Red Karen (Kayah) also known as Karenni, is a subgroup of the Karen people, a Sino-Tibetan people living mostly in Kayah State of Burma.

According to a 1983 census, the Red Karens (Karenni) consist of the following groups: Kayah, Geko (Kayan Ka Khaung, Gekho, Gaykho), Geba (Kayan Gebar, Gaybar), Padaung (Kayan Lahwi), Bres, Manu-Manaus (Manumanao), Yintale, Yinbaw, Bwe, Shan and Pao.^[1] Several of the groups (Geko, Gebar, Padaung) belong to Kayan, a subgroup of Red Karen.

9 subgroups of Kayah tribe

Karen-Ni[link]

Karen-Ni was the country of the Red Karens, a collection of small states, formally independent, which had feudal ties to Burma. The states were bounded on the north by the Shan states of Mong Pai, Hsatung and Mawkmai; on the east, they were bounded by Thailand; on the south by the Papun district of Lower Burma; and on the west a stretch of mountainous country, inhabited by the Bre and various other small tribes. During British rule in Burma, Karen-Ni had a guard of military police, which was posted at the village of Loikaw.

Karenni States[link]

The Karenni States is the name formerly given to the three states of Kantarawadi (3,161 square miles or 8,190 square kilometres, pop (1931) 30,677), Kyebogyi (790 square miles or 2,000 square kilometres, pop (1931) 14,282) and Bawlake (568 square miles or 1,470 square kilometres, pop (1931) 13,802), located south of the Federated Shan States and east of British Burma.

The British government recognized and guaranteed the independence of the Karenni States in an 1875 treaty with Burmese King Mindon Min, by which both parties recognized the area as belonging neither to Burma nor to Great Britain. Consequently, the Karenni States were never fully incorporated into British Burma. The Karenni States were recognized as tributary to British Burma in 1892, when their rulers agreed to accept a stipend from the British government. In the 1930s, the Mawchi Mine in Bawlake was the most important source of tungsten in the world. The Constitution of the Union of Burma in 1947 proclaimed that the three Karenni States be amalgamated into a single constituent state of the union, called Karenni State. It also provided for the possibility of secession from the Union after 10 years. In 1952, the former Shan state of Mong Pai was added, and the whole renamed Kayah State, possibly with the intent of driving a wedge between the Karenni (in Kayah State) and the rest of the Karen people (in Karen State), both fighting for independence.

Images[link]

Kayan Lahta

File:Kayar.jpg Kayar

Kayah Traditions[link]

Kayah Tribes and Dresses

Notes[link]

1. ^ Karenni Homeland

External links[link]

• karennihomeland.com
• huaypukeng.com
• karennisu.org
• karenni.net
• knrf.org
• [1]

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 

Karen Black
Karen Black at the Dallas International Film Festival on April 11, 2010.
Born	Karen Blanche Ziegler (1939-07-01) July 1, 1939 (age 72) Park Ridge, Illinois, U.S.
Occupation	Actress, screenwriter, singer, composer, producer
Years active	1959–present
Spouse	Charles Black (m.1960) Robert Burton (1973–74) L.M. Kit Carson (1975–?) Stephen Eckelberry (1987–present)

Karen Black (born July 1, 1939) is an American actress, screenwriter, singer, and songwriter. She is noted for appearing in such films as Easy Rider, Five Easy Pieces, The Great Gatsby, Rhinoceros, The Day of the Locust, Nashville, Airport 1975, and Alfred Hitchcock's final film, Family Plot. Over the course of her career, she won two Golden Globe Awards (out of three nominations), and an Academy Award nomination in 1970 for Best Supporting Actress, among numerous other honors.

Early life[link]

Black was born as Karen Blanche Ziegler in Park Ridge, Illinois, in suburban Chicago, the daughter of Elsie Mary (née Reif), a writer of several prize-winning children's novels, and Norman Arthur Ziegler.^[1][2] Her paternal grandfather was Arthur Charles Ziegler, a classical musician and the first violinist for the Chicago Symphony Orchestra.^[3] Her sister is actress Gail Brown. Black is of German, Bohemian (Czech), and Norwegian descent.^[4] She attended Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, for two years, having commenced university studies in 1954, aged 15.^[5] She then moved to New York where she appeared in a number of Off-Broadway productions, as well as moonlighting on the female professional wrestling circuit.

Career[link]

Karen Black with fan, Hollywood Celebrity and Collectors Show on February 21, 2008

Black began her film career in 1959 with a small role in The Prime Time.^[6] She wrote and sang the theme song and supporting songs for The Pyx (1973).^[7] In 1970, Black appeared as Rayette, the waitress girlfriend of Jack Nicholson, in the film Five Easy Pieces, for which she was nominated for an Academy Award.

She starred as Nancy Pryor, the stewardess who is forced to fly the plane, in the disaster film Airport 1975. That same year, she played multiple roles in the televised anthology film Trilogy of Terror. The segments, all written by suspense writer Richard Matheson, were named after the women involved in the plot: a plain college professor who seduces a student ("Julie"), a pair of sisters who squabble over their father's inheritance ("Millicent and Therese"), and the lonely recipient of a cursed Zuni fetish that comes to life and pursues her relentlessly ("Amelia").

During the next two years, Black had leading roles for famed directors as an aspiring Hollywood actress in John Schlesinger's The Day of the Locust, as a country singer in Robert Altman's Nashville and as a kidnapper in what turned out to be Alfred Hitchcock's last film, Family Plot. She also co-starred with Bette Davis in a horror film, Burnt Offerings.

In April 2009, Black reunited with director Steve Balderson for Stuck! – an homage to film noir women-in-prison dramas, which co-starred Mink Stole, Pleasant Gehman and The Go-Go's Jane Wiedlin. Black stars also in John Landis' 2010 thriller, Some Guy Who Kills People.^[8] Later that year, Black appeared on Cass McCombs' song "Dreams-Come-True-Girl" from the album Catacombs.

Select filmography[link]

Personal life[link]

Black has been married four times, first to Charles Black from 1955 to 1962,^[9] then to Robert Burton, who played her student in the TV movie Trilogy of Terror, from April 18, 1973 to October 1974.^[10] Black was next married to actor and screenwriter L. M. Kit Carson on July 4, 1975 and subsequently divorced; their son is actor Hunter Carson. She married Stephen Eckelberry on September 27, 1987 and they remain married. They have an adopted daughter, Celine.^[10]

She has been a Scientologist since the 1970s^[11] and, despite some 2006 rumors to the contrary, she and her husband are still active.^[12]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Karen Black

• Karen Black at the Internet Movie Database
• Karen Black at the Internet Broadway Database
• Karen Black at the Internet Off-Broadway Database
• Karen Black at AllRovi
• Works by or about Karen Black in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
• Stuck! movie site
• Podcast interview March 2007
• Karen Black - The Terror Trap