Pluralism is used, often in different ways, across a wide range of topics to denote a diversity of views, and stands in opposition to one single approach or method of interpretation:

Anies Baswedan, Ph.D., (born in Indonesia, May 7, 1969) is the current President of Paramadina University in Jakarta, Indonesia. He is the initiator and chairman of Indonesia Mengajar (Teaching Indonesia).

As a student, he was actively involved in the Indonesian student movements during Suharto's authoritarian regime. He is known as one of the few Indonesian student leaders from the early 1990s movements to win a Fulbright scholarship and study abroad for graduate school. He is now a prominent political analyst and highly respected young leader in Indonesia. He is also known as one of Indonesia's youngest university presidents.

US magazine Foreign Policy named him as one of the top 100 public intellectuals in the world in May 2008 and the World Economic Forum included him in the 2009 Young Global Leaders. In April 2010, the Japanese magazine Foresight, a Tokyo based international affairs magazine, published a special report entitled: 20 Persons 20 Years. This report lists 20 persons (from all continents) to be watched in the next 20 years, Baswedan is included in that list along with names such as Vladimir Putin (Russia), David Milliband (UK), Hugo Chavez (Venezuela), and Rahul Gandhi (India). He is the only person from Southeast Asia included in this list. In July 2010, the Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre in Jordan listed him in the 500 Most Influential Muslims in the world. In November 2010, PASIAD of Turkey granted Baswedan the PASIAN Education Award for his roles in advancing education in rural areas of Indonesia.

Keith Preston may refer to:

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Marcus J. Borg (born 1942) is an American New Testament scholar, theologian and author. He is a fellow of the Jesus Seminar and was formerly Hundere Distinguished Professor of Religion and Culture at Oregon State University, a position from which he retired in 2007. Borg is among the most widely-known and influential voices in progressive Christianity and is a major figure in scholarship related to the Historical Jesus.

Borg was born and raised in a Lutheran family in South Dakota. After high school he attended Concordia College in Minnesota, initially planning to be an astrophysicist and majoring in math and physics. He later changed his major to political science and philosophy. Though plagued by doubt as a young adult, after his undergraduate studies Borg decided to study at Union Seminary in New York City, where he became familiarized with liberal theology. One of the profound influences on Borg during his seminary years was his professor and the noted theologian W. D. Davies. After graduating from Union he then enrolled at Oxford University, where he earned his D. Phil.

Tariq Ramadan (Arabic: طارق رمضان‎; born 26 August 1962 in Geneva, Switzerland) is a Swiss academic and writer. He is also a Professor of Contemporary Islamic Studies in the Faculty of Oriental Studies at Oxford University. He advocates the study and re-interpretation of Islamic texts, and emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of Western Muslims.

Tariq Ramadan is the son of Said Ramadan and Wafa Al-Bana, who was the eldest daughter of Hassan al Banna, who in 1928 founded the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt. Gamal al-Banna, the liberal Muslim reformer is his great-uncle. His father was a prominent figure in the Muslim Brotherhood and was exiled by Gamal Abdul Nasser from Egypt to Switzerland, where Tariq was born.

Tariq Ramadan studied Philosophy and French literature at the Masters level and holds a PhD in Arabic and Islamic studies from the University of Geneva. He also wrote a PhD dissertation on Friedrich Nietzsche, entitled Nietzsche as a Historian of Philosophy.