Coordinates | 50°41′″N21°57′″N |
---|---|
company name | Intelsat, Ltd. |
company logo | |
company type | Private |
foundation | 1964 |
location | Luxembourg, Luxembourg |
owner | Madison Dearborn Partners, Apax Partners, Permira and |
industry | Satellite communication |
homepage | intelsat.com }} |
Intelsat, Ltd. is a communications satellite services provider.
Originally formed as International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (INTELSAT), it was—from 1964 to 2001—an intergovernmental consortium owning and managing a constellation of communications satellites providing international broadcast services.
, Intelsat operates a fleet of 52 communications satellites, which is the world's largest fleet of commercial satellites.
In 1973, the name was changed and there were 80 signatories. Intelsat provides service to over 600 Earth stations in more than 149 countries, territories and dependencies. By 2001, INTELSAT had over 100 members. It was also this year that INTELSAT privatized and changed its name to Intelsat.
Since its inception, Intelsat has used several versions (blocks) of its dedicated Intelsat satellites. INTELSAT completes each block of spacecraft independently, leading to a variety of contractors over the years. Intelsat’s largest spacecraft supplier is Space Systems/Loral, having built 31 spacecraft (as of 2003), or nearly half of the fleet.
thumb|left|Intelsat logo from 1998 to 2006The network in its early years was not as robust as it is now. A failure of the Atlantic satellite in the spring of 1969 threatened to stop the ''Apollo 11'' mission; a replacement satellite went into a bad orbit and could not be recovered in time; NASA had to resort to using undersea cable telephone circuits to bring Apollo's communications to NASA during the mission. Fortunately, during the Apollo 11 moonwalk, the moon was over the Pacific Ocean, and so other antennas were used, as well as INTELSAT III, which was in geostationary orbit of the Pacific.
Today, the number of Intelsat satellites, as well as ocean-spanning fibre-optic lines, allows rapid rerouting of traffic when one satellite fails. Modern satellites are more robust, lasting longer with much larger capacity.
Spacecraft operations are controlled through ground stations in Clarksburg, Maryland (USA), Hagerstown, Maryland (USA), Riverside, California (USA), and Fuchsstadt, Germany.
Intelsat was operating Intelsat Americas-7 (known formerly as Telstar 7 and now known as Galaxy 27) which experienced a several-day power failure on November 29, 2004. The satellite returned to service with reduced capacity.
NOTE: * "F" denotes "flight" version. Initial satellites at Intelsat were designed and manufactured as identical copies, where the flight number, for example Flight-2 (F-2) was used to differentiate individual satellites of the series.
** Titan upper stage failed to release.
{|border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |-bgcolor="#f7f7f7" !Name !Satellite type !Orbital location !Launch date !Launch vehicle !Payload
|- |Intelsat 18 |Orbital (Star-2 Bus 2.4) |180 East |1Q 2011 |Zenit-3SLB |40 C and 24 Ku |- |Intelsat 19 |SS/L-1300Space Systems/Loral (SS/L) |166 East |launch in 2012 |Zenit-3SL |unprecedented capacity to provide services for broadband, video and voice applications |- |Intelsat 20 |SS/L-1300Space Systems/Loral (SS/L) |68.5 East |launch in 2012 |Ariane-5ECA |28 C-band transponders, 46 Ku-band transponders |- |Intelsat 21 |Boeing Satellite Systems (BSS-702MP) |58 West |launch in 2012 |Proton-M Briz-M |40 C and 40 Ku |- |Intelsat 22 |Boeing Satellite Systems (BSS-702MP) |72 East |1Q 2012 |Zenit-3SL |48 C and 24 Ku and 18 UHF |- |Intelsat 23 |Orbital (Star-2 Bus 2.4) |53 West |2011 |Proton-M Briz-M |24 C and 15 Ku |}
, Intelsat has agreed to purchase one-half of the propellant payload that an MDA Corporation spacecraft satellite-servicing demonstration project would take to geostationary orbit. Catching up in orbit with four or five Intelsat communication satellites, a fuel load of of fuel delivered to each satellite would add somewhere between two and four years of additional service life. A near-end-of-life Intelsat satellite will be moved to a graveyard orbit above the geostationary belt where the refueling will be done, "without consequence" to the Intelsat business.
, the business model was still evolving. MDA "could ask customers to pay per kilogram of fuel successfully added to [each] satellite, with the per-kilogram price being a function of the additional revenue the operator can expect to generate from the spacecraft’s extended operational life."
The plan is that the fuel-depot vehicle would maneuver to several satellites, dock at the target satellite’s apogee-kick motor, remove a small part of the target spacecraft’s thermal protection blanket, connect to a fuel-pressure line and deliver the propellant. "MDA officials estimate the docking maneuver would take the communications satellite out of service for about 20 minutes."
Category:Intelsat Category:Companies established in 1964 Category:Companies of Bermuda Category:Communications satellite operators Category:Private equity portfolio companies Category:Apax Partners companies Category:Madison Dearborn Partners companies Category:Apollo Management companies Category:Economy of Riverside, California
ar:إنتل سات az:INТЕLSAT ca:Intelsat cs:Intelsat de:Intelsat es:Intelsat fa:اینتلست fr:Intelsat ko:인텔샛 it:INTELSAT ja:インテルサット pl:Intelsat ru:Intelsat pt:Intelsat sk:International Telecommunications Satellite Consortium fi:IntelsatThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
Intelsat 708 was a telecommunications satellite built by the American company Space Systems/Loral intended to be launched into a geostationary orbit and operated by Intelsat. It was destroyed during a launch failure on February 15, 1996, causing fatalities near the Xichang Satellite Launch Center at Xichang, People's Republic of China, and prompting political controversy around the world.
The Intelsat 708 satellite was to be launched aboard a Long March 3B rocket. This rocket failed at launch due to an engineering defect and crashed into a village near the launch site, which reportedly killed an unknown number of Chinese civilians and caused other damage. The nature and extent of the damage remain a subject of dispute; the Chinese government, through its official Xinhua news agency, initially reported that six people were killed and 57 injured.
Because Intelsat 708 contained sophisticated communications and encryption technology, and because portions of the debris were never located by the satellite's developers and may have been recovered by the government of People's Republic of China, Intelsat and the Clinton administration suffered criticism in the United States for allowing a possible technology transfer to China. (See also ITAR.) These concerns prompted an investigation by the U.S. Congress. In 2002, the United States Department of State charged Hughes Electronics and Boeing Satellite Systems with export control violations in connection with the failed launch of Intelsat 708 and the prior failed launch of the APSTAR II satellite.
Category:Chinese space program Category:Satellite launch failures Category:Space program fatalities Category:1996 in spaceflight
pl:Intelsat 708This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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