Wu 吳
← 229–280 →
The territories of Eastern Wu (in green), AD 262
Capital	Wuchang (222-229, 265-266) Jianye (229-265, 266-280)
Language(s)	Chinese
Religion	Taoism, Confucianism, Chinese folk religion
Government	Monarchy
Emperor
- 229 - 252	Sun Quan
- 252 - 258	Sun Liang
- 258 - 264	Sun Xiu
- 264 - 280	Sun Hao
Historical era	Three Kingdoms
- Establishment	229
- Sun Quan declares himself emperor	229
- Conquest of Wu by Jin	280
Population
-  est.	2,500,000
Currency	Chinese coin, Chinese cash

Eastern Wu,^[1] also known as Sun Wu, was one the three states competing for control of China during the Three Kingdoms period after the fall of the Han Dynasty. It was based in the Jiangnan (Yangtze River Delta) region of China. During its existence, its capital was at Jianye (建業; present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu), but at times it was also at Wuchang (武昌; present-day Ezhou, Hubei).^[2]

History[link]

During the final years of the Han Dynasty, the Wu region - in the south of the Yangtze River surrounding present-day Nanjing - was under the control of the warlord Sun Quan. Sun Quan succeeded his brother Sun Ce as the lord over the Wu region paying nominal allegiance to Emperor Xian of Han (who was, at that point, under the control of Cao Cao). Unlike his competitors, he did not really have the ambition to be Emperor of China. However, after Cao Pi of Cao Wei and Liu Bei of Shu Han each declared themselves emperor, Sun Quan decided to follow suit in 229, claiming to have founded the Wu Dynasty.

Sun Quan's long reign resulted in the stabilizing of the south. Wu and Shu had a military alliance, to defeat Wei in the north. Wu never managed to gain territory north of the Yangtze River, but Wei never managed to take territory south of the river.^[3]

Wu was finally conquered by the Jin Dynasty in 280, which marked the reunification of China at the end of the Three Kingdoms period.

A jar made within the Wu empire dated back to the Three Kingdoms period

Culture[link]

The culture of Eastern Wu was most solidified under the reign of Sun Quan (229-252). Migrations from the north and the needed settlement from the Shanyue barbarians made it possible for the increase in manpower, agriculture, and settling the lower most parts of Eastern Wu.^[4] Along with that, river transportation became a huge factor and flourished as Jiangnan and Zhedong canals were finished with construction. After the Battle of Xiaoting and during the invasions of Wu by Cao Pi in the 220's, Shu was able to reestablish their trade and relationships with the great Sun empire. Shu's cotton was a great influx for Wu, and the development of metal industries was greatly increased.^[5][6]

A banner with the reading "Eastern Wu".

The fact of inflation and economic problems still were in existence since the Han Dynasty.^[7] Sun Quan tried to start a currency of large coins manufactured by copper. Sun Quan also tried to prohibit private minting. This policy was exterminated in 246 due to ineffectiveness. ^[8][9]

Civil matters[link]

Personages with clerical or scholarly abilities had roles to play within the state, but the policies were more determined by those of military command and nobility.^[10] Every Wu army was in need of administrative support.^[11] According to Rafe de Crespigny:

Recognised as practical counsellors, regardless of their fighting prowess or their ability to command troops in the field.^[11]

Under the reign of Sun Quan, he needed a strong role of advisors and secretaries in order to keep his link of power in a maintained level. Sun Quan's prestige in dealing with hostiles and friendly relations called for the establishment of a controlled form of an imperial government for the empire of Wu. Sun Quan also created the opportunity for people residing within Wu to gain prestige and influence throughout the empire and the surrounding establishments with the duty of being an envoy.^[12]

Following the death of the Wei emperor Cao Pi in 226, Sun Quan strongly promoted his kingdom to focus on agriculture because the threat from Wei was lifted.^[13] However, Lu Xun suggested to Sun Quan that military commanders should become involved in the colonization of land. Sun Quan quickly accepted and he, along with his sons would execute the memorial presented by Lu Xun.^[14] However, around the years surrounding 240, Wu was under a severe famine phase and Sun Quan restrained Lu Xun's idea and refocused on agricultural works.^[15] In 234, when Zhuge Ke was in control of affairs in the south, he strongly ignored the colonization order and viciously ordered the agriculture factor, often starving enemies such as the Shanyue into submission.^[16]

Legacy[link]

An Eastern Wu green glaze pottery jar dated back to the Three Kingdoms period.

Under the rule of Wu, the Yangtze River Delta region, regarded in early history as a barbaric "jungle" developed into one of the commercial, cultural, and political centers of China. Within five centuries, during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, the development of southern China centered around Jiangnan had surpassed that of the north. The achievements of Wu marked the beginning of the cultural and political division between northern and southern China that would repeatedly appear in Chinese history well into modernity.^[17]

The island of Taiwan may have been first reached by the Chinese during the Three Kingdoms period.^[18][19] Contact with the native population and the dispatch of officials to an island named "Yizhou" (夷州) by the Wu navy might have been to Taiwan, but the location of Yizhou is open to dispute; some historians believe it was Taiwan, while others believe it was the Ryukyu Islands. Wu merchants also may have reached Southern Vietnam and Cambodia.^[20] Failed protection of Gongsun Yuan also was in existence when the latter rebelled against Wei. This was because of the waterway's difficulties. Such things costed Wu, and the achievements supposedly gained within Taiwan did not cover this problem and Sun Quan lost his vassal.^[21]

Later on in the Wu existence, the once great military was turned to an unimpressive military. It was most likely an easy task to take Hefei from Wei, but Wu could not do so. Since the 230's, this task was made harder due to the "New City".^[22] One of the greatest failures to accomplish something later on in Wu's reign was during 255 and during the last few years of the 250's. When Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin rebelled against Wei, Wu promised to help the two in Shouchun. However, the Wu forces never made it in time before the rebellion was quashed by Sima Shi and the Wei forces. When Zhuge Dan launched a massive full-scale rebellion, the Wu forces suffered a great defeat as they lent a great quantity of manpower to Zhuge Dan's cause. Shouchun was quickly regained by Wei under Sima Zhao's command.^[23]

During the Conquest of Shu by Wei in 263, Wu could not fully lend support to their allies due to a revolt in Vietnam.^[24]

The decline of Wu was long in existence since the death of Lu Xun in 245 and the death of Sun Quan in 252. Sun Quan's successors could do little for the empire. Zhuge Ke was assassinated by Sun Jun after a failed invasion of Hefei following the Wu victory over an invading Wei force at Dongxing.^[25] Ding Feng, also ended up killing Sun Chen under orders from Sun Xiu. Corruption plagued Wu, and led to an easy downfall from the Jin empire.

List of territories[link]

List of sovereigns[link]

Gallery[link]

• 

  Jar with modeled figurines from Eastern Wu, 222-280 CE, Shanghai Museum.

• 

  Funeral Urn

• 

  Eastern Wu green glaze pottery jar (top)

• 

  Eastern Wu green glaze pottery jar (top)

• 

  Wu banner

• 

  Sun Quan statue

• 

  Sun Quan Tang

• 

  Sun Quan and his brother Sun Ce

• 

  SunQuan MeihuaShan

See also[link]

• Shu Han
• Cao Wei
• Three Kingdoms
• List of people of the Three Kingdoms
• Timeline of the Three Kingdoms period
• Romance of the Three Kingdoms
• Records of the Three Kingdoms

Notes[link]

References[link]

Vanness Wu (traditional Chinese: 吳建豪; simplified Chinese: 吴建豪; pinyin: Wú Jiànháo; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ngô Kiàn-hô) is a American-born Taiwanese actor, singer, director, producer based in Asia. He was born on August 7, 1978 in Santa Monica, California and worked as a telemarketer before moving to Taiwan. Wu is a strong Christian as stated on his Facebook page: "Christ's Servant first, Entertainer second.".^[1], and takes part in to the popular Christian movement called the Moral Revolution^[2], which emphasizes the importance of sexual intercourse only within marriage; which Wu supports.^[3]

Biography[link]

Wu worked in a telephone company in Los Angeles upon graduating from highschool. He then moved to Taiwan shortly afterwards "searching for more to life" (as stated on his facebook page). Wu starred as Mei Zuo (美作), one of the F4 members, in Taiwanese drama series Meteor Garden. At the conclusion of the series, they continued to perform together and released three studio albums as boy band F4. In 2002, Wu was the second F4 member, after Vic Chou, to release his debut solo album, Body Will Sing. The track, "我討厭我自己" (I Hate Myself) is listed at number 95 on Hit Fm Taiwan's Hit Fm Annual Top 100 Singles Chart (Hit-Fm年度百首單曲) for 2002.^[4] The album was awarded one of the Top 10 Selling Mandarin Albums of the Year at the 2002 IFPI Hong Kong Album Sales Awards, presented by the Hong Kong branch of IFPI.^[5]

He has also collaborated with Korean singer Kangta to produce one album, Scandal and is featured on singles by Beyoncé and Coco Lee. Wu has directed two music videos from his second album V.DUBB, as well as a video for Nike's "This is Love" campaign in Hong Kong. He was also executive producer with Terry Tye Lee on the Nike track, "She's Not Sorry."

Wu has appeared in several Taiwanese drama both with and without other members of F4, and has starred in three motion pictures. In 2009, Vanness starred in Autumn's Concerto along with Ady An and Tiffany Hsu, who starred in the MV of "Reason" from Wu's first Japanese album.In 2011, Vanness starred in Material Queen, otherwise known as 拜金女王 with Lynn Hung [熊黛林].

In 2011 Van Ness Wu’s comeback album C'est La "V" to be released this July under Universal Music Taiwan.

His current Hit single: Is This All feat. Ryan Tedder of OneRepublic (written and composed by Ryan Tedder, theme song from TV Drama “Material Queen”)

Filmography[link]

Television series[link]

Filmography[link]

^{[6] [7] [8]}

Books[link]

• Daydreamer - autobiography
• With F4
  • F4@Tokyo - 2005 photobook
  • Comic Man - The First Anniversary of F4 - 2002 photobook
  • Meteor In Barcelona - 2002 photobook
  • F4 Music Party - 2001 photobook

Concerts[link]

• 2010 APAHM Concert - Seattle, Washington & New York
• 2008 F4 Japan Tour-Yokohama, Tokyo, Osaka
• 2008 Murakami Contemporary Art Exhibition-Geisai Museum, Tokyo Japan.
• 2007 Vanness Wu 1st Solo Concert in Malaysia-Van Ness Wu Live in Genting 2007
• 2007 Vanness Wu 2nd Solo Concert in Japan-My Kingdom
• 2006 Vanness Wu 1st Solo Concert in Japan-Vandalism in Tokyo
• F4 Forever 4 - March 22–25, 2006 Hong Kong
• F4 Bangkok Fantasy - 2004 Thailand
• F4 Happy New Year 2004 - 2003 Philippines
• The Event (with Ken and ASOS) - 2003 Philippines
• Fantasy F4ever Live Concert World Tour - 2002~2003 Taiwan, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, China, U.S.
• F4 Music Party - 2001 Taiwan

Discography[link]

Studio album[link]

Singles[link]

With Kangta & Vanness[link]

2006 - Scandal - Kangta & Vanness Collaboration

Other collaborations[link]

• Beyoncé Knowles - "Crazy in Love" (Asian releases only) [2004]
• Coco Lee - "Hip Hop Tonight" [2006]
• Brian Joo - "Everything to Me" [2010] - 3rd Wave Music - I WILL BE THERE Album - www.3rdwavemusic.org
• Sammi Cheng - "Forgiveness" (In both English and Chinese) [2010]
• Lee Junho - "Undefeated" [2012] (M/V)

Endorsements[link]

• MP3 Recorder Walkman
• Siemens 2118
• Legend Computers (China region)
• Mingle Shoes (China region)
• Lu Piao Shampoo (China region)
• Samuel & Kevin
• Bicowave & Bicogirl
• Pepsi' - 2002~2005 Taiwan, Hong Kong, China
• YAMAHA' - 2003 South East Asia

Other Ventures[link]

3.V.0.7.[link]

After having dabbled in a few ventures with friends, from clothing to a shoe store, night club to record company, movie productions to talent agency. Now finally comes something that Vanness has always loved doing but never really had the chance of getting real hands on, until now- jewelry.

He has always been drawing/designing but finally has met the right people to help put the visuals into solid form.

Smash and Grab[link]

Smash and Grab was Co-Founded by Van Ness Wu in 2006 and is an up and coming broad-based entertainment company. They specialize in the creation, production, distribution, licensing and marketing of all types of entertainment and its business. Smash and Grab is leading the way in the entertainment industry. From music production and recording in there private Studio, to music videos, television, feature films, home video/DVD, books, product and brand licensing. Smash and Grab is formed by a group of young artists all with different entertainment backgrounds. They are a leading up and coming entertainment company working throughout Asia. www.sagprod.com

Machi[link]

Machi is a rap/hip hop record label which Vanness has also invested in. Based in Taiwan Machi was founded by music producer Jae Chong and Jeffrey Huang. www.machi.cc

References[link]

External links[link]

• Vanness Wu official website
• Vanness Wu's Official Blog
• Vanness Wu's WuJianHao blog
• Vanness Wu's Japan Official Website
• MV Junho/Van Ness Wu, 不敗 (Bubai)/Unbeatable

This article contains Chinese text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters.

Wu Chun
Wu Chun at Super Hot autograph-singing event on 18 September 2010
Chinese name	吳尊 (Traditional)
Chinese name	吴尊 (Simplified)
Pinyin	Wú Zūn (Mandarin)
Pe̍h-ōe-jī	Gô͘ Kiat-chun (Hokkien)
Birth name	Goh Kiat Chun (吴吉尊)
Ethnicity	Han
Born	(1979-10-10) 10 October 1979 (age 32) Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
Occupation	singer, actor, spokesperson, model
Genre(s)	Mandopop
Instrument(s)	Drums, percussion
Voice type(s)	bass
Label(s)	HIM International Music (Taiwan)(2006-2011) WOW Music (HK)(2006-2011) Pony Canyon (Japan)(2006-2011) Fulong Stars (2011-Present)
Years active	2005–present
Associated acts	Fahrenheit

Wu Chun (Chinese: 吳尊; traditional Chinese: 吳尊; pinyin: Wú Zūn) was born on 10 October 1979,^[1] birth name Goh Kiat Chun, is a Brunei-born Taiwanese actor, singer, former model and gym instructor.

Wu was a member of Taiwanese Mandopop vocal quartet boy band Fahrenheit from its debut in 2005 to June 2011. He was the last and oldest member to join the boy band and was the bass vocalist of the group. HIM International Music, the group's record label, announced in an official statement on 22 June 2011 that Wu left Fahrenheit to concentrate on his acting career and also to spend more time with his family.^[2]

Wu also starred in many Taiwanese drama such as Hanazakarino Kimitachihe, Romantic Princess, Hot Shot and Tokyo Juliet.

Biography[link]

Wu studied at the Chung Hwa Middle School in Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei. He graduated from the RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia, with a bachelor's degree in business administration. He also played for Brunei's national basketball team.^[3]

Prior to joining Fahrenheit, Wu worked as a model for Yilin in Taiwan and Diva Models in Singapore. He manages a family-owned gym club^[4] in Brunei. As of August 2007, Wu is appointed chairman of Palm Garden Hotel and its neighbouring multi-story Fitness Zone centre in Brunei. For his effort and success, Wu was awarded the Young Entrepreneur of the Year award in Brunei during the Asia Pacific Entrepreneurship Awards in August.

On 5 October 2010, it was announced that Wu will play "Night Tenjo" in a live-action adaptation of Japanese manga series Absolute Boyfriend, with Korean actress Ku Hye Sun as "Riiko Izawa".^[5] However on 3 May 2011, Jiro Wang was reported to have replaced Wu as male lead after he pulled out of the project.^[6]

Discography[link]

As a member of Fahrenheit Wu Chun has released 4 studio Mandarin albums and 3 Japanese singles. He was the last to join Fahrenheit. His publicized temperature is that of cool autumn, at 59 degrees Fahrenheit.

Filmography[link]

Films[link]