Mawlamyine (also spelled Mawlamyaing; Burmese: မော်လမြိုင်မြို့; MLCTS: mau la. mruing mrui.; pronounced: [mɔ̀ləmjàiɴ mjo̰]; Mon: မတ်ပလီု pronounced [mòt pəlɜ̀m]; formerly Moulmein) is the third largest city of Burma (Myanmar), situated 300 km south east of Yangon and 70 km south of Thaton, at the mouth of Thanlwin (Salween) river. The city of 500,000 is the capital and largest city of Mon State, Myanmar, and is the main trading center and seaport in south-eastern Burma.

The Mon name for Mawlamyine, မတ်ပလိုံ ([mòt pəlɜ̀m]), means "damaged eye.". A Mon king was said to have lost his powerful eye in Mawlamyine.^{[citation needed]} The Burmese name "Mawlamyine" is believed to be a Burmese corruption of the Mon name.

Mawlamyine was the first capital of British Burma between 1826 and 1852 after the Tanintharyi (Tenassarim) coast, along with Arakan, was ceded to Britain under the Treaty of Yandabo at the end of the First Anglo-Burmese War.

It is probably best known to English speakers through the opening lines of Rudyard Kipling's poem Mandalay: