Cold War 1985

How the Cold War Ended and How Fear Controls Us: Jeremy Scahill and Tom Engelhardt (2012)

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Duration: 101:17
Updated: 16 Aug 2013

The Cold War period of 1985--1991 began with the rise of Mikhail Gorbachev as leader of the Soviet Union. Gorbachev was a revolutionary leader for the USSR, ...

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How the Cold War Ended: Mikhail Gorbachev Interview on Communism, the U.S. & Reagan (1996)

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Duration: 57:27
Updated: 05 Feb 2014

Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (Russian: Михаи́л Серге́евич Горбачёв, tr. Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachyov; born 2 March 1931) is a former Soviet statesman, having served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991, and as the country's head of state from 1988 until its dissolution in 1991. He was the only general secretary in the history of the Soviet Union to have been born after the October Revolution. Alongside East Germany's Egon Krenz and Poland's Wojciech Jaruzelski, Gorbachev is one of the last surviving leaders of an Eastern Bloc state as of 2014. Gorbachev was born in Stavropol Krai into a peasant Ukrainian--Russian family, and in his teens operated combine harvesters on collective farms. He graduated from Moscow State University in 1955 with a degree in law. While he was at the university, he joined the Communist Party, and soon became very active within it. In 1970, he was appointed the First Party Secretary of the Stavropol Kraikom, First Secretary to the Supreme Soviet in 1974, and appointed a member of the Politburo in 1979. Within three years of the deaths of Soviet Leaders Leonid Brezhnev, Yuri Andropov, and Konstantin Chernenko, Gorbachev was elected General Secretary by the Politburo in 1985. Before he reached the post, he had occasionally been mentioned in western newspapers as a likely next leader and a man of the younger generation at the top level. Gorbachev's policies of openness and restructuring as well as summit conferences with United States President Ronald Reagan and his reorientation of Soviet strategic aims contributed to the end of the Cold War, removed the constitutional role of the Communist Party in governing the state, and inadvertently led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union. He was awarded the Otto Hahn Peace Medal in 1989, the Nobel Peace Prize in 1990 and the Harvey Prize in 1992 as well as Honorary Doctorates from various universities as discussed below. In September 2008, Gorbachev and business oligarch Alexander Lebedev announced they would form the Independent Democratic Party of Russia,[1] and in May 2009 Gorbachev announced that the launch was imminent.[2] This was Gorbachev's third attempt to establish a political party, having started the Social Democratic Party of Russia in 2001 and the Union of Social Democrats in 2007. Although he has credited Vladimir Putin for stabilizing Russia in the aftermath of the initial and turbulent years of the post-Soviet era, Gorbachev has become critical of both Putin and his successor (and predecessor) Dmitry Medvedev since at least March 2011.[52] His main grievances about the "tandem" are backsliding on democracy, corruption, and the dominance of security officers. Gorbachev is also dissatisfied by the fact that he has not been allowed to register his social democratic party.[53] When being interviewed by the BBC to reflect on the 20th anniversary of the August Coup, Gorbachev again announced his dissatisfaction with the policies and rule of Putin. Speaking of the status of democracy in the Russian Federation, he proclaimed: "The electoral system we had was nothing remarkable but they have literally castrated it". Gorbachev also stated that he believed that Putin should not have sought a third term as the Russian president in 2012.[54] In response to the 2011 Russian protests as a result of United Russia's controversial victory in the Russian legislative election, 2011, he called on the authorities to hold a new election, citing electoral irregularities and ballot box stuffing.[55] In a political lecture delivered to the RIA-Novosti news agency in April 2013, Gorbachev decried Putin's retreat from democracy, noting that in Russia "politics is increasingly turning into imitation democracy" with "all power in the hands of the executive branch". Gorbachev addressed Putin directly, stating that "to go further on the path of tightening the screws, having laws that limit the rights and freedoms of people, attacking the news media and organizations of civil society, is a destructive path with no future". http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorbachev

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The Last Campaign of the Cold War: The Role of the United States in Global Politics (1991)

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Duration: 90:01
Updated: 08 Mar 2014

By the time the comparatively youthful Mikhail Gorbachev became General Secretary in 1985, the Soviet economy was stagnant and faced a sharp fall in foreign currency earnings as a result of the downward slide in oil prices in the 1980s. These issues prompted Gorbachev to investigate measures to revive the ailing state. An ineffectual start led to the conclusion that deeper structural changes were necessary and in June 1987 Gorbachev announced an agenda of economic reform called perestroika, or restructuring. Perestroika relaxed the production quota system, allowed private ownership of businesses and paved the way for foreign investment. These measures were intended to redirect the country's resources from costly Cold War military commitments to more productive areas in the civilian sector. Despite initial skepticism in the West, the new Soviet leader proved to be committed to reversing the Soviet Union's deteriorating economic condition instead of continuing the arms race with the West. Partly as a way to fight off internal opposition from party cliques to his reforms, Gorbachev simultaneously introduced glasnost, or openness, which increased freedom of the press and the transparency of state institutions. Glasnost was intended to reduce the corruption at the top of the Communist Party and moderate the abuse of power in the Central Committee. Glasnost also enabled increased contact between Soviet citizens and the western world, particularly with the United States, contributing to the accelerating détente between the two nations. In response to the Kremlin's military and political concessions, Reagan agreed to renew talks on economic issues and the scaling-back of the arms race.[259] The first was held in November 1985 in Geneva, Switzerland.[259] At one stage the two men, accompanied only by an interpreter, agreed in principle to reduce each country's nuclear arsenal by 50 percent.[260] A second Reykjavík Summit was held in Iceland. Talks went well until the focus shifted to Reagan's proposed Strategic Defense Initiative, which Gorbachev wanted eliminated. Reagan refused.[261] The negotiations failed, but the third summit in 1987 led to a breakthrough with the signing of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF). The INF treaty eliminated all nuclear-armed, ground-launched ballistic and cruise missiles with ranges between 500 and 5,500 kilometers (300 to 3,400 miles) and their infrastructure.[262] East--West tensions rapidly subsided through the mid-to-late 1980s, culminating with the final summit in Moscow in 1989, when Gorbachev and George H. W. Bush signed the START I arms control treaty.[263] During the following year it became apparent to the Soviets that oil and gas subsidies, along with the cost of maintaining massive troops levels, represented a substantial economic drain.[264] In addition, the security advantage of a buffer zone was recognised as irrelevant and the Soviets officially declared that they would no longer intervene in the affairs of allied states in Central and Eastern Europe.[265] In 1989, Soviet forces withdrew from Afghanistan[266] and by 1990 Gorbachev consented to German reunification,[264] the only alternative being a Tiananmen scenario.[267] When the Berlin Wall came down, Gorbachev's "Common European Home" concept began to take shape.[268] On December 3, 1989, Gorbachev and Reagan's successor, George H. W. Bush, declared the Cold War over at the Malta Summit;[269] a year later, the two former rivals were partners in the Gulf War against Iraq.[270] By 1989, the Soviet alliance system was on the brink of collapse, and, deprived of Soviet military support, the Communist leaders of the Warsaw Pact states were losing power.[266] Grassroots organizations, such as Poland's Solidarity movement, rapidly gained ground with strong popular bases. In 1989, the Communist governments in Poland and Hungary became the first to negotiate the organizing of competitive elections. In Czechoslovakia and East Germany, mass protests unseated entrenched Communist leaders. The Communist regimes in Bulgaria and Romania also crumbled, in the latter case as the result of a violent uprising. Attitudes had changed enough that US Secretary of State James Baker suggested that the American government would not be opposed to Soviet intervention in Romania, on behalf of the opposition, to prevent bloodshed.[271] The tidal wave of change culminated with the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989, which symbolized the collapse of European Communist governments and graphically ended the Iron Curtain divide of Europe. The 1989 revolutionary wave swept across Central and Eastern Europe peacefully overthrew all the Soviet-style communist states: East Germany, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Bulgaria,[272] Romania was the only Eastern-bloc country to topple its communist regime violently and execute its head of state. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_war

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21. Summit Meetings 1985 - 1991

Order: Reorder
Duration: 9:02
Updated: 03 Jun 2013

These are the key meetings between the leaders of the USA and USSR between 1985 and 1991.

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Mikhail Gorbachev and the End of the Cold War

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Duration: 48:09
Updated: 17 Jul 2013

Joshua Sanborn, professor of history and chair of Russian and East European studies at Lafayette College, gives a lecture on the career and importance of Mik...

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СССР 1985-1991

Order: Reorder
Duration: 0:46
Updated: 01 Jan 2013

Это видео создано в редакторе слайд-шоу YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/upload.

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Cold War Submarines

Order: Reorder
Duration: 45:22
Updated: 12 Nov 2013

The Cold War, often dated from 1947 to 1991, was a sustained state of political and military tension between powers in the Western Bloc, dominated by the United States with NATO among its allies, and powers in the Eastern Bloc, dominated by the Soviet Union along with the Warsaw Pact. This began after the success of their temporary wartime alliance against Nazi Germany, leaving the USSR and the US as two superpowers with profound economic and political differences. A neutral faction arose with the Non-Aligned Movement founded by Egypt, India, and Yugoslavia; this faction rejected association with either the US-led West or the Soviet-led East. The Cold War was so named because the two major powers—each possessing nuclear weapons and thereby threatened with mutual assured destruction—never met in direct military combat. Instead, in their struggle for global influence they engaged in ongoing psychological warfare and in regular indirect confrontations through proxy wars. Cycles of relative calm would be followed by high tension, which could have led to world war. The tensest times were during the Berlin Blockade (1948--1949), the Korean War (1950--1953), the Suez Crisis (1956), the Berlin Crisis of 1961, the Cuban Missile Crisis (1962), the Vietnam War (1959--1975), the Yom Kippur War (1973), the Soviet war in Afghanistan (1979--1989), the Soviet downing of Korean Air Lines Flight 007 (1983), and the "Able Archer" NATO military exercises (1983). The conflict was expressed through military coalitions, strategic conventional force deployments, extensive aid to client states, espionage, massive propaganda campaigns, conventional and nuclear arms races, appeals to neutral nations, rivalry at sports events, and technological competitions such as the Space Race. The US and USSR became involved in political and military conflicts in the Third World countries of Latin America, Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia. To alleviate the risk of a potential nuclear war, both sides sought relief of political tensions through détente in the 1970s. In the 1980s, the United States increased diplomatic, military, and economic pressures on the Soviet Union, at a time when the communist state was already suffering from economic stagnation. In the mid-1980s, the new Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev introduced the liberalizing reforms of perestroika ("reorganization", 1987) and glasnost ("openness", ca. 1985). Pressures for national independence grew stronger in Eastern Europe, especially Poland. They reached a breaking point when Gorbachev refused to use Soviet troops to support the faltering government of East Germany in late 1989. Within weeks all the satellite states broke free from Moscow in a peaceful wave of revolutions (there was some violence in Romania). The pressures escalated inside the Soviet Union, where Communism fell and the USSR was formally dissolved in late 1991. The United States remained as the world's only superpower. The Cold War and its events have left a significant legacy, and it is often referred to in popular culture, especially in media featuring themes of espionage and the threat of nuclear warfare.

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The Soviet Union From 1985 to 1991 and its effect on America

Order: Reorder
Duration: 5:18
Updated: 05 Mar 2012

Title says it all.

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Cold War Secrets Nuclear Factories & Facilities

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Duration: 44:49
Updated: 10 Dec 2013

Secret U.S. cities were born out of the Manhattan Project and then abandoned, leaving historians to interview former citizens and search crumbling buildings to create a picture of what they were like. The Cold War, often dated from 1947 to 1991, was a sustained state of political and military tension between powers in the Western Bloc, dominated by the United States with NATO among its allies, and powers in the Eastern Bloc, dominated by the Soviet Union along with the Warsaw Pact. This began after the success of their temporary wartime alliance against Nazi Germany, leaving the USSR and the US as two superpowers with profound economic and political differences. A neutral faction arose with the Non-Aligned Movement founded by Egypt, India, and Yugoslavia; this faction rejected association with either the US-led West or the Soviet-led East. The name "Cold War" was coined by the English writer George Orwell, after the dropping of the first atomic bombs in 1945 had ushered in a new world also foreseen by H.G. Wells. It described a world where the two major powers—each possessing nuclear weapons and thereby threatened with mutually assured destruction (MAD)—never met in direct military combat. Instead, in their struggle for global influence they engaged in ongoing psychological warfare and in regular indirect confrontations through proxy wars. Cycles of relative calm would be followed by high tension, which could have led to world war. The tensest times were during the Berlin Blockade (1948--1949), the Korean War (1950--1953), the Suez Crisis (1956), the Berlin Crisis of 1961, the Cuban missile crisis (1962), the Vietnam War (1955--1975), the Yom Kippur War (1973), the Soviet war in Afghanistan (1979--1989), the Soviet downing of Korean Air Lines Flight 007 (1983), and the "Able Archer" NATO military exercises (1983). The conflict was expressed through military coalitions, strategic conventional force deployments, extensive aid to client states, espionage, massive propaganda campaigns, conventional and nuclear arms races, appeals to neutral nations, rivalry at sports events (in particular the Olympics), and technological competitions such as the Space Race. The US and USSR became involved in political and military conflicts in the Third World countries of Latin America, Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia. To alleviate the risk of a potential nuclear war, both sides sought relief of political tensions through détente in the 1970s. In the 1980s, the United States increased diplomatic, military, and economic pressures on the Soviet Union, at a time when the communist state was already suffering from economic stagnation. In the mid-1980s, the new Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev introduced the liberalizing reforms of perestroika ("reorganization", 1987) and glasnost ("openness", ca. 1985). Pressures for national independence grew stronger in Central Europe, especially Poland. They reached a breaking point when Gorbachev refused to use Soviet troops to support the faltering government of East Germany in late 1989. Within weeks all the satellite states broke free from Moscow in a peaceful wave of revolutions (with the exception of the Romanian Revolution). The pressures escalated inside the Soviet Union, where Communism fell and the USSR was formally dissolved in late 1991. The United States remained as the world's only superpower. The Cold War and its events have left a significant legacy, and it is often referred to in popular culture, especially in media featuring themes of espionage (such as the internationally successful James Bond film series) and the threat of nuclear warfare.

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20. The Cold War 1979-89.wmv

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Duration: 7:53
Updated: 05 Jun 2013

A brief overview of the end of the Cold War from the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the New Freeze under Reagan to the fall of the Berlin Wall. However, I d...

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Noam Chomsky "We Reserve the Right to Bomb the N******" (On Libya, Saudia Arabia, Israel, Palestine)

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Duration: 146:49
Updated: 28 Nov 2013

11/23/1991 Several scholars have accused the United States of conducting state terrorism. They have written about the liberal democracies and their use of state terrorism, particularly in relation to the Cold War. According to them, state terrorism was used to protect the interest of capitalist elites, and the U.S. organized a neo-colonial system of client states, co-operating with local elites to rule through terror. However, little of this work has been recognized by other scholars of terrorism or even of state terrorism. Notable works include Noam Chomsky and Edward S. Herman's The political economy of human rights (1979), Herman's The real terror network (1985), Alexander L. George' Western state terrorism (1991), Frederick Gareau's State terrorism and the United States (2004) and Doug Stokes' America's other war (2005). Of these, Chomsky and Herman are considered the foremost writers on the United States and state terrorism. The 1985 bombing of the MOVE Organization, Ruby Ridge, and the Waco siege are sometimes labeled as evidence of United States state terrorism. Beginning in the late 1970s, Chomsky and Herman wrote a series of books on the United States and state terrorism. Their writings coincided with reports by Amnesty International and other human rights organizations of a new global "epidemic" of state torture and murder. Chomsky and Herman observed that terror was concentrated in the U.S. sphere of influence in the Third World, and documented terror carried out by U.S. client states in Latin America. They observed that of ten Latin American countries that had death squads, all were U.S. client states. Worldwide they claimed that 74% of countries that used torture on an administrative basis were U.S. client states, receiving military and other support to retain power. They concluded that the global rise in state terror was a result of U.S. foreign policy. In 1991, a book edited by Alexander L. George also argued that other Western powers sponsored terror in Third World countries. It concluded that the U.S. and its allies were the main supporters of terrorism throughout the world. Gareau states that the number of deaths caused by non-state terrorism (3668 deaths between 1968 and 1980, as estimated by the CIA) is "dwarfed" by those resulting from state terrorism in U.S.-backed regimes such as Guatemala (150,000 killed, 50,000 missing in Guatemala - 93% of whom Gareau classifies as "victims of state terrorism"). Chomsky concluded that all powers backed state terrorism in client states. At the top were the U.S. and other powers, notably the United Kingdom and France, that provided financial, military and diplomatic support to Third World regimes kept in power through violence. These governments acted together with multinational corporations, particularly in the arms and security industries. In addition, other Third World countries outside the Western sphere of influence carried out state terror supported by rival powers. The involvement of major powers in state terrorism in Third World countries has led scholars to study it as a global phenomenon, rather than study individual countries in isolation. The United States legal definition of terrorism excludes acts done by recognized states. According to U.S. law (22 U.S.C. 2656f(d)(2))[10] terrorism is defined as "premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents, usually intended to influence an audience". There is no international consensus on a legal or academic definition of terrorism. United Nations conventions have failed to reach consensus on a definition of terrorism and state terrorism. According to professor Mark Selden, "American politicians and most social scientists definitionally exclude actions and policies of the United States and its allies" as terrorism. Historian Henry Commager wrote that "Even when definitions of terrorism allow for state terrorism, state actions in this area tend to be seen through the prism of war or national self-defense, not terror." According to Dr Myra Williamson "The meaning of "terrorism" has undergone a transformation. During the reign of terror a regime or system of terrorism was used as an instrument of governance, wielded by a recently established revolutionary state against the enemies of the people. Now the term "terrorism" is commonly used to describe terrorist acts committed by non-state or subnational entities against a state.

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11/1/1991 Arne Treaholt released, Kryuchkov secretly sent US$50 billion worth of KGB funds to Norway

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Duration: 1:31
Updated: 30 Aug 2013

1991 nullingen av aksjene i CBK, DnC og Fokus Bank - bankkrisen tidlig på 1990-tallet forårsaket av Arne Treholt og KGB? Treholt - fra KGB PGU til Avdeling K, til Gunvor Limited | Did Arne Treholt help Vladimir Kryuchkov (and Putin) secretly transfer US$50 billion worth of funds of the Communist Party to banks in Norway, Iceland and Monaco? In 1991, the Norwegian King single-handedly seized power in the three major banks. Allegedly, to cover up for the influx of the US$50 billion worth of KGB funds, eventually agreeing a 50/50 split with Vladimir Putin. On January 17, 1991, Harald was sworn in as King Harald V of Norway by Jozef Iwanov Benkowitz, the son of a NKVD sleeper. Arrested on 1/20/1984 and sentenced to 20 years in prison on 6/20/1985, Arne Treholt (12/13/1942) never appealed the sentence signed by the 70-year old (Alzheimer's prone) Astri Sverdrup Rynning (5/10/1915). Treholt was released on November 1, 1991, following the 12/12/1990 dissolution of the Soviet Union. Treholt was given a key role in the 12/3/1991 transformation of the KGB First Chief Directorate (est. 1922 by Capt. Viskun Quisling in Moscow). On 7/3/1992 Arne Treholt received a full pardon from the King of Norway, and a compensation of NOK 6 million (payable via SND by Tore Tonne). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arne_Treholt According to Sergei Tretyakov, Kryuchkov secretly sent US$50 billion worth of funds of the Communist Party to an unknown location in the lead up to the collapse of the Soviet Union.[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Kryuchkov First Chief Directorate Vladimir Kryuchkov 1st Chief Directorate of KGB 1974 -- 1988 Leonid Shebarshin 1st Chief Directorate of KGB 1988 -- 1991 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Chief_Directorate KGB SSSR Комитет государственной безопасности КГБ СССР Formed March 13, 1954; 59 years ago Preceding agencies Ministry of Internal Affairs Ministry for State Security Dissolved 6 November 1991 (de facto) 3 December 1991 (de jure) Agency executive Vladimir Kryuchkov (last), Chairman of KGB http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KGB Clair Elroy George (August 3, 1930 -- August 11, 2011) was a veteran of the Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA) clandestine service who oversaw all global espionage activities for the agency in the mid-1980s. In September 1991, George was indicted on 9 counts, including making false statements to Congress. After the first court case ended in a mistrial, a federal jury at a second trial found guilt in December 1992 over two charges, but George was never convicted. He died in Bethesda at age 81 of cardiac arrest. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clair_George Ruse: Undercover with FBI Counterintelligence Hardcover by Robert Eringer (Author) I have a hard time not liking anyone who refers to Vladimir Kryuchkov as "Uncle Vlad"--wry, irreverent and metaphorically accurate. http://www.amazon.com/Ruse-Undercover-Counterintelligence-Robert-Eringer/dp/1597971898 Kryuchkov, and his sidekick Prelin, forecast that an "unknown name" would succeed Yeltsin as President and that the KGB-in-Exile would rally and return to power. Not long after, ex-KGB officer Vladimir Putin emerged from obscurity, and has long since solidified his rule with the support of his former KGB colleagues and his current intelligence services, the FSB, SVR, and GRU. Kryuchkov attended Putin's inauguration, and Putin, during his first year as president, attended Kryuchkov's birthday party. http://www.roberteringer.com/news.htm Astri Sverdrup Rynning (født 10. mai 1915 i Sandefjord, død 17. november 2006) var en norsk dommer og politiker (H). Hun ble cand. jur. i 1940 og arbeidet deretter som advokatfullmektig i Larvik og dommerfullmektig i Solør. Hun arbeidet i Justisdepartementet fra 1945, hvor hun fra 1956 var byråsjef. I 1963 ble hun byrettsdommer i Oslo byrett, hvor ble frem til hum ble lagdommer i Eidsivating lagmannsrett i 1969. I 1978 ble hun lagmann og førstelagmann fra 1980 frem til nådd aldersgrense i 1985. Hun fortsatte som ekstraordinær lagdommer frem til fylte 75 år. Hun ble landskjent i 1985 da hun administrerte spionsaken mot Arne Treholt. Hun var også dommer i Lillehammer-saken i 1974 og i saken Henki Hauge Karlsen anla for urettmessig avskjedigelse. Rynning var tidlig politisk interessert og mens hun var russ i 1934 skulket hun skolen for å høre på et foredrag C.J. Hambro, som var en bekjent av familien, holdt i Stavern. Hun fast som vararepresentant fra 1965 til 1969 mens Kåre Willoch var handelsminister; hun var da medlem av justiskomiteen. Han var forkvinne i Norske Kvinners Nasjonalråd 1959--1968, forkvinne i Kvinners Frivillige Beredskap og i Norske kvinnelige juristers forening 1952--1956. Fra 1978 til 1985 var hun forkvinne i Den norske Dommerforening. I 1984 ble hun utnevnt til kommandør av St. Olavs Orden for embedsfortjeneste og samfunnsnyttig virke. http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astri_Rynning

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冷戰風雲錄 Perspectives-Cold War -#3 馬歇爾計劃 Marshall Plan

Order: Reorder
Duration: 46:25
Updated: 18 Mar 2014

冷戰（英語：Cold War，俄語：Холодная Война）是指美國和蘇聯及他們的盟友在1945年至1990年代間在政治和外交上的對抗、衝突和競爭。由於第二次世界大戰剛結束，在這段時期，雖然分歧和衝突嚴重，但對抗雙方都盡力避免導致世界範圍的大規模戰爭（世界大戰）爆發，其對抗通常通過局部代理人戰爭、科技和軍備競賽、外交競爭等「冷」方式進行，即「相互遏制，卻又不訴諸武力」，因此稱之為「冷戰」。美國的盟友是西歐、加拿大、日本、澳大利亞等，而蘇聯的盟友是東歐國家和中華人民共和國(直到中蘇分裂) 、越南、蒙古人民共和國等。這個詞起源於1947年4月16日伯納德·巴魯克在南卡羅來納州哥倫比亞的一次演説。此外，1946年邱吉爾訪問美國，在這次訪問中他發表了著名的鐵幕演說：「從波羅的海邊的甚切青到亞得里亞海邊的的里雅斯特，一幅橫貫歐洲大陸的鐵幕已經拉下」。間接表示冷戰的開始。恐怖平衡這場全面的「東方對西方」的戰爭並未真正爆發，最大的原因是由於雙方都擁有大量的核子武器，一旦直接衝突可能導致全人類毀滅，因此雙方都盡力避免發生全面的「熱」戰（請見相互保證毀滅），實際上只是在經濟、哲學、文化、社會和政治立場方面產生嚴重對立：西方指責東方不民主、極權主義、極權鐵幕和*censored*專制，企圖將民主國家納入極權專制的統治，而東方則批評西方是中產階級資本主義、帝國主義、剝削勞工。特徵柏林圍牆冷戰從第二次世界大戰結束開始，隨著八十年代蘇聯的經濟危機，和戈巴契夫（戈巴卓夫）的民主改革，促成*censored*國家倒臺，到1990年代初蘇聯解體冷戰正式結束。中國國共內戰、朝鮮戰爭、中東戰爭、越南戰爭、阿富汗戰爭(1979年)和兩伊戰爭是幾個東西方國家發生區域衝突的例子，但是大多數時候只是雙方代理人之間的衝突，在這些衝突中，主要強國祇是通過資金和武器援助各自支持的國家或組織。這麼做就減少了兩大陣營衝突的緊張性。美國與蘇聯競爭的一個主要領域就是科學技術，此外還包括了十分隱蔽的間諜戰，和雙方的政治宣傳戰。雖然雙方的諜報系統經常採取秘密的暗殺行動，但是由於核武器的威懾，兩陣營一直沒有發生全面衝突。當然在當時，人們並不清楚，一個地區性的小規模衝突是否有可能引發核戰爭，有鑑於此，每一次的衝突都會引發人們極高的關注。這種緊張態勢幾乎像真正的戰爭那樣改變了全世界所有人的生活。德國可以算是冷戰中最主要的爭端焦點，特別是柏林。柏林圍牆很可能是冷戰最生動的標誌。這堵牆分隔了東柏林（屬於東德）與西柏林（屬於西德），使西柏林孤立於東德內。冷戰歷史: 1947--1953 1953--1962 1962--1979 1979--1985 1985--1991 ※Part 3: Marshall Plan EPISODE THREE: The Marshall Plan (1947-1952) Original Airdate: October 11, 1998 ※本系列影片將以繁體中文字幕放送。 ※本系列影片適合用作教學用途，本集將以詳盡的資料與過去的國家領導人物的對話等分析整個歐洲經濟援助計劃，與所伴隨著的問題。

http://wn.com/冷戰風雲錄_Perspectives-Cold_War_-_3_馬歇爾計劃_Marshall_Plan

Russia's Subterranean World of Cold War Secrets

Order: Reorder
Duration: 44:49
Updated: 12 Feb 2014

Deep within the former Soviet Union lays a classified, subterranean world of Cold War secrets. The two superpowers never engaged directly in full-scale armed combat but they each armed heavily in preparation of an all-out nuclear World War III. Each side had a nuclear deterrent that deterred an attack by the other side, on the basis that such an attack would lead to total the destruction of the attacker - the doctrine of mutually assured destruction or MAD. Aside from the development of the two sides' nuclear arsenals, and deployment of conventional military forces, the struggle for dominance was expressed via proxy wars around the globe, psychological warfare, propaganda and espionage, and technological competitions such as the Space Race. The first phase of the Cold War began in the aftermath of the end of the Second World War. The USSR consolidated its control over the states of the Eastern Bloc while the United States began a strategy of global containment to challenge Soviet power, extending military and financial aid to the countries of Western Europe (for example, supporting the anti-Communist side in the Greek Civil War) and creating the NATO alliance. The Berlin Blockade (1948-1949) was the first major crisis of the Cold War. With victory of the Communist side in the Chinese Civil War and the outbreak of the Korean War (1950-1953), the conflict expanded as the USSR and USA competed for influence in Latin America and decolonizing states of Africa, the Middle East and Southeast Asia. Meanwhile the The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 was brutally crushed by the Soviets. The expansion and escalation sparked more crises, such as the Suez Crisis (1956), the Berlin Crisis of 1961, the Cuban missile crisis of 1962. Following this last crisis a new phase began that saw the Sino-Soviet split complicate relations within the Communist sphere while US allies, particularly France, demonstrated greater independence of action. The USSR crushed the 1968 Prague Spring liberalization program in Czechoslovakia and the Vietnam War (1955--1975) ended with a defeat of the US-backed Republic of South Vietnam, prompting further adjustments. By the 1970s both sides had become interested in accommodations to create a more stable and predictable international system, inaugurating a period of détente that saw Strategic Arms Limitation Talks and the US opening relations with the People's Republic of China as a strategic counterweight to the Soviet Union. Détente collapsed at the end of the decade with the Soviet war in Afghanistan beginning in 1979. The early 1980s were another period of elevated tension, with the Soviet downing of Korean Air Lines Flight 007 (1983), and the "Able Archer" NATO military exercises (1983). The United States increased diplomatic, military, and economic pressures on the Soviet Union, at a time when the communist state was already suffering from economic stagnation. In the mid-1980s, the new Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev introduced the liberalizing reforms of perestroika ("reorganization", 1987) and glasnost ("openness", ca. 1985) and ended Soviet involvement in Afghanistan. Pressures for national independence grew stronger in Eastern Europe, especially Poland. Gorbachev meanwhile refused to use Soviet troops to bolster the faltering Warsaw Pact regimes as had occurred in the past. The result in 1989 was a wave of revolutions that peacefully (with the exception of the Romanian Revolution) overthrew all of the Communist regimes of Central and Eastern Europe. The Communist Party of the Soviet Union itself lost control and was banned following an an abortive coup attempt in August 1991. This in turn led to the the formal dissolution of the USSR in December 1991 and the collapse of Communist regimes in other countries such as Mongolia, Cambodia and South Yemen. The United States remained as the world's only superpower. The Cold War and its events have left a significant legacy, and it is often referred to in popular culture, especially in media featuring themes of espionage (such as the internationally successful James Bond film series) and the threat of nuclear warfare.

http://wn.com/Russia's_Subterranean_World_of_Cold_War_Secrets

A SPLIT SECOND - COLD WAR IN THE BRAINBOX (COLOSSEUM MIX) - 1991

Order: Reorder
Duration: 4:22
Updated: 04 Oct 2012

MUSICA.

http://wn.com/A_SPLIT_SECOND_COLD_WAR_IN_THE_BRAINBOX_COLOSSEUM_MIX_1991

Diedrop - Take My Hand

Order: Reorder
Duration: 3:21
Updated: 12 Aug 2011

Diedrop is Brian idle Diederich and Mark Waldrop. Recorded in 1986 "Gloomy gothic punk...pounding rythms... tape" - Factsheet Five #29 Rocorded by idle edsel...

http://wn.com/Diedrop_Take_My_Hand

Soviet October Revolution Parade, 1985 Парад 7 Ноября

Order: Reorder
Duration: 85:56
Updated: 17 Aug 2013

This is the parade in Moscow's Red Square, devoted to the 68th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution, 7 November 1985. This year would see th...

http://wn.com/Soviet_October_Revolution_Parade,_1985_Парад_7_Ноября

cold war short

Order: Reorder
Duration: 1:37
Updated: 24 Jun 2013

cold war 1946-1991--this was made on true events and NOT to affend Russia nor the communists.

http://wn.com/cold_war_short

Radioactive Contaminated Turtles 1991 Savannah River DOE Site

Order: Reorder
Duration: 0:51
Updated: 31 Dec 2012

At the Savannah River Department of Energy site near Aiken, South Carolina, USA, a 300-square-mile complex of streams, ponds, nuclear reactors, reprocessing ...

http://wn.com/Radioactive_Contaminated_Turtles_1991_Savannah_River_DOE_Site

ARMA: CWA 1985 part 02: Enemy Unknown

Order: Reorder
Duration: 29:31
Updated: 23 Mar 2013

The island of Everon mysteriously loses communication with the outside world. We go and find out what happened. Armed Assault: Cold War Assault (aka Operatio...

http://wn.com/ARMA_CWA_1985_part_02_Enemy_Unknown

11/1/1991 Arne Treaholt released, Kryuchkov secretly sent US$50 billion worth of KGB funds to Norway

Order: Reorder
Duration: 0:58
Updated: 17 Mar 2014

20/12-1991: H.M. Kong Haralds "nulling" av aksjene i CBK, DnC og Fokus Bank skulle hindre aksjeeiernes innsyn i bankenes forhold til (og Kongens utbytte ved) tvangsoppløsningen av SovjetunionenKGB -- den såkalte "bankkrisen" tidlig på 1990-tallet forårsaket av Jens Chr. Hauge, Arne Treholt, Putin og KGB!? Treholt - fra KGBs PGU til Avdeling K, til Gunvor Limited | Why did Harald V and Arne Treholt help Vladimir Kryuchkov & Vladimir Putin secretly transfer US$50 billion worth of Soviet Communist Party funds to banks in Norway, Iceland and Monaco? On December 20, 1991, Harald of Norway single-handedly seized power in the three major banks. Allegedly, to cover up for the influx of the US$50 billion worth of KGB funds, eventually agreeing a 50/50 split with Vladimir Putin. On January 17, 1991, Harald was sworn in as King Harald V of Norway by Jozef Ivanov Benkowitz, the son of a NKVD sleeper. On 23 June 1991, Harald (Quisling's «barnekonge» in 1940) was "crowned" as King of Norway by his own "domprost-haugianer" Finn Wagle. On 26 December 1991, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), and the KGB formally ceased to exist. Arrested on 1/20/1984, sentenced to 20 years in prison on 6/20/1985, Arne Treholt (12/13/1942) never appealed the sentence (never) signed by the 70-year old (Alzheimer's) Astri Sverdrup Rynning (5/10/1915). Treholt was released on 11/1/1991, prior to the 12/12/1991 dissolution of USSR. Treholt was given a key role in the 12/3/1991 transformation of KGB First Chief Directorate (est. on February 6, 1922 by Capt. Vidkun Quisling in Moscow). On 7/3/1992 Arne Treholt received a full pardon from the King, and a compensation of NOK 6 million (paid by Tore Tonne via SND). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arne_Treholt According to Sergei Tretyakov, Kryuchkov secretly sent US$50 billion worth of funds of the Communist Party to an unknown location in the lead up to the collapse of the Soviet Union. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Kryuchkov First Chief Directorate Vladimir Kryuchkov 1st Chief Directorate of KGB 1974 -- 1988 Leonid Shebarshin 1st Chief Directorate of KGB 1988 -- 1991 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Chief_Directorate KGB SSSR Комитет государственной безопасности КГБ СССР Formed March 13, 1954; Preceding agencies Ministry of Internal Affairs Ministry for State Security Dissolved 6 November 1991 (de facto) 3 December 1991 (de jure) Agency executive Vladimir Kryuchkov (last), Chairman of KGB http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KGB Clair Elroy George (August 3, 1930 -- August 11, 2011) was a veteran of the Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA) clandestine service who oversaw all global espionage activities for the agency in the mid-1980s. In September 1991, George was indicted on 9 counts, including making false statements to Congress. He died in Bethesda at age 81 of cardiac arrest. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clair_George Ruse: Undercover with FBI Counterintelligence Hardcover by Robert Eringer (Author) I have a hard time not liking anyone who refers to Vladimir Kryuchkov as "Uncle Vlad"--wry, irreverent and metaphorically accurate. http://www.amazon.com/Ruse-Undercover-Counterintelligence-Robert-Eringer/dp/1597971898 Kryuchkov, and his sidekick Prelin, forecast that an "unknown name" would succeed Yeltsin as President and that the KGB-in-Exile would rally and return to power. Not long after, ex-KGB officer Vladimir Putin emerged from obscurity, and has long since solidified his rule with the support of his former KGB colleagues and his current intelligence services, the FSB, SVR, and GRU. Kryuchkov attended Putin's inauguration, and Putin, during his first year as president, attended Kryuchkov's birthday party. http://www.roberteringer.com/news.htm Astri Sverdrup Rynning (f. 10. mai 1915 i Sandefjord, død 17. november 2006) dommer og politiker (H) cand. jur. i 1940. Hun arbeidet i Justisdepartementet (hos Jens Chr. Hauge) fra 1945, hvor hun fra 1956 var byråsjef. I 1963 ble hun byrettsdommer i Oslo byrett, hvor ble frem til hum ble lagdommer i Eidsivating lagmannsrett i 1969. I 1978 ble hun lagmann og førstelagmann fra 1980 frem til nådd aldersgrense i 1985. Hun fortsatte som ekstraordinær lagdommer frem til fylte 75 år. Hun ble landskjent i 1985 da hun administrerte spionsaken mot Arne Treholt. Hun var også dommer i Lillehammer-saken i 1974 og i saken Henki Hauge Karlsen anla for urettmessig avskjedigelse. Rynning var tidlig politisk interessert, C.J. Hambro var en bekjent av familien. Hun var forkvinne i Norske Kvinners Nasjonalråd 1959--1968, forkvinne i Kvinners Frivillige Beredskap og i Norske kvinnelige juristers forening 1952--1956. Fra 1978 til 1985 var hun forkvinne i Den norske Dommerforening. http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astri_Rynning FAIR USE Владимир Крючков piket lv Published on Jan 23, 2013 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QIlHkYNEhXc

http://wn.com/11_1_1991_Arne_Treaholt_released,_Kryuchkov_secretly_sent_US50_billion_worth_of_KGB_funds_to_Norway

Soviet Union/Советский Союз 1955-1991.

Order: Reorder
Duration: 7:18
Updated: 17 May 2013

The long period of Brezhnev's rule had come to be dubbed one of "standstill" , with an aging and ossified top political leadership.After some experimentation...

http://wn.com/Soviet_Union_Советский_Союз_1955-1991

Inside Politics: A new Cold War?

Order: Reorder
Duration: 3:01
Updated: 29 Mar 2014

John King, Julianna Goldman and Peter Hamby discuss Hillary Clinton's comments on US-Russia relations. Old wounds appear to be opening between Russia and the US over Moscow's decision to grant asylum to Edward Snowden. The recent crisis in Ukraine has been the leading international event recently and has dominated the news cycle. New Republic Senior Editor Julia Ioffe, amon. CrossTalk: New Cold War? videos.. Please click here to subscribe to my channel.. Economic collapse and financial crisis is rising any moment. Getting informe. 08/04/2008 - Edward Lucas, the Central and Eastern Europe correspondent for The Economist, talks about Russia's increasing military muscle, its use of energy. 18/10/2007 - A year after Anna Politkovskaya's murder and the beginning of the Litvinenko affair and with just five months to go before presidential election. The Cold War, often dated from 1947 to 1991, was a sustained state of political and military tension between powers in the Western Bloc, dominated by the Uni. For nearly 97% of Crimeans, there's no going back. Russian speakers have been celebrating a yes vote in a referendum that paves the way for a reunification. Will Carr reports from Los Alamos, New Mexico. By the time the comparatively youthful Mikhail Gorbachev became General Secretary in 1985, the Soviet economy was stagnant and faced a sharp fall in foreign . Inside on cold war between C Ramachandra Reddy and Jogu Ramanna. Speaker: Professor Sir Adam Roberts Chair: Professor Mary Kaldor This event was recorded on 16 November 2009 in Sheikh Zayed Theatre, New Academic Building W. Produced by SrA Drew Buchanan. medicare part d, alcohol withdrawal, medicare advantage, divorce lawyers, medicare part d, alcohol withdrawal, medicare advantage, divorce lawyers, medicare . Professor John McNeill is an eminent environmental historian, academic, and president-elect of the American Society for Environmental History. He is author o. Secret U.S. cities were born out of the Manhattan Project and then abandoned, leaving historians to interview former citizens and search crumbling buildings . Feb. 24 (Bloomberg) -- In the wake of the Edward Snowden NSA revelations, Swiss entrepreneurs are trying to capitalize on their country's reputation for secr. Only a week after the Pentagon unveiled deep cuts dictated by the sequester, Guggenheim Partners analyst Chris Krueger says Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel . For nearly 97% of Crimeans, there's no going back. Russian speakers have been celebrating a yes vote in a referendum that paves the way for a reunification. Wilkerson on Cheney Pt.3: Cheney wanted to use downing of a US plane as excuse to start a new cold war. The Big Picture: Who, What, When, Where & (Especially) Why In 1945, the United States and Soviet Union were allies, jointly triumphant in World War II, which. Bette Midler tells CNN's Piers Morgan why she's excited to be singing at the Academy Awards for the first time. More from CNN at To licen. Bette Midler tells. KGB Operations in North America | Cold War Documentary on the History of the Soviet Secret Service Follow me Inside the KGB: Secrets of the Cold War - Histor. Are we witnessing a New Cold War, pitting the West against Russia? How does the West's foreign policy apply to Ukraine and the post-Soviet space in general?.

http://wn.com/Inside_Politics_A_new_Cold_War?