- published: 12 May 2016
- views: 284773
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Chloroplast
Chloroplasts /ˈklɔːrəˌplæsts, plɑːsts/ are organelles, specialized subunits, in plant and algal cells. Their discovery inside plant cells is usually credited to Julius von Sachs (1832–1897), an influential botanist and author of standard botanical textbooks – sometimes called "The Father of Plant Physiology".
Chloroplasts' main role is to conduct photosynthesis, where the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll captures the energy from sunlight and converts it and stores it in the energy-storage molecules ATP and NADPH while freeing oxygen from water. They then use the ATP and NADPH to make organic molecules from carbon dioxide in a process known as the Calvin cycle. Chloroplasts carry out a number of other functions, including fatty acid synthesis, much amino acid synthesis, and the immune response in plants. The number of chloroplasts per cell varies from 1 in algae up to 100 in plants like Arabidopsis and wheat.
A chloroplast is one of three types of plastids, characterized by its high concentration of chlorophyll, the other two types, the leucoplast and the chromoplast, contain little chlorophyll and do not carry out photosynthesis.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Chloroplast
Podcasts:
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The Chloroplast
In this video Paul Andersen explains how the chloroplast in plants harnesses power from the Sun to form high energy molecules like glucose. The structure of a chloroplast as well as a brief discussion of the light reaction and Calvin cycle are included. Do you speak another language? Help me translate my videos: http://www.bozemanscience.com/translations/ Music Attribution Intro Title: I4dsong_loop_main.wav Artist: CosmicD Link to sound: http://www.freesound.org/people/CosmicD/sounds/72556/ Creative Commons Atribution License Outro Title: String Theory Artist: Herman Jolly http://sunsetvalley.bandcamp.com/track/string-theory All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing: Abrget47j. (2013). Eesti: Tamme-Lauri Tamm suvel. Retrieved from https://co...
published: 12 May 2016 -
Chloroplasts - Structure
published: 04 Feb 2015 -
A Level Biology Revision "Chloroplasts"
You can find all my A Level Biology videos fully indexed at https://www.freesciencelessons.co.uk/a-level-revision-videos/a-level-biology/ In this video, we look at the structure and function of chloroplasts. First we look at the two stages in photosynthesis. These are called the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions. We then explore the structure of chloroplasts and how these structures are linked to the function of chloroplasts. This video is aimed at the UK A Level Biology specifications. Students studying International A Level Biology will need to check their specification.
published: 11 Jun 2023 -
Chloroplast Structure and Function | Botany | Cell Biology
In this video, we are going to go over the structure and function of the chloroplast.
published: 28 Feb 2021 -
Chloroplasts-Definition-Function-Structure
In this video, I would like to talk about chloroplasts Chloroplasts are green organelles found in plants and some protists like the Euglena and are the site of photosynthesis. They help these organisms by converting sunlight into chemical energy. Take a look at these chloroplasts moving inside this plant cell. Chloroplasts are important to cells because they are the sight of photosynthesis. Chloroplasts get green color from chlroplhyll which helps change sunlight to chemical energy. A chloroplast takes carbon dioxide and water add sunlight and makes sugar and oxygen which is released. Let's end with a chloroplast song. Let's get started with the photoynthetic The sun hits the chloroplasts,remember them? Stuffed with chlorophyl now let's talk about them. We owe it all to the mean green pi...
published: 28 Sep 2016 -
Mitochondria vs Chloroplast | 3 major differences [and 2 similarities]
Get the Free Guide - https://www.2minuteclassroom.com/5-test-tips-pdf ---DIVE IN--- Follow me on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2.minute.classroom/ Get Involved with the 2 Minute Classroom Community: https://bit.ly/2QvgbYy Find more at https://www.2minuteclassroom.com ---MY GEAR--- Blue Yeti Microphone: https://amzn.to/2Q6PoCc Blue Yeti Microphone kit: https://amzn.to/2Q1lM9o GTX Graphics Card: https://amzn.to/2Pcygpp Animation Software: https://www.videoscribe.co/en/ DISCLAIMER: This video and description contain affiliate links, which means that if you click on some of the product links, I’ll receive a small commission. This helps support the channel and allows us to continue to make videos like this. Thank you for your support! ---TRANSCRIPT--- Thanks for stopping by. Th...
published: 02 Sep 2022 -
Travel Deep Inside a Leaf - Annotated Version | California Academy of Sciences
Please turn on subtitles with the CC (Closed Captions) button to see the explanatory annotations designed for educators. Transcript of closed captions: 0:05: We are approaching a redwood tree. To animate a scientifically accurate leaf, artists studied the texture of a redwood leaf specimen on a glass slide at high resolution. They even counted the stomata, and used that exact count for this film! 0:25: These leaves would be measured on a centimeter scale. Throughout the animation, we will gradually zoom in to smaller scales. 0:40: As we approach a single stoma, we are now on a millimeter scale. 0:48: As we enter the interior of the leaf, we see many individual palisade cells. These cells are where photosynthesis takes place; they are translucent to allow sunlight to enter. 1:00: A...
published: 03 Jan 2017 -
A2 Biology - Chloroplast structure (OCR A Chapter 17.3)
Before looking at the process of photosynthesis, you need to be aware of the structure of the chloroplast. Same as mitochondria, chloroplasts used to be a type of bacteria (cyanobacteria) that got engulfed by early cells and they share a symbiotic relationship, and the bacteria eventually got passed on as part of the cell, leading to the chloroplasts now found in plant cells. Pay special attention to the thylakoid membrane and stroma, as they are the sites of the two stages of photosynthesis. Please subscribe for more content and comment below to let me know what you think! :) Facebook: BioRach - A-level Biology Online https://www.facebook.com/biorachproject/ Twitter: @BioRachProject https://twitter.com/BioRachProject?lang=zh-tw Background music: "Clouds" by Huma-Huma
published: 28 Mar 2018 -
Photosynthesis (UPDATED)
Explore one of the most fascinating processes plants can do: photosynthesis! In this Amoeba Sisters updated photosynthesis video, you will find a general overview of the light dependent and light independent reactions (Calvin Cycle) and how they work together to ultimately produce glucose. This video also compares the photosynthesis equation to the equation in cellular respiration. Still prefer the old video? It's here: https://youtu.be/uixA8ZXx0KU This video or the original (old) photosynthesis video can be used with our "Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration" handout on https://www.amoebasisters.com/handouts and our photosynthesis Unlectured series topic https://www.amoebasisters.com/unlectured Video has been dubbed using an artificial voice via https://aloud.area120.google.com to in...
published: 14 Jul 2021 -
Chloroplasts
In this video Dr Rebecca LeBard outlines the organelles called chloroplasts, which carry out photosynthesis.
published: 14 Feb 2019
developed with YouTube
5:37
The Chloroplast
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:37
- Uploaded Date: 12 May 2016
- views: 284773
In this video Paul Andersen explains how the chloroplast in plants harnesses power from the Sun to form high energy molecules like glucose. The structure of a ...
In this video Paul Andersen explains how the chloroplast in plants harnesses power from the Sun to form high energy molecules like glucose. The structure of a chloroplast as well as a brief discussion of the light reaction and Calvin cycle are included.
Do you speak another language? Help me translate my videos:
http://www.bozemanscience.com/translations/
Music Attribution
Intro
Title: I4dsong_loop_main.wav
Artist: CosmicD
Link to sound: http://www.freesound.org/people/CosmicD/sounds/72556/
Creative Commons Atribution License
Outro
Title: String Theory
Artist: Herman Jolly
http://sunsetvalley.bandcamp.com/track/string-theory
All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing:
Abrget47j. (2013). Eesti: Tamme-Lauri Tamm suvel. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tamme-Lauri_Tamm_suvel.jpg
Clipart - Glowing Light Bulb. (n.d.). Retrieved May 6, 2016, from https://openclipart.org/detail/69163/glowing-light-bulb
Fasaxc. (2010). English: Photo of a poinsettia leaf, backlit by the Sun. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Backlit_green_poinsettia_leaf.jpg
Fischer, C. (2014). English: Bloom of cyanobacteria in a freshwater pond. This accumulation in one corner of the pond was caused by wind drift. It looked as if someone had dumped a bucket color into the water. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cyanobacteria_Aggregation2.jpg
Kelvinsong. (2013a). English: Comparison between a chloroplast and a cyanobacterium. Lines aligned to a 690 × 260 px grid, Librsvg bugs begin below about 515 × 195 px. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chloroplast-cyanobacterium_comparison.svg
Kelvinsong. (2013b). English: New version of File:Chloroplast (standalone version)-en.svg, reworked for æsthetics and scientific accuracy. Editable text in on an invisible layer in the SVG. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chloroplast_II.svg
Kelvinsong. (2013c). English: When chloroplasts are exposed to direct sunlight, they stack in columns along the anticlinal cell walls to avoid exposure. In the dark they spread out in sheets along the periclinal walls to maximize light absorption. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chloroplast_movement.svg
https://wn.com/The_Chloroplast
In this video Paul Andersen explains how the chloroplast in plants harnesses power from the Sun to form high energy molecules like glucose. The structure of a chloroplast as well as a brief discussion of the light reaction and Calvin cycle are included.
Do you speak another language? Help me translate my videos:
http://www.bozemanscience.com/translations/
Music Attribution
Intro
Title: I4dsong_loop_main.wav
Artist: CosmicD
Link to sound: http://www.freesound.org/people/CosmicD/sounds/72556/
Creative Commons Atribution License
Outro
Title: String Theory
Artist: Herman Jolly
http://sunsetvalley.bandcamp.com/track/string-theory
All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing:
Abrget47j. (2013). Eesti: Tamme-Lauri Tamm suvel. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tamme-Lauri_Tamm_suvel.jpg
Clipart - Glowing Light Bulb. (n.d.). Retrieved May 6, 2016, from https://openclipart.org/detail/69163/glowing-light-bulb
Fasaxc. (2010). English: Photo of a poinsettia leaf, backlit by the Sun. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Backlit_green_poinsettia_leaf.jpg
Fischer, C. (2014). English: Bloom of cyanobacteria in a freshwater pond. This accumulation in one corner of the pond was caused by wind drift. It looked as if someone had dumped a bucket color into the water. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cyanobacteria_Aggregation2.jpg
Kelvinsong. (2013a). English: Comparison between a chloroplast and a cyanobacterium. Lines aligned to a 690 × 260 px grid, Librsvg bugs begin below about 515 × 195 px. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chloroplast-cyanobacterium_comparison.svg
Kelvinsong. (2013b). English: New version of File:Chloroplast (standalone version)-en.svg, reworked for æsthetics and scientific accuracy. Editable text in on an invisible layer in the SVG. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chloroplast_II.svg
Kelvinsong. (2013c). English: When chloroplasts are exposed to direct sunlight, they stack in columns along the anticlinal cell walls to avoid exposure. In the dark they spread out in sheets along the periclinal walls to maximize light absorption. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chloroplast_movement.svg
4:19
Chloroplasts - Structure
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:19
- Uploaded Date: 04 Feb 2015
- views: 797859
- published: 04 Feb 2015
- views: 797859
3:46
A Level Biology Revision "Chloroplasts"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:46
- Uploaded Date: 11 Jun 2023
- views: 11646
You can find all my A Level Biology videos fully indexed at https://www.freesciencelessons.co.uk/a-level-revision-videos/a-level-biology/
In this video, we loo...
You can find all my A Level Biology videos fully indexed at https://www.freesciencelessons.co.uk/a-level-revision-videos/a-level-biology/
In this video, we look at the structure and function of chloroplasts. First we look at the two stages in photosynthesis. These are called the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions. We then explore the structure of chloroplasts and how these structures are linked to the function of chloroplasts.
This video is aimed at the UK A Level Biology specifications. Students studying International A Level Biology will need to check their specification.
https://wn.com/A_Level_Biology_Revision_Chloroplasts
You can find all my A Level Biology videos fully indexed at https://www.freesciencelessons.co.uk/a-level-revision-videos/a-level-biology/
In this video, we look at the structure and function of chloroplasts. First we look at the two stages in photosynthesis. These are called the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions. We then explore the structure of chloroplasts and how these structures are linked to the function of chloroplasts.
This video is aimed at the UK A Level Biology specifications. Students studying International A Level Biology will need to check their specification.
- published: 11 Jun 2023
- views: 11646
2:54
Chloroplast Structure and Function | Botany | Cell Biology
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:54
- Uploaded Date: 28 Feb 2021
- views: 41696
In this video, we are going to go over the structure and function of the chloroplast.
In this video, we are going to go over the structure and function of the chloroplast.
https://wn.com/Chloroplast_Structure_And_Function_|_Botany_|_Cell_Biology
In this video, we are going to go over the structure and function of the chloroplast.
- published: 28 Feb 2021
- views: 41696
1:35
Chloroplasts-Definition-Function-Structure
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:35
- Uploaded Date: 28 Sep 2016
- views: 76309
In this video, I would like to talk about chloroplasts
Chloroplasts are green organelles found in plants and some protists like the Euglena and are the site of ...
In this video, I would like to talk about chloroplasts
Chloroplasts are green organelles found in plants and some protists like the Euglena and are the site of photosynthesis.
They help these organisms by converting sunlight into chemical energy.
Take a look at these chloroplasts moving inside this plant cell.
Chloroplasts are important to cells because they are the sight of photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts get green color from chlroplhyll which helps change sunlight to chemical energy.
A chloroplast takes carbon dioxide and water add sunlight and makes sugar and oxygen which is released.
Let's end with a chloroplast song.
Let's get started with the photoynthetic
The sun hits the chloroplasts,remember them?
Stuffed with chlorophyl now let's talk about them.
We owe it all to the mean green pigment
absorbing all the sunlight,that's being sent
Carbon Dioxide and H2O
mix with light energy to make a crazy combo
water in the cytoplasm chills for a few
then hydrogen and oxygen split into two.
The atoms recombine to make c6H12O6
a sugar called glucose you simply need to know this.
The result is important to you and to me
Oxygen releases from the plants and the trees
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
Please watch: "Study Skills Teacher's Secret Guide to your Best Grades"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f3bsg8gaSbw
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
*
*
For more Life Science videos and summaries see,
http://www.moomoomath.com/Middle-School-Science-and-Biology.html
https://wn.com/Chloroplasts_Definition_Function_Structure
In this video, I would like to talk about chloroplasts
Chloroplasts are green organelles found in plants and some protists like the Euglena and are the site of photosynthesis.
They help these organisms by converting sunlight into chemical energy.
Take a look at these chloroplasts moving inside this plant cell.
Chloroplasts are important to cells because they are the sight of photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts get green color from chlroplhyll which helps change sunlight to chemical energy.
A chloroplast takes carbon dioxide and water add sunlight and makes sugar and oxygen which is released.
Let's end with a chloroplast song.
Let's get started with the photoynthetic
The sun hits the chloroplasts,remember them?
Stuffed with chlorophyl now let's talk about them.
We owe it all to the mean green pigment
absorbing all the sunlight,that's being sent
Carbon Dioxide and H2O
mix with light energy to make a crazy combo
water in the cytoplasm chills for a few
then hydrogen and oxygen split into two.
The atoms recombine to make c6H12O6
a sugar called glucose you simply need to know this.
The result is important to you and to me
Oxygen releases from the plants and the trees
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
Please watch: "Study Skills Teacher's Secret Guide to your Best Grades"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f3bsg8gaSbw
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
*
*
For more Life Science videos and summaries see,
http://www.moomoomath.com/Middle-School-Science-and-Biology.html
- published: 28 Sep 2016
- views: 76309
3:00
Mitochondria vs Chloroplast | 3 major differences [and 2 similarities]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:00
- Uploaded Date: 02 Sep 2022
- views: 32228
Get the Free Guide - https://www.2minuteclassroom.com/5-test-tips-pdf
---DIVE IN---
Follow me on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2.minute.classroom/
Get I...
Get the Free Guide - https://www.2minuteclassroom.com/5-test-tips-pdf
---DIVE IN---
Follow me on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2.minute.classroom/
Get Involved with the 2 Minute Classroom Community: https://bit.ly/2QvgbYy
Find more at https://www.2minuteclassroom.com
---MY GEAR---
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Animation Software: https://www.videoscribe.co/en/
DISCLAIMER: This video and description contain affiliate links, which means that if you click on some of the product links, I’ll receive a small commission. This helps support the channel and allows us to continue to make videos like this. Thank you for your support!
---TRANSCRIPT---
Thanks for stopping by. This is 2 minute classroom, and today we are comparing and contrasting mitochondria and chloroplast.
Maybe you’ve already learned about these two organelles and are just here for a refresher before a quiz or test or maybe you’re learning about these for the first time. I’ve been there and am here to give you what you need and send you on to success.
Let’s start with the differences.
You’re probably aware that chloroplasts are found in plant and algae cells and mitochondria are found in animal cells. This is true. But did you also know that mitochondria are found in nearly every plant cell, because, plants need energy too?
Which brings us to our next difference, their function.
Mitochondria, as I just mentioned, produce energy. They do this by utilizing oxygen to break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP, a very cool high-energy compound.
Chloroplasts, on the other hand, store energy in organic material by taking in carbon dioxide, water, and energy from the sun to produce oxygen and carbohydrates. This is the photosynthesis process.
So essentially, their functions are completely opposite yet complimentary.
The last major difference we’ll discuss is their appearance. Mitochondria are bean-shaped and essentially colorless. Chloroplasts on the other hand are disk-shaped and contain chlorophyll, which is a pigment that absorbs red and blue wavelengths and reflects green wavelengths of light, giving plants their green color.
Pretty rad.
Now onto some key similarities.
Both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own DNA that is separate from their cell's DNA. That’s right, there’s more DNA than what’s in your nucleus.
This DNA is circular and used to create some of the proteins involved in their specific processes.
Why do mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA?
Well, that brings us to our next key similarity, the endosymbiotic theory. Which, in my opinion, is one of the gnarliest scientific theories out there.
The endosymbiotic theory posits that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once bacteria that lived as single-cell organisms separate from any other organism. This is why they have their own DNA.
Then one day, a larger, more complex cell engulfed the pre-mitochondria cell and formed a symbiotic relationship, utilizing its compound breakdown and energy production capabilities. After. These would go on to become animal cells.
One of these early animal cells ingested a pre-chloroplast cell and became the parent of today’s plant cells.
If you do have a quiz or test coming up on this topic, check out this test prep playlist or download the free test prep guide in the description.
Thanks for watching, and I’ll catch you next time.
https://wn.com/Mitochondria_Vs_Chloroplast_|_3_Major_Differences_And_2_Similarities
Get the Free Guide - https://www.2minuteclassroom.com/5-test-tips-pdf
---DIVE IN---
Follow me on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2.minute.classroom/
Get Involved with the 2 Minute Classroom Community: https://bit.ly/2QvgbYy
Find more at https://www.2minuteclassroom.com
---MY GEAR---
Blue Yeti Microphone: https://amzn.to/2Q6PoCc
Blue Yeti Microphone kit: https://amzn.to/2Q1lM9o
GTX Graphics Card: https://amzn.to/2Pcygpp
Animation Software: https://www.videoscribe.co/en/
DISCLAIMER: This video and description contain affiliate links, which means that if you click on some of the product links, I’ll receive a small commission. This helps support the channel and allows us to continue to make videos like this. Thank you for your support!
---TRANSCRIPT---
Thanks for stopping by. This is 2 minute classroom, and today we are comparing and contrasting mitochondria and chloroplast.
Maybe you’ve already learned about these two organelles and are just here for a refresher before a quiz or test or maybe you’re learning about these for the first time. I’ve been there and am here to give you what you need and send you on to success.
Let’s start with the differences.
You’re probably aware that chloroplasts are found in plant and algae cells and mitochondria are found in animal cells. This is true. But did you also know that mitochondria are found in nearly every plant cell, because, plants need energy too?
Which brings us to our next difference, their function.
Mitochondria, as I just mentioned, produce energy. They do this by utilizing oxygen to break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP, a very cool high-energy compound.
Chloroplasts, on the other hand, store energy in organic material by taking in carbon dioxide, water, and energy from the sun to produce oxygen and carbohydrates. This is the photosynthesis process.
So essentially, their functions are completely opposite yet complimentary.
The last major difference we’ll discuss is their appearance. Mitochondria are bean-shaped and essentially colorless. Chloroplasts on the other hand are disk-shaped and contain chlorophyll, which is a pigment that absorbs red and blue wavelengths and reflects green wavelengths of light, giving plants their green color.
Pretty rad.
Now onto some key similarities.
Both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own DNA that is separate from their cell's DNA. That’s right, there’s more DNA than what’s in your nucleus.
This DNA is circular and used to create some of the proteins involved in their specific processes.
Why do mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA?
Well, that brings us to our next key similarity, the endosymbiotic theory. Which, in my opinion, is one of the gnarliest scientific theories out there.
The endosymbiotic theory posits that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once bacteria that lived as single-cell organisms separate from any other organism. This is why they have their own DNA.
Then one day, a larger, more complex cell engulfed the pre-mitochondria cell and formed a symbiotic relationship, utilizing its compound breakdown and energy production capabilities. After. These would go on to become animal cells.
One of these early animal cells ingested a pre-chloroplast cell and became the parent of today’s plant cells.
If you do have a quiz or test coming up on this topic, check out this test prep playlist or download the free test prep guide in the description.
Thanks for watching, and I’ll catch you next time.
- published: 02 Sep 2022
- views: 32228
2:53
Travel Deep Inside a Leaf - Annotated Version | California Academy of Sciences
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:53
- Uploaded Date: 03 Jan 2017
- views: 6239794
Please turn on subtitles with the CC (Closed Captions) button to see the explanatory annotations designed for educators.
Transcript of closed captions:
0:05: ...
Please turn on subtitles with the CC (Closed Captions) button to see the explanatory annotations designed for educators.
Transcript of closed captions:
0:05: We are approaching a redwood tree. To animate a scientifically accurate leaf, artists studied the texture of a redwood leaf specimen on a glass slide at high resolution. They even counted the stomata, and used that exact count for this film!
0:25: These leaves would be measured on a centimeter scale. Throughout the animation, we will gradually zoom in to smaller scales.
0:40: As we approach a single stoma, we are now on a millimeter scale.
0:48: As we enter the interior of the leaf, we see many individual palisade cells. These cells are where photosynthesis takes place; they are translucent to allow sunlight to enter.
1:00: As we approach a single palisade cell, we’ll zoom down to the micrometer scale. The shapes inside the cell are organelles: the bright globules at the bottom are the Golgi apparatus; the yellow spotted tubes are endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.
1:09: That large, blue membrane surrounds the nucleus; the purple blobs are mitochondria.
1:18: The faint, yellow, spider-web structure of the cytoskeleton provides structure and support to the cell.
1:24: You are about to enter a chloroplast; inside you see flat, pancake-like membranous structures called thylakoids. This is where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place to produce ATP, the cell’s energy carrier molecule. way
1:38: The time scale has changed: the molecules are shown moving 1 million times slower than in real life!
1:42: As we near an individual thylakoid, the animation scale continues to shrink down to the molecular level, where things are measured in nanometers.
1:52: The green and blue bush-like structures are photosystems: clusters of proteins that absorb light energy from the sun and help convert it into the chemical energy that’s stored in the bonds of the energy carrier molecule called ATP.
2:03: The yellow-green, rotating structure is an enzyme called ATP synthase. This molecular machine facilitates the flow of protons down their concentration gradient from one side of the thylakoid membrane to the other, using the energy released in the process to assemble ATP.
2:16: The pulses of light in the thylakoid membrane in which the photosystems are embedded represent energized electrons being passed from one photosystem to another, passing along the energy which will be stored in the bonds of ATP (the classic “bucket brigade”).
2:26: The small “wigglies” are ATP molecules. Living things store energy in the bonds of the ATP molecules and then use that energy to conduct all the processes of life.
This animation is a model, and has its strengths and limitations. In order to model something well, visual artists have to make decisions about what to represent and how best to do so. What’s present in this model, and what’s intentionally missing or altered? Find out by visiting https://www.calacademy.org/educators/travel-deep-inside-a-leaf
- - -
The California Academy of Sciences is a renowned scientific and educational institution dedicated to exploring, explaining, and sustaining life on Earth. Based in San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park, it's the only place in the world to house an aquarium, planetarium, rainforest, and natural history museum—plus cutting-edge research programs—all under one living roof.
Connect with us:
• Facebook: https://facebook.com/calacademy
• Twitter: https://twitter.com/calacademy
• Instagram: https://instagram.com/calacademy
• Snapchat: https://www.snapchat.com/add/heycalacademy
• Tumblr: https://heycalacademy.tumblr.com
https://wn.com/Travel_Deep_Inside_A_Leaf_Annotated_Version_|_California_Academy_Of_Sciences
Please turn on subtitles with the CC (Closed Captions) button to see the explanatory annotations designed for educators.
Transcript of closed captions:
0:05: We are approaching a redwood tree. To animate a scientifically accurate leaf, artists studied the texture of a redwood leaf specimen on a glass slide at high resolution. They even counted the stomata, and used that exact count for this film!
0:25: These leaves would be measured on a centimeter scale. Throughout the animation, we will gradually zoom in to smaller scales.
0:40: As we approach a single stoma, we are now on a millimeter scale.
0:48: As we enter the interior of the leaf, we see many individual palisade cells. These cells are where photosynthesis takes place; they are translucent to allow sunlight to enter.
1:00: As we approach a single palisade cell, we’ll zoom down to the micrometer scale. The shapes inside the cell are organelles: the bright globules at the bottom are the Golgi apparatus; the yellow spotted tubes are endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.
1:09: That large, blue membrane surrounds the nucleus; the purple blobs are mitochondria.
1:18: The faint, yellow, spider-web structure of the cytoskeleton provides structure and support to the cell.
1:24: You are about to enter a chloroplast; inside you see flat, pancake-like membranous structures called thylakoids. This is where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place to produce ATP, the cell’s energy carrier molecule. way
1:38: The time scale has changed: the molecules are shown moving 1 million times slower than in real life!
1:42: As we near an individual thylakoid, the animation scale continues to shrink down to the molecular level, where things are measured in nanometers.
1:52: The green and blue bush-like structures are photosystems: clusters of proteins that absorb light energy from the sun and help convert it into the chemical energy that’s stored in the bonds of the energy carrier molecule called ATP.
2:03: The yellow-green, rotating structure is an enzyme called ATP synthase. This molecular machine facilitates the flow of protons down their concentration gradient from one side of the thylakoid membrane to the other, using the energy released in the process to assemble ATP.
2:16: The pulses of light in the thylakoid membrane in which the photosystems are embedded represent energized electrons being passed from one photosystem to another, passing along the energy which will be stored in the bonds of ATP (the classic “bucket brigade”).
2:26: The small “wigglies” are ATP molecules. Living things store energy in the bonds of the ATP molecules and then use that energy to conduct all the processes of life.
This animation is a model, and has its strengths and limitations. In order to model something well, visual artists have to make decisions about what to represent and how best to do so. What’s present in this model, and what’s intentionally missing or altered? Find out by visiting https://www.calacademy.org/educators/travel-deep-inside-a-leaf
- - -
The California Academy of Sciences is a renowned scientific and educational institution dedicated to exploring, explaining, and sustaining life on Earth. Based in San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park, it's the only place in the world to house an aquarium, planetarium, rainforest, and natural history museum—plus cutting-edge research programs—all under one living roof.
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- published: 03 Jan 2017
- views: 6239794
4:05
A2 Biology - Chloroplast structure (OCR A Chapter 17.3)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:05
- Uploaded Date: 28 Mar 2018
- views: 54320
Before looking at the process of photosynthesis, you need to be aware of the structure of the chloroplast. Same as mitochondria, chloroplasts used to be a type ...
Before looking at the process of photosynthesis, you need to be aware of the structure of the chloroplast. Same as mitochondria, chloroplasts used to be a type of bacteria (cyanobacteria) that got engulfed by early cells and they share a symbiotic relationship, and the bacteria eventually got passed on as part of the cell, leading to the chloroplasts now found in plant cells. Pay special attention to the thylakoid membrane and stroma, as they are the sites of the two stages of photosynthesis.
Please subscribe for more content and comment below to let me know what you think! :)
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Background music:
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https://wn.com/A2_Biology_Chloroplast_Structure_(Ocr_A_Chapter_17.3)
Before looking at the process of photosynthesis, you need to be aware of the structure of the chloroplast. Same as mitochondria, chloroplasts used to be a type of bacteria (cyanobacteria) that got engulfed by early cells and they share a symbiotic relationship, and the bacteria eventually got passed on as part of the cell, leading to the chloroplasts now found in plant cells. Pay special attention to the thylakoid membrane and stroma, as they are the sites of the two stages of photosynthesis.
Please subscribe for more content and comment below to let me know what you think! :)
Facebook: BioRach - A-level Biology Online
https://www.facebook.com/biorachproject/
Twitter: @BioRachProject
https://twitter.com/BioRachProject?lang=zh-tw
Background music:
"Clouds" by Huma-Huma
- published: 28 Mar 2018
- views: 54320
7:59
Photosynthesis (UPDATED)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:59
- Uploaded Date: 14 Jul 2021
- views: 3754451
Explore one of the most fascinating processes plants can do: photosynthesis! In this Amoeba Sisters updated photosynthesis video, you will find a general overvi...
Explore one of the most fascinating processes plants can do: photosynthesis! In this Amoeba Sisters updated photosynthesis video, you will find a general overview of the light dependent and light independent reactions (Calvin Cycle) and how they work together to ultimately produce glucose. This video also compares the photosynthesis equation to the equation in cellular respiration. Still prefer the old video? It's here: https://youtu.be/uixA8ZXx0KU
This video or the original (old) photosynthesis video can be used with our "Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration" handout on https://www.amoebasisters.com/handouts and our photosynthesis Unlectured series topic https://www.amoebasisters.com/unlectured
Video has been dubbed using an artificial voice via https://aloud.area120.google.com to increase accessibility. You can change the audio track language in the Settings menu.
Table of Contents:
0:00 Intro
0:33 Why does photosynthesis matter?
1:23 Photosyn vs Cellular Resp Equations
2:17 Chlorophyll and other pigments
3:33 Light dependent reactions
4:36 Light independent reactions (Calvin Cycle)
5:48 Big picture overview
6:39 Examples of adaptations for photosyn
-----------------------------------------------
Factual References:
Rye, Connie, et al. “8.1 Overview of Photosynthesis.” Biology, OpenStax, 21 Oct. 2016, openstax.org/books/biology/pages/8-1-overview-of-photosynthesis?
Urry, Lisa A, et al. Campbell Biology. 11th ed., New York, Ny, Pearson Education, Inc, 2017.
-----------------------------------------------
FURTHER READING SUGGESTIONS:
Explore more!!
Light Dependent Reactions:
https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/8-2-the-light-dependent-reactions-of-photosynthesis
Calvin Cycle (Light Independent Reactions):
https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/8-3-using-light-energy-to-make-organic-molecules
-----------------------------------------------
The Amoeba Sisters videos demystify science with humor and relevance. The videos center on Pinky's certification and experience in teaching biology at the high school level. Amoeba Sisters videos only cover concepts that Pinky is certified to teach, and they focus on her specialty: secondary life science. Learn more about our videos here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/our-videos
⭐We have a menu of our resources that complement our videos! Visit https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1b3kmAzFEjWgoMKCrkeNCKFYunWk04IuLY93jI4OY0gY/edit?usp=sharing
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TIPS FOR VIEWING EDU YOUTUBE VIDEOS:
Want to learn tips for viewing edu YouTube videos including changing the speed, language, viewing the transcript, etc? https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/10-youtube-tips-from-an-edu-youtuber-duo
MUSIC:
Our intro music designed and performed by Jeremiah Cheshire.
End music in this video is listed free to use/no attribution required from the YouTube audio library.
COMMUNITY:
We take pride in our AWESOME community, and we welcome feedback and discussion. However, please remember that this is an education channel. See YouTube's community guidelines and how YouTube handles comments that are reported by the community. We also reserve the right to remove comments.
TRANSLATIONS:
Hindi Subtitling Credit: Alisha Aggarwal
UPDATE: We have videos dubbed in Spanish and Portuguese using an artificial voice via https://aloud.area120.google.com to increase accessibility. View these channels and/or help translate our subtitles in any language? Learn more here https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/community-contributed-subtitles
https://wn.com/Photosynthesis_(Updated)
Explore one of the most fascinating processes plants can do: photosynthesis! In this Amoeba Sisters updated photosynthesis video, you will find a general overview of the light dependent and light independent reactions (Calvin Cycle) and how they work together to ultimately produce glucose. This video also compares the photosynthesis equation to the equation in cellular respiration. Still prefer the old video? It's here: https://youtu.be/uixA8ZXx0KU
This video or the original (old) photosynthesis video can be used with our "Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration" handout on https://www.amoebasisters.com/handouts and our photosynthesis Unlectured series topic https://www.amoebasisters.com/unlectured
Video has been dubbed using an artificial voice via https://aloud.area120.google.com to increase accessibility. You can change the audio track language in the Settings menu.
Table of Contents:
0:00 Intro
0:33 Why does photosynthesis matter?
1:23 Photosyn vs Cellular Resp Equations
2:17 Chlorophyll and other pigments
3:33 Light dependent reactions
4:36 Light independent reactions (Calvin Cycle)
5:48 Big picture overview
6:39 Examples of adaptations for photosyn
-----------------------------------------------
Factual References:
Rye, Connie, et al. “8.1 Overview of Photosynthesis.” Biology, OpenStax, 21 Oct. 2016, openstax.org/books/biology/pages/8-1-overview-of-photosynthesis?
Urry, Lisa A, et al. Campbell Biology. 11th ed., New York, Ny, Pearson Education, Inc, 2017.
-----------------------------------------------
FURTHER READING SUGGESTIONS:
Explore more!!
Light Dependent Reactions:
https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/8-2-the-light-dependent-reactions-of-photosynthesis
Calvin Cycle (Light Independent Reactions):
https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/8-3-using-light-energy-to-make-organic-molecules
-----------------------------------------------
The Amoeba Sisters videos demystify science with humor and relevance. The videos center on Pinky's certification and experience in teaching biology at the high school level. Amoeba Sisters videos only cover concepts that Pinky is certified to teach, and they focus on her specialty: secondary life science. Learn more about our videos here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/our-videos
⭐We have a menu of our resources that complement our videos! Visit https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1b3kmAzFEjWgoMKCrkeNCKFYunWk04IuLY93jI4OY0gY/edit?usp=sharing
Support Us? https://www.amoebasisters.com/support-us
Our Resources:
Biology Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwL0Myd7Dk1F0iQPGrjehze3eDpco1eVz
GIFs: https://www.amoebasisters.com/gifs.html
Handouts: https://www.amoebasisters.com/handouts.html
Comics: https://www.amoebasisters.com/parameciumparlorcomics
Unlectured Series: https://www.amoebasisters.com/unlectured
Connect with us!
Website: https://www.AmoebaSisters.com
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Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/AmoebaSisters
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Webtoon: https://www.webtoons.com/en/challenge/amoeba-sisters-sisterhood/list?title_no=289479&page;=1
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/amoebasistersofficial/
TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@amoebasistersofficial
Visit our Redbubble store at https://www.amoebasisters.com/store
TIPS FOR VIEWING EDU YOUTUBE VIDEOS:
Want to learn tips for viewing edu YouTube videos including changing the speed, language, viewing the transcript, etc? https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/10-youtube-tips-from-an-edu-youtuber-duo
MUSIC:
Our intro music designed and performed by Jeremiah Cheshire.
End music in this video is listed free to use/no attribution required from the YouTube audio library.
COMMUNITY:
We take pride in our AWESOME community, and we welcome feedback and discussion. However, please remember that this is an education channel. See YouTube's community guidelines and how YouTube handles comments that are reported by the community. We also reserve the right to remove comments.
TRANSLATIONS:
Hindi Subtitling Credit: Alisha Aggarwal
UPDATE: We have videos dubbed in Spanish and Portuguese using an artificial voice via https://aloud.area120.google.com to increase accessibility. View these channels and/or help translate our subtitles in any language? Learn more here https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/community-contributed-subtitles
- published: 14 Jul 2021
- views: 3754451
3:56
Chloroplasts
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:56
- Uploaded Date: 14 Feb 2019
- views: 25410
In this video Dr Rebecca LeBard outlines the organelles called chloroplasts, which carry out photosynthesis.
In this video Dr Rebecca LeBard outlines the organelles called chloroplasts, which carry out photosynthesis.
https://wn.com/Chloroplasts
In this video Dr Rebecca LeBard outlines the organelles called chloroplasts, which carry out photosynthesis.
- published: 14 Feb 2019
- views: 25410
5:37
The Chloroplast
In this video Paul Andersen explains how the chloroplast in plants harnesses power from th...
published: 12 May 2016
The Chloroplast
The Chloroplast
- Report rights infringement
- published: 12 May 2016
- views: 284773
In this video Paul Andersen explains how the chloroplast in plants harnesses power from the Sun to form high energy molecules like glucose. The structure of a chloroplast as well as a brief discussion of the light reaction and Calvin cycle are included.
Do you speak another language? Help me translate my videos:
http://www.bozemanscience.com/translations/
Music Attribution
Intro
Title: I4dsong_loop_main.wav
Artist: CosmicD
Link to sound: http://www.freesound.org/people/CosmicD/sounds/72556/
Creative Commons Atribution License
Outro
Title: String Theory
Artist: Herman Jolly
http://sunsetvalley.bandcamp.com/track/string-theory
All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing:
Abrget47j. (2013). Eesti: Tamme-Lauri Tamm suvel. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tamme-Lauri_Tamm_suvel.jpg
Clipart - Glowing Light Bulb. (n.d.). Retrieved May 6, 2016, from https://openclipart.org/detail/69163/glowing-light-bulb
Fasaxc. (2010). English: Photo of a poinsettia leaf, backlit by the Sun. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Backlit_green_poinsettia_leaf.jpg
Fischer, C. (2014). English: Bloom of cyanobacteria in a freshwater pond. This accumulation in one corner of the pond was caused by wind drift. It looked as if someone had dumped a bucket color into the water. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cyanobacteria_Aggregation2.jpg
Kelvinsong. (2013a). English: Comparison between a chloroplast and a cyanobacterium. Lines aligned to a 690 × 260 px grid, Librsvg bugs begin below about 515 × 195 px. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chloroplast-cyanobacterium_comparison.svg
Kelvinsong. (2013b). English: New version of File:Chloroplast (standalone version)-en.svg, reworked for æsthetics and scientific accuracy. Editable text in on an invisible layer in the SVG. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chloroplast_II.svg
Kelvinsong. (2013c). English: When chloroplasts are exposed to direct sunlight, they stack in columns along the anticlinal cell walls to avoid exposure. In the dark they spread out in sheets along the periclinal walls to maximize light absorption. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chloroplast_movement.svg
3:46
A Level Biology Revision "Chloroplasts"
You can find all my A Level Biology videos fully indexed at https://www.freesciencelessons...
published: 11 Jun 2023
A Level Biology Revision "Chloroplasts"
A Level Biology Revision "Chloroplasts"
- Report rights infringement
- published: 11 Jun 2023
- views: 11646
You can find all my A Level Biology videos fully indexed at https://www.freesciencelessons.co.uk/a-level-revision-videos/a-level-biology/
In this video, we look at the structure and function of chloroplasts. First we look at the two stages in photosynthesis. These are called the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions. We then explore the structure of chloroplasts and how these structures are linked to the function of chloroplasts.
This video is aimed at the UK A Level Biology specifications. Students studying International A Level Biology will need to check their specification.
2:54
Chloroplast Structure and Function | Botany | Cell Biology
In this video, we are going to go over the structure and function of the chloroplast.
published: 28 Feb 2021
Chloroplast Structure and Function | Botany | Cell Biology
Chloroplast Structure and Function | Botany | Cell Biology
- Report rights infringement
- published: 28 Feb 2021
- views: 41696
In this video, we are going to go over the structure and function of the chloroplast.
1:35
Chloroplasts-Definition-Function-Structure
In this video, I would like to talk about chloroplasts
Chloroplasts are green organelles f...
published: 28 Sep 2016
Chloroplasts-Definition-Function-Structure
Chloroplasts-Definition-Function-Structure
- Report rights infringement
- published: 28 Sep 2016
- views: 76309
In this video, I would like to talk about chloroplasts
Chloroplasts are green organelles found in plants and some protists like the Euglena and are the site of photosynthesis.
They help these organisms by converting sunlight into chemical energy.
Take a look at these chloroplasts moving inside this plant cell.
Chloroplasts are important to cells because they are the sight of photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts get green color from chlroplhyll which helps change sunlight to chemical energy.
A chloroplast takes carbon dioxide and water add sunlight and makes sugar and oxygen which is released.
Let's end with a chloroplast song.
Let's get started with the photoynthetic
The sun hits the chloroplasts,remember them?
Stuffed with chlorophyl now let's talk about them.
We owe it all to the mean green pigment
absorbing all the sunlight,that's being sent
Carbon Dioxide and H2O
mix with light energy to make a crazy combo
water in the cytoplasm chills for a few
then hydrogen and oxygen split into two.
The atoms recombine to make c6H12O6
a sugar called glucose you simply need to know this.
The result is important to you and to me
Oxygen releases from the plants and the trees
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
Please watch: "Study Skills Teacher's Secret Guide to your Best Grades"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f3bsg8gaSbw
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
*
*
For more Life Science videos and summaries see,
http://www.moomoomath.com/Middle-School-Science-and-Biology.html
3:00
Mitochondria vs Chloroplast | 3 major differences [and 2 similarities]
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published: 02 Sep 2022
Mitochondria vs Chloroplast | 3 major differences [and 2 similarities]
Mitochondria vs Chloroplast | 3 major differences [and 2 similarities]
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- published: 02 Sep 2022
- views: 32228
Get the Free Guide - https://www.2minuteclassroom.com/5-test-tips-pdf
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---TRANSCRIPT---
Thanks for stopping by. This is 2 minute classroom, and today we are comparing and contrasting mitochondria and chloroplast.
Maybe you’ve already learned about these two organelles and are just here for a refresher before a quiz or test or maybe you’re learning about these for the first time. I’ve been there and am here to give you what you need and send you on to success.
Let’s start with the differences.
You’re probably aware that chloroplasts are found in plant and algae cells and mitochondria are found in animal cells. This is true. But did you also know that mitochondria are found in nearly every plant cell, because, plants need energy too?
Which brings us to our next difference, their function.
Mitochondria, as I just mentioned, produce energy. They do this by utilizing oxygen to break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP, a very cool high-energy compound.
Chloroplasts, on the other hand, store energy in organic material by taking in carbon dioxide, water, and energy from the sun to produce oxygen and carbohydrates. This is the photosynthesis process.
So essentially, their functions are completely opposite yet complimentary.
The last major difference we’ll discuss is their appearance. Mitochondria are bean-shaped and essentially colorless. Chloroplasts on the other hand are disk-shaped and contain chlorophyll, which is a pigment that absorbs red and blue wavelengths and reflects green wavelengths of light, giving plants their green color.
Pretty rad.
Now onto some key similarities.
Both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own DNA that is separate from their cell's DNA. That’s right, there’s more DNA than what’s in your nucleus.
This DNA is circular and used to create some of the proteins involved in their specific processes.
Why do mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA?
Well, that brings us to our next key similarity, the endosymbiotic theory. Which, in my opinion, is one of the gnarliest scientific theories out there.
The endosymbiotic theory posits that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once bacteria that lived as single-cell organisms separate from any other organism. This is why they have their own DNA.
Then one day, a larger, more complex cell engulfed the pre-mitochondria cell and formed a symbiotic relationship, utilizing its compound breakdown and energy production capabilities. After. These would go on to become animal cells.
One of these early animal cells ingested a pre-chloroplast cell and became the parent of today’s plant cells.
If you do have a quiz or test coming up on this topic, check out this test prep playlist or download the free test prep guide in the description.
Thanks for watching, and I’ll catch you next time.
2:53
Travel Deep Inside a Leaf - Annotated Version | California Academy of Sciences
Please turn on subtitles with the CC (Closed Captions) button to see the explanatory annot...
published: 03 Jan 2017
Travel Deep Inside a Leaf - Annotated Version | California Academy of Sciences
Travel Deep Inside a Leaf - Annotated Version | California Academy of Sciences
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- published: 03 Jan 2017
- views: 6239794
Please turn on subtitles with the CC (Closed Captions) button to see the explanatory annotations designed for educators.
Transcript of closed captions:
0:05: We are approaching a redwood tree. To animate a scientifically accurate leaf, artists studied the texture of a redwood leaf specimen on a glass slide at high resolution. They even counted the stomata, and used that exact count for this film!
0:25: These leaves would be measured on a centimeter scale. Throughout the animation, we will gradually zoom in to smaller scales.
0:40: As we approach a single stoma, we are now on a millimeter scale.
0:48: As we enter the interior of the leaf, we see many individual palisade cells. These cells are where photosynthesis takes place; they are translucent to allow sunlight to enter.
1:00: As we approach a single palisade cell, we’ll zoom down to the micrometer scale. The shapes inside the cell are organelles: the bright globules at the bottom are the Golgi apparatus; the yellow spotted tubes are endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.
1:09: That large, blue membrane surrounds the nucleus; the purple blobs are mitochondria.
1:18: The faint, yellow, spider-web structure of the cytoskeleton provides structure and support to the cell.
1:24: You are about to enter a chloroplast; inside you see flat, pancake-like membranous structures called thylakoids. This is where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place to produce ATP, the cell’s energy carrier molecule. way
1:38: The time scale has changed: the molecules are shown moving 1 million times slower than in real life!
1:42: As we near an individual thylakoid, the animation scale continues to shrink down to the molecular level, where things are measured in nanometers.
1:52: The green and blue bush-like structures are photosystems: clusters of proteins that absorb light energy from the sun and help convert it into the chemical energy that’s stored in the bonds of the energy carrier molecule called ATP.
2:03: The yellow-green, rotating structure is an enzyme called ATP synthase. This molecular machine facilitates the flow of protons down their concentration gradient from one side of the thylakoid membrane to the other, using the energy released in the process to assemble ATP.
2:16: The pulses of light in the thylakoid membrane in which the photosystems are embedded represent energized electrons being passed from one photosystem to another, passing along the energy which will be stored in the bonds of ATP (the classic “bucket brigade”).
2:26: The small “wigglies” are ATP molecules. Living things store energy in the bonds of the ATP molecules and then use that energy to conduct all the processes of life.
This animation is a model, and has its strengths and limitations. In order to model something well, visual artists have to make decisions about what to represent and how best to do so. What’s present in this model, and what’s intentionally missing or altered? Find out by visiting https://www.calacademy.org/educators/travel-deep-inside-a-leaf
- - -
The California Academy of Sciences is a renowned scientific and educational institution dedicated to exploring, explaining, and sustaining life on Earth. Based in San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park, it's the only place in the world to house an aquarium, planetarium, rainforest, and natural history museum—plus cutting-edge research programs—all under one living roof.
Connect with us:
• Facebook: https://facebook.com/calacademy
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4:05
A2 Biology - Chloroplast structure (OCR A Chapter 17.3)
Before looking at the process of photosynthesis, you need to be aware of the structure of ...
published: 28 Mar 2018
A2 Biology - Chloroplast structure (OCR A Chapter 17.3)
A2 Biology - Chloroplast structure (OCR A Chapter 17.3)
- Report rights infringement
- published: 28 Mar 2018
- views: 54320
Before looking at the process of photosynthesis, you need to be aware of the structure of the chloroplast. Same as mitochondria, chloroplasts used to be a type of bacteria (cyanobacteria) that got engulfed by early cells and they share a symbiotic relationship, and the bacteria eventually got passed on as part of the cell, leading to the chloroplasts now found in plant cells. Pay special attention to the thylakoid membrane and stroma, as they are the sites of the two stages of photosynthesis.
Please subscribe for more content and comment below to let me know what you think! :)
Facebook: BioRach - A-level Biology Online
https://www.facebook.com/biorachproject/
Twitter: @BioRachProject
https://twitter.com/BioRachProject?lang=zh-tw
Background music:
"Clouds" by Huma-Huma
7:59
Photosynthesis (UPDATED)
Explore one of the most fascinating processes plants can do: photosynthesis! In this Amoeb...
published: 14 Jul 2021
Photosynthesis (UPDATED)
Photosynthesis (UPDATED)
- Report rights infringement
- published: 14 Jul 2021
- views: 3754451
Explore one of the most fascinating processes plants can do: photosynthesis! In this Amoeba Sisters updated photosynthesis video, you will find a general overview of the light dependent and light independent reactions (Calvin Cycle) and how they work together to ultimately produce glucose. This video also compares the photosynthesis equation to the equation in cellular respiration. Still prefer the old video? It's here: https://youtu.be/uixA8ZXx0KU
This video or the original (old) photosynthesis video can be used with our "Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration" handout on https://www.amoebasisters.com/handouts and our photosynthesis Unlectured series topic https://www.amoebasisters.com/unlectured
Video has been dubbed using an artificial voice via https://aloud.area120.google.com to increase accessibility. You can change the audio track language in the Settings menu.
Table of Contents:
0:00 Intro
0:33 Why does photosynthesis matter?
1:23 Photosyn vs Cellular Resp Equations
2:17 Chlorophyll and other pigments
3:33 Light dependent reactions
4:36 Light independent reactions (Calvin Cycle)
5:48 Big picture overview
6:39 Examples of adaptations for photosyn
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Factual References:
Rye, Connie, et al. “8.1 Overview of Photosynthesis.” Biology, OpenStax, 21 Oct. 2016, openstax.org/books/biology/pages/8-1-overview-of-photosynthesis?
Urry, Lisa A, et al. Campbell Biology. 11th ed., New York, Ny, Pearson Education, Inc, 2017.
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FURTHER READING SUGGESTIONS:
Explore more!!
Light Dependent Reactions:
https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/8-2-the-light-dependent-reactions-of-photosynthesis
Calvin Cycle (Light Independent Reactions):
https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/8-3-using-light-energy-to-make-organic-molecules
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3:56
Chloroplasts
In this video Dr Rebecca LeBard outlines the organelles called chloroplasts, which carry o...
published: 14 Feb 2019
Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
- Report rights infringement
- published: 14 Feb 2019
- views: 25410
In this video Dr Rebecca LeBard outlines the organelles called chloroplasts, which carry out photosynthesis.
Chloroplast
Chloroplasts /ˈklɔːrəˌplæsts, plɑːsts/ are organelles, specialized subunits, in plant and algal cells. Their discovery inside plant cells is usually credited to Julius von Sachs (1832–1897), an influential botanist and author of standard botanical textbooks – sometimes called "The Father of Plant Physiology".
Chloroplasts' main role is to conduct photosynthesis, where the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll captures the energy from sunlight and converts it and stores it in the energy-storage molecules ATP and NADPH while freeing oxygen from water. They then use the ATP and NADPH to make organic molecules from carbon dioxide in a process known as the Calvin cycle. Chloroplasts carry out a number of other functions, including fatty acid synthesis, much amino acid synthesis, and the immune response in plants. The number of chloroplasts per cell varies from 1 in algae up to 100 in plants like Arabidopsis and wheat.
A chloroplast is one of three types of plastids, characterized by its high concentration of chlorophyll, the other two types, the leucoplast and the chromoplast, contain little chlorophyll and do not carry out photosynthesis.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Chloroplast
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An A-political Stand Of Reasons
by: CapdownYou always think that you can play the fool (Play the fool)
But this is life these are real decisions
You say that none of its affecting you (Affecting you)
But beyond the self there are other reasons
Stepping back you've got to take the higher ground yeah
It's not ego but a belief in the reasons why
Stepping back you've got to take the higher ground yeah
It's not ego but a belief in the reasons why
We take it all so seriously
Cos It's not 'all bullshit?
We take it all so seriously
Stepping back you've got to take the higher ground yeah
It's not ego but a belief in the reasons why
Stepping back you've got to take the higher ground yeah
It's not ego but a belief in the reasons
We must rise informed of the enemy's that face us
Put our faith in a cause that take's us
Well beyond this self-obsessed existence
For all to know and to feel the reasons why
We take it all so seriously
Cos It's not 'all bullshit?
We take it all so seriously
But you're blinded by your arrogance
Dismissing new ideas
Sure it's enough to get you through
But there's only so long that this earth can sustain us
Its time to think straight
An a-political stand of reasons
Yeah we must think straight
Cos we're throwing it all away
You wanna wait till it's all fucking up
To believe it real
There'll be nothing left that we can do
Cos there's only so long that this earth can sustain us
Its time to think straight
An a-political stand of reasons
Yeah we must think straight
And it started yesterday
It started yesterday It started yesterday
It started yesterday It started yesterday
We'll never get a second chance
To amend our evils
But it's me and you who got to choose
Cause there's only so long that this earth can sustain us
Its time to think straight
An a-political stand of reasons
Yeah we must think straight
And it started yesterday
Cos we're throwing it all away Cos we're throwing it all away