recorded by Network Records and distributed by Elektra Records. Seven songs are Shannon originals with covers of the Everly Brothers, Rolling Stones, Frankie Ford, and "Sea of Love" by Phil Phillips. It was Shannon's first album in eight years.^[3]

In February 1982, Shannon appeared at the Bottom Line. He performed pop-rock tunes and old hits. New York Times reviewer Stephen Holden described an "easygoing pop-country" manner. On "Runaway" and "Keep Searchin," Shannon and his band rediscovered the sound "in which his keen falsetto played off against airy organ obbligatos." In the 1980s Shannon performed "competent but mundane country-rock".^[11] In 1986, Shannon enjoyed a top-ten hit as a songwriter when pop-country singer Juice Newton released a single of her cover of Shannon's "Cheap Love," which reached #9 on the Billboard Hot Country chart.

Shannon enjoyed a resurgence after re-recording "Runaway" with new lyrics as the theme for the NBC-TV television program Crime Story. Producer Michael Mann felt this was definitive of the era in which the program was set.^{[citation needed]} The new lyrics replaced "wishin' you were here by me... to end this misery" with “watchin’ all the things go by... some live, while others die,” reflecting the violent, mob-related show.

In 1988, Shannon sang "The World We Know" with The Smithereens on their album Green Thoughts. Shortly after, in 1990, he recorded with Jeff Lynne of Electric Light Orchestra, and there were rumors he would join The Traveling Wilburys after Roy Orbison's death.^[10] Previously, in 1975, Shannon had recorded tracks with Lynne, along with "In My Arms Again," a self-penned country song recorded by Warner Brothers, which had signed Shannon in 1984.^[2]

Death and legacy[link]

Suffering from depression, Shannon committed suicide on February 8, 1990, with a .22 caliber rifle at his home while on a prescription dose of the anti-depressant drug Prozac in Santa Clarita, California. Following his death, The Traveling Wilburys honored him by recording a version of "Runaway". Lynne also co-produced Shannon's posthumous album, Rock On, released on Silvertone in 1991.^{[citation needed]}

Shannon was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1999,^[12] and his contributions have been recognized by the Rockabilly Hall of Fame.

In 2005, Shannon was inducted into the Michigan Rock and Roll Legends Hall of Fame.^[13] In 2007, Shannon's recording of "Runaway" was voted the #1 Legendary Michigan Song.^[14] Shannon has had two other recordings recognized as Legendary Michigan songs: "Keep Searchin' (We'll Follow The Sun)" in 2008 and "Hats Off to Larry" in 2009.^[15]

Film and television[link]

Filmography[link]

• It's Trad, Dad! (aka Ring A Ding Rhythm) (1962)
• "Daytona Beach Weekend" (1965)
• The Best of Del Shannon, Rock 'N' Roll's Greatest Hits in Concert, (Live from the Rock & Roll Love Palace, Kissimmee, Florida, 1988). a television program hosted by Wolfman Jack.

Television[link]

• "American Bandstand" (1961)
• "Milt Grant Show" (DC) (1961)
• "The Buddy Deane Show" (1962)
• Shindig! (1965)
• "Hulaballoo" (1965)
• "The Lloyd Thaxton Show" (1965)
• "Shivaree" (1965)
• "The Merv Griffin Show" (Monday, August 16, 1965)
• Hollywood A Go-Go (1965)
• "Where The Action Is" (1966)
• Late Night with David Letterman (1986)
• "The Swingin Kind" ABC Television with Lee Alan

Hit singles[link]

• ^APeaked at #56 on Hot Country Songs.

Literature[link]

• Bak, Richard (July, 2011). Del Shannon's Runaway Success Led to his Downfall. Hour Detroit. http://www.hourdetroit.com/Hour-Detroit/July-2011/The-Flip-Side-of-Success/. Retrieved August 17, 2011. 
• DeWitt, Howard A. (2001). Stranger in Town: The Musical Life of Del Shannon. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Publ.. ISBN 978-0-7872-8854-9. 

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• Del Shannon at the Internet Movie Database
• Del Shannon at Allmusic
• Del Shannon at Discogs

Adam Baldwin
Adam Baldwin in 2011
Born	(1962-02-27) February 27, 1962 (age 50) Winnetka, Illinois, U.S.
Occupation	Actor
Years active	since 1980
Religion	Christianity

Adam Baldwin (born February 27, 1962) is an American actor, known for his roles as Animal Mother in Stanley Kubrick's Full Metal Jacket, Ricky Linderman in My Bodyguard, Knowle Rohrer in The X-Files, Marcus Hamilton in Angel, and Chad Shelten in Day Break. He also established a cult following as Jayne Cobb in Firefly. More recently, he starred as Colonel John Casey on Chuck, as well as provided the voice of Decepticon Breakdown in Transformers: Prime.

Adam Baldwin is not one of the Baldwin brothers.

Career[link]

Appearing in a large number of films since 1980, Baldwin rose to prominence as the troubled outcast Ricky Linderman in My Bodyguard (1980) and moved on to bigger roles in D.C. Cab (1983), Full Metal Jacket (1987), Predator 2 (1990), Independence Day (1996), The Patriot (2000) and Serenity (2005)—in which he reprises his role as the mercenary Jayne Cobb from the television series Firefly. His other work includes Radio Flyer (1992), From the Earth to the Moon (1998), The X-Files (Knowle Rohrer), Smoke Jumpers (1996), The Cape, Men in Black: The Series, Stargate SG-1, Angel, The Inside, NCIS, the 2005 remake of The Poseidon Adventure, Bones (2006) one episode as Special Agent Jamie Kenton. He also starred in the ABC series Day Break as Chad Shelten in 2006. Baldwin parodied the Ricky Linderman character in the 2008 film Drillbit Taylor. He is also known for NBC's Chuck, in which he played John Casey, one of the lead characters for the five season run of the show. In a recent episode of Castle, Baldwin was reunited with former Firefly castmate Nathan Fillion.

Baldwin won a SyFy Genre Award in 2006 for Best Supporting Actor/Television for his role as Jayne Cobb in the television series Firefly.^[1]

Baldwin was cast as Clark Kent/Superman in the first DC animated universe movie, Superman: Doomsday, based on DC Comics' The Death of Superman. He also voices the character in the massively multiplayer online game, DC Universe Online.

Baldwin has a role as a voice actor in the Xbox 360 games Halo 3 and Halo 3: ODST, the latter putting him in the role of Corporal Taylor "Dutch" Miles. Baldwin also appears as a voice actor in Half Life 2: Episode 2 for various resistance soldiers and citizens. He also appeared in Mass Effect 2, playing the role of quarian marine squad leader Kal'Reegar.

Personal life[link]

Baldwin was born in Winnetka, Illinois and studied at New Trier Township High School East in Winnetka.^[2] He has three children with his wife, Ami.^[3]

He has been a registered voter with the Democratic Party since 1980,^[4] but admits reexamining his views after being given a copy of David Horowitz's book Radical Son.^[5] Politically, he considers himself a "small government conservative libertarian",^[6] and has contributed blogs to The Huffington Post^[7] and Big Hollywood.^[8]

As a hobby, he collects and posts links to varying conservative viewpoints on his Twitter feed.^[9][10]

Recently he has become an avid supporter of Ride 2 Recovery, a bike riding organization set up for the rehabilitation of wounded veterans. Recently he participated in the "Don't Mess With Texas Challenge" bike ride.^{[when?][citation needed]}

Filmography[link]

Video games[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Adam Baldwin

• Adam Baldwin at the Internet Movie Database
• Adam Baldwin at TV Guide
• Adam Baldwin at AllRovi
• Adam Baldwin at Big Hollywood.com
• Adam Baldwin at TV Tropes