Coordinates: 39°59′53″N 75°14′26″W / 39.99796°N 75.24059°W / 39.99796; -75.24059

Barnes Foundation
Location of the Barnes Foundation in Lower Merion Township
Established	1922
Location	300 North Latch's Lane Merion, Pennsylvania, United States
Director	Derek Gillman
Website	barnesfoundation.org

The Barnes Foundation is an American educational art and horticultural institution with locations in Merion, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Philadelphia, and Logan Square, Philadelphia. It was founded in 1922 by Albert C. Barnes, a chemist who collected art after making a fortune by co-developing an early antigonorrhea drug marketed as Argyrol.

Today, the foundation possesses more than 2,500 objects – including 800 paintings – estimated to be worth about $25 billion. These are primarily works by Impressionist and Modernist masters, but the collection includes many by leading European and American artists, as well as ancient works from other cultures.^[1]

The foundation became embroiled in controversy due to a financial crisis in the 1990s, partially related to longstanding restrictions related to the original trust and to its location in a residential neighborhood. The relocation of the gallery from Merion to the site in downtown Philadelphia on the Benjamin Franklin Parkway, for enhanced public access, occurred on May 19, 2012.^[2] A 2009 documentary makes the case that the foundation was the subject of a takeover by other non-profit institutions, in violation of Barnes' will and of his wish that the gallery remain outside the hands of the Philadelphia establishment.^[3]

Gallery and arboretum[link]

In 1922, the architect Paul Cret designed a complex of buildings for the school, on the land purchased by Barnes from American Civil War veteran and horticulturist Captain Joseph Lapsley Wilson. The building features several unusual cubist bas-reliefs, commissioned by Barnes from sculptor Jacques Lipchitz. The grounds, which were developed by his wife, Laura Barnes, with some of Wilson's plantings, are now the Arboretum of the Barnes Foundation.

History[link]

From 1912, Barnes, who derived his fortune from his development of the antiseptic drug Argyrol, began to dedicate himself to the pursuit of the arts. He was assisted at first by the painter William Glackens, with whom he had gone to Central High School and become friends. In 1912 in Paris, Barnes visited the home of Gertrude and Leo Stein, where he became familiar with the work of such Modernist artists as Henri Matisse and Pablo Picasso.

In the 1920s, he became acquainted with the work of Amedeo Modigliani and Giorgio de Chirico, thanks to the merchant Paul Guillaume. In 1922, Barnes began to transform his collection into a cultural institution. That year, he chartered the Barnes Foundation as an educational institution in the state of Pennsylvania, and began construction on the current complex of buildings in Merion.^[4] Soon afterward, a taxation dispute found its way to the Pennsylvania Supreme Court.^[5]

The Barnes Gallery was built on the grounds of Captain Joseph Lapsley Wilson's arboretum, established around 1880.^[6] Barnes built his home next to the gallery, and it now serves as the administration building of the foundation. Laura Barnes developed the arboretum and the horticulture program, which are integral parts of the foundation.

Collection[link]

The collection includes 181 paintings by Pierre-Auguste Renoir, 69 by Paul Cézanne, 59 by Henri Matisse, 46 by Pablo Picasso, 21 by Chaim Soutine, 18 by Henri Rousseau, 16 by Amedeo Modigliani, 11 by Edgar Degas, 7 by Vincent Van Gogh, and 6 by Georges Seurat. One of Matisse's works of dancers was created for the main gallery space, where the triptych is above Palladian windows.

In addition, the collection holds numerous other masters, including Giorgio de Chirico, Peter Paul Rubens, Titian, Paul Gauguin, El Greco, Francisco Goya, Edouard Manet, Jean Hugo, Claude Monet, Maurice Utrillo, William Glackens, Charles Demuth, and Maurice Prendergast. It also holds a variety of African artworks; ancient Egyptian, Greek, and Roman art; and American and European furniture, decorative arts and metalwork. A notable aspect of the foundation's art collection is its display in "wall ensembles", which are intentional combinations of works from different time periods, geographic areas, and styles for the purpose of comparison and study.

Philosophy[link]

Barnes's collaboration with the philosopher John Dewey strongly influenced his development of the original program of the foundation, which is a school rather than a typical museum. Dewey helped Barnes draw up its mandate.^[7][8][9] Barnes also hired two of Dewey's students, Lawrence Buermeyer (1889–1970) and Thomas Munro (1897–1974), to assist him with the early educational programs. Buermeyer and Munro each served as Associate Director of Education for several years, while Dewey served in the largely honorary position of Director of Education.^[10][11]

To control the institution's identity, Barnes created detailed terms of operation in an indenture of trust to be honored in perpetuity after his death. These included limiting public admission to two days a week, so the school could use the art collection primarily for student study, and prohibitions against lending works in the collection, colored reproductions of its works, touring the collection, and presenting touring exhibitions of other art. Matisse is said to have hailed the school as the only sane place in America to view art.^[12]

It was not until 1961, and the resolution of legal challenges, that the public was allowed regular access to the collection. Public access expanded to two and a half days a week, with a limit of 500 visitors per week and through reservations at least two weeks in advance.^[13] An earlier suit by an editor of The Philadelphia Inquirer, with the consent of, but not directly on behalf of, the Pennsylvania Attorney General, had been unsuccessful.^[14]

Recent developments[link]

World tour and building renovations[link]

In 1992, Richard H. Glanton, president of the foundation, said that extensive repairs were needed on the aging structure to upgrade its mechanical systems, preserve the fabric of the buildings, provide for maintenance and preservation of artworks, and provide security, required breaking some terms of the indenture in order to gain more revenue for the needed work. From 1993 to 1995, he sent a selection of 83 highlights of the collection's Impressionist and post-Impressionist paintings to be exhibited on a world tour, the proceeds of which were to pay for needed renovations to the Foundation. The seldom-seen works attracted large crowds in numerous cities, including Washington, D.C.; Fort Worth, Texas; Paris; Tokyo; Toronto; and at the Philadelphia Museum of Art.^[15][16] People opposed to fundraising events at the collection challenged them in court, but lost.^[17]

When the foundation tried to extend its hours for public access and increase the number of visitors, it was legally opposed by Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, and the township. Later, a number of financial irregularities were discovered in the administration of the collection. Between the renovations, the irregularities, and the associated legal expenses of court challenges, the financial situation of the Barnes declined. The revenues earned from the tour of paintings was not enough to ensure its endowment for the future. By Fall 1998, board members Niara Sudarkasa and Richard Glanton were suing each other, and an investigation was launched at Lincoln University about its finances. The foundation's board felt a similar investigation was warranted for activities during Glanton's tenure as president of the board. In 1998, the board of directors began a forensic audit conducted by Deloitte Touche, which showed the Foundation needed greater accountability and internal controls during the period from 1992 to 1998.^[18]

Relocation[link]

Barnes Foundation, Logan Square, Philadelphia. Photographed in April 2012, as the May opening neared

On September 24, 2002, the foundation announced that it would petition the Montgomery County Orphans' Court (which oversees its operations) to allow the art collection to be relocated to a more accessible site in Philadelphia (which offered a site on the Benjamin Franklin Parkway) and to increase the number of trustees from five to fifteen members. The foundation's indenture of trust stipulates that the paintings in the collection be kept "in exactly the places they are".^[16] The foundation argued that it needed to expand the board of trustees from five (four of which were held by persons appointed by Lincoln University) to fifteen members to make fundraising viable. For the same reason, it needed to relocate the gallery from Lower Merion to a site in Center City, Philadelphia. In its brief to the court, the foundation said that donors were reluctant to commit continuing financial resources to the Barnes unless the gallery were to become more accessible to the public.^[19]

On December 15, 2004, after a two-year legal battle that included an examination of the Foundation's financial situation, Judge Stanley Ott ruled that the foundation could relocate.^[19][20] Three charitable foundations – The Pew Charitable Trusts, the Lenfest Foundation and the Annenberg Foundation – had agreed to help the Barnes raise $150 million on the condition that the move be approved.^[21]

On June 13, 2005, the foundation's president, Kimberly Camp, announced her resignation, to take effect no later than January 1, 2006. Camp had been appointed in 1998 with the goal of stabilizing and restoring the foundation to its original mission. During her tenure, she initiated the Collection Assessment Project, as the first-ever, full-scale cataloguing and stabilization project for the multi-billion dollar collection; brought in exemplary professional staff, created the fundraising program, restored Ker-feal and the Barnes Arboretum and worked with the board to approve policies and procedures to make the foundation viable once again. In 2002, Dr. Bernard C. Watson initiated the proposal to move the Barnes.^[22]

Recently,^[when?] the foundation appointed a new Director of Education, to preserve and expand the education program in the new gallery It will be the site of the foundation's art and aesthetics courses.^[23] The foundation has pledged to reproduce Dr. Barnes's artistic arrangement of the artworks and other furniture within the new gallery to maintain the experience he intended to create.^[24]

Planning[link]

In August 2006, the foundation announced that it was beginning a planning analysis for the new gallery. Derek Gillman (formerly of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts) was selected as its new director and president.^[25] In June 2011, the foundation announced that it had successfully surpassed its $200 million fund-raising goal, of which $150 million will go toward construction of the Philadelphia building and associated costs, and $50 million will go to the foundation's endowment.^[26]

The foundation is proceeding with plans to relocate the collection to a new facility under construction in the 2,000 block of Philadelphia's Benjamin Franklin Parkway.^[27] Tod Williams & Billie Tsien Architects of New York have been selected as lead architects of the building project. The building team also consists of the Philadelphia-based firm, Ballinger, as associate architect, Olin Partnership as landscape architect and Fisher Marantz Stone as lighting designers. Aegis Property Group will serve as external project managers with L. F. Driscoll as construction managers. Supervising and coordinating the project for the foundation is Project Executive Bill McDowell.^[28]

Construction for the new building started in Fall 2009 and was completed in May 2012. The new foundation building houses the collection in galleries that replicate the scale, proportion and configuration of the original Merion galleries. The new site contains increased space for the foundation's art education program and conservation department, a retail shop and cafe.^[29]

Legal challenges to the move[link]

After Judge Ott's decision in 2004,^[20][30] The Friends of the Barnes Foundation and Montgomery County filed briefs in Montgomery County Orphan's Court to open the hearings that allowed the move. They hoped to persuade Judge Ott to reopen the case because of the changed circumstances in the County. On May 15, 2008, Judge Ott published an opinion dismissing the request of both the Friends of the Barnes Foundation and the Montgomery County Commissioners to reopen the case due to lack of standing. Congressman Jim Gerlach has strongly supported keeping the Barnes in Lower Merion.^[31][32]

On May 20, 2009, Friends of the Barnes Foundation appeared before the Commissioners of the Delaware River Port Authority (DRPA) in Camden, New Jersey, to request that they reconsider their 2003 authorization of a grant for $500,000 toward the plan to relocate the foundation. They contended there was not sufficient evidence of substantial economic benefit to Philadelphia, and that DRPA had not undertaken necessary economic evaluation assessing the impact at both locations. They introduced a study by economist Matityahu Marcus that challenged claimed benefits. The DRPA said that it would consider the Friends' request.^[33][34] The controversy is chronicled in the 2009 documentary The Art of the Steal.^[1][35]

In late February 2011, The Friends of the Barnes Foundation filed a petition to reopen the case. A new hearing, set for March 18, was ultimately postponed until August 3, 2011. The court ordered the foundation and the Attorney General's office, who argued in favor of the move, to explain why the case should not be reopened. The opposition group, Friends of the Barnes Foundation, says the documentary revealed that Ott did not have all the evidence in 2006, when he approved the art collection's move.^[36] Judge Ott ruled that the Friends of the Barnes Foundation had no legal standing and that there was no new information in the movie.^[37]

Notable holdings[link]

• 

  Gustave Courbet, Les Bas Blancs, (Woman with White Stockings), ca 1861

• 

  Claude Monet, Camille au métier (1875)

• 

  Claude Monet, Le Bateau-atelier (1876)

• 

  Pierre-Auguste Renoir, "Jeune garçon sur la plage d'Yport" (1883)

• 

  Henri Toulouse-Lautrec, A Montrouge – Rosa la Rouge (1886–87)

• 

  Georges Seurat, Models (Poseuses) (1886–88)

• 

  Vincent van Gogh, The Smoker (1888)

• 

  Vincent van Gogh, Still Life (1888)

• 

  Vincent van Gogh, Portrait of the Postman Joseph Roulin (1889)

• 

  Vincent Van Gogh, Thatched Cottages in the Sunshine, 1890

• 

  Paul Cézanne, Pots en terre cuite et fleurs (1891–1892)

• 

  Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Noirmoutier (1892)

• 

  Paul Gauguin, Haere Pape (1892)

• 

  Paul Cézanne, The Card Players, (1890–92)

• 

  Paul Cézanne, Valley of the Arc (1892–95)

• 

  Paul Cézanne, Nature morte au crane (1896–1898)

• 

  Paul Cézanne, Portrait of a Woman (c. 1898)

• 

  Henri Rousseau, Scout attacked by a Tiger, 1904

• Bonheur Matisse.jpg

  Henri Matisse, Le bonheur de vivre (1906)

• Matisse.mme-matisse-madras.jpg

  Henri Matisse, Madras Rouge, 1907

• Matisse Riffian.jpg

  Henri Matisse, Le Rifain assis, 1912–13

• 

  Pierre Auguste Renoir, After The Bath, 1910

• 

  Pierre Auguste Renoir, Les baigneuses, 1918

• 

  Amedeo Modigliani, Jeanne Hébuterne Sitting in Profile, (1918)

• 

  Amedeo Modigliani, Jeanne Hébuterne, (1919)

Films[link]

• Don Argott: The Art of the Steal (2009)
• Alain Jaubert: Citizen Barnes: An American Dream (1993)

See also[link]

	Philadelphia portal
	Visual arts portal

• List of sites of interest in Philadelphia
• List of museums in the United States

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Barnes Foundation

• barnesfoundation.org, the foundation's official website
• Friends of the Barnes Foundation
• Matityahu Marcus, "An Economist's Consideration of Delaware River Port Authority Funding for a Philadelphia Barnes Foundation Facility", Friends of the Barnes Foundation

Ricky Barnes
Personal information
Full name	Richard Kyle Barnes
Born	(1981-02-06) February 6, 1981 (age 31) Stockton, California
Height	6 ft 2 in (1.88 m)
Weight	200 lb (91 kg; 14 st)
Nationality	United States
Residence	Scottsdale, Arizona
Career
College	University of Arizona
Turned professional	2003
Current tour(s)	PGA Tour
Former tour(s)	Nationwide Tour
Professional wins	1
Best results in Major Championships
Masters Tournament	T10: 2010
U.S. Open	T2: 2009
The Open Championship	T44: 2010
PGA Championship	T56: 2011

Richard Kyle Barnes (born February 6, 1981) is an American professional golfer who currently plays on the PGA Tour.

Amateur career[link]

Barnes was born in Stockton, California. He played college golf at the University of Arizona. He attended Arizona from 2000 to 2003 and during that time was named the Pac-10 Freshman of the Year in 2000, Pac-10 Co-Player of the Year in 2001, second-team All-American in 2000 and 2001 and first-team All-American in 2003. In 2002 he won the 102nd U.S. Amateur, defeating Hunter Mahan 2 & 1 in the final. Barnes and Mahan would share the 2003 Ben Hogan Award and would lead the United States to victory at the 2002 Eisenhower Trophy. In 2003 he was the low amateur at The Masters, where he finished 21st after outscoring his playing partner Tiger Woods by seven shots in the opening round.

Professional career[link]

Barnes turned professional in 2003 and joined the Nationwide Tour in 2004. His best finish on tour came in the 2006 Oregon Classic where he lost to Cliff Kresge in a playoff. Barnes finished in the 25th spot on the 2008 Nationwide Tour money list which earned him his PGA Tour card for 2009.

At the 2009 U.S. Open, Barnes set the 36-hole scoring record after shooting an 8-under 132 through the first two rounds in soft, rainy conditions. Early in the 3rd round, he would become only the fourth player ever to reach double digits under par.^[1] However, Barnes suffered a collapse in the final round, shooting a 76 (+6) and placing in a tie for 2nd, two shots behind winner Lucas Glover. The runner-up finish at the U.S. Open was his only top-25 finish in 2009, but he retained his tour card for 2010 by finishing 120th.

In 2010 a string of top 10 finishes helped Barnes to comfortably keep his card, and he finished 43rd on the money list.

In January 2011, Ricky Barnes signed a contract with G/FORE, a golf company from fashion designer Mossimo Giannulli, to exclusively wear the G/FORE colored glove on the PGA Tour.

Personal life[link]

His father, Bruce Barnes, was a punter who played with the New England Patriots of the National Football League.

Amateur wins (1)[link]

• 2002 U.S. Amateur

Professional wins (1)[link]

• 2010 CVS Caremark Charity Classic (with J. B. Holmes)

Results in major championships[link]

Barnes at the 2009 U.S. Open.

LA = Low amateur
DNP = Did not play
CUT = missed the half-way cut
"T" = tied
Yellow background for top-10.

U.S. national team appearances[link]

Amateur

• Eisenhower Trophy: 2002 (winners)

See also[link]

• 2008 Nationwide Tour graduates

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• Ricky Barnes at the PGA Tour official site
• Ricky Barnes at the Official World Golf Ranking official site