Black July is the commonly used name referring to the anti-Tamil pogrom and attacks carried out by mobs in Sri Lanka which began on July 23rd, 1983. The riots began as a response to a deadly ambush by a Tamil militant organization known as the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam that killed 13 Sri Lanka Army soldiers. Estimates vary on the death toll and damage caused by the riots, but somewhere between 400 and 3000 Tamils were killed, and as many as tens of thousands of houses were destroyed. A wave of Sri Lankan Tamils fled to other countries in the ensuing years.

Black July is generally seen as the start of full-scale armed conflict between Tamil militants and the government of Sri Lanka. 23 July has become a day of remembrance for the Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora community around the world.

During the colonial period many Sri Lankan Tamils, particularly those from the Jaffna peninsula, took advantage of educational facilities established by missionaries and the British policy of divide and rule which placed minorities in positions of power in colonies, and soon dominated the civil service and other professions. When Sri Lanka became independent in 1948, a majority of government jobs were held by Tamils, who were a minority of the country's population. The elected leaders saw this as the result of a British stratagem to control the majority Sinhalese, and deemed it a situation that needed correction.

Gordon Meredith Lightfoot, Jr. CC OOnt (born November 17, 1938) is a Canadian singer-songwriter who achieved international success in folk, folk-rock, and country music, and has been credited for helping define the folk-pop sound of the 1960s and 1970s. He has been referred to as Canada's greatest songwriter and internationally as a folk-rock legend.

Lightfoot's songs, including "For Lovin' Me", "Early Morning Rain", "Steel Rail Blues", "Ribbon of Darkness"—a number one hit on the U.S. country charts with Marty Robbins' cover in 1965— and the 1967 Detroit riot-generated "Black Day In July" brought him international recognition in the 1960s. He experienced chart success in Canada with his own recordings, beginning in 1962 with the Number 3 hit "(Remember Me) I'm the One". Lightfoot's recordings then made an impact on the international music charts as well in the 1970s, with songs such as "If You Could Read My Mind" (1970) (Number 5 on the US charts), "Sundown" (1974), "Carefree Highway" (1974), "Rainy Day People" (1975), all reaching number 1, and "The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald" (1976) (reaching number 2).

Tamilaruvi Manian (Tamil: தமிழருவி மணியன்)is a politician from Tamil Nadu. He is the writer and great orator in Tamil. Because of his ortary skills former chief minister of Tamil Nadu Kamaraj gave him the name Tamilaruvi.

Tamilaruvi Manian began his political career as a congressman in 1966. After the split happened in the Indian National Congress party, he joined Indian National Congress (Organisation). For some years, he served in the political parties like Janata Party, Janata Dal, Lok Shakti. He then joined in Tamil Maanila Congress(TMC). After the merger of TMC with Congress, continue his career in Congress. He served in the politics over 40 years. He resigned from the post of General Secretary of Tamil Nadu Congress Committee (TNCC) on 23rd February 2009 because of party's stand in the Eelam Tamil issue. He found the Gandhiya Makkal Iyakkam (காந்திய மக்கள் இயக்கம்) on 2nd october 2009.

http://www.gandhiyamakkaliyakkam.org/