Fred Chaney

Frederick Michael "Fred" Chaney, AO (born 28 October 1941) is a former Deputy Leader of the Liberal Party of Australia who, until April 2007, held the position of deputy chairman of the Australian Native Title Tribunal and is Chair of Desert Knowledge Australia and on the Board of Directors of Reconciliation Australia.

Chaney was born in Perth, Western Australia and educated at the University of Western Australia. He practised law and was admitted as a barrister and solicitor in Western Australia in 1963, and in Papua New Guinea in 1964.

He entered Federal Parliament as a Senator for Western Australia for the Liberal Party at the 1974 election on 18 May 1974 (his term was deemed to have begun on 1 July 1973 under the provisions of the Constitution). He was Leader of the Opposition in the Senate from 1983 until 1990 when he became the Member for Pearce in the House of Representatives, a position he held until 1993. Although still a Senator at the time, Chaney was also Parliamentary Deputy Leader of the Liberal Party from May 1989 to April 1990.

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Australian of the Year

The Australian of the Year is an award conferred on an Australian citizen by the National Australia Day Council, a not-for-profit Australian Government–owned social enterprise.

Since 1960 the award for the Australian of the Year has been awarded as part of the celebrations surrounding Australia Day (26 January), during which time it has grown steadily in significance to become one of the nation's pre-eminent awards. The Australian of the Year announcement has become a notable part of the annual Australia Day celebrations. The official announcement has grown to become a public event, and the Canberra ceremony is televised and watched by thousands. The award offers an insight into Australian identity, reflecting the nation's evolving relationship with world, the role of sport in Australian culture, the impact of multiculturalism, and the special status of Australia's Indigenous people. It has also provoked spirited debate about the fields of endeavour that are most worthy of public recognition.

Aboriginal title

Aboriginal title is a common law doctrine that the land rights of indigenous peoples to customary tenure persist after the assumption of sovereignty under settler colonialism. The requirements of proof for the recognition of aboriginal title, the content of aboriginal title, the methods of extinguishing aboriginal title, and the availability of compensation in the case of extinguishment vary significantly by jurisdiction. Nearly all jurisdictions are in agreement that aboriginal title is inalienable, except to the national government, and that it may be held either individually or collectively.

Aboriginal title was first acknowledged in the early 19th century, in decisions in which indigenous peoples were not a party. Significant aboriginal title litigation resulting in victories for indigenous peoples did not arise until recent decades. The majority of court cases have been litigated in Australia, Canada, Malaysia, New Zealand, and the United States. Aboriginal title is an important area of comparative law, with many cases being cited as persuasive authority across jurisdictions. Many commentators believe that the doctrine is applicable in all common law legal systems.