in Sacramento, California.]]

Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 0-6-0 represents the wheel arrangement of no leading wheels, six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles, and no trailing wheels.

Other equivalent classifications are: UIC classification: C (also known as German classification and Italian classification) French classification: 030 Turkish classification: 33 Swiss classification: 3/3

In the UIC classification popular in Europe, the same arrangement is written as C (if the wheels are coupled with rods or gears) or Co (if they are independently driven).

Overview

Because they lack leading wheels (sometimes called guiding axles) at the front, 0-6-0 locomotives are not stable at high speed, so are mostly used on trains where high speed is unnecessary. But the lack of unpowered axles means that locomotives of this type have all their weight pressing down on their driving wheels, and consequently such locomotives have high tractive efforts and factors of adhesion, making them comparatively strong engines for their size, weight and fuel consumption.

Since they can pull heavy trains, albeit slowly, the 0-6-0 wheel arrangement was (and to some degree still is) commonly seen on switching (shunting) locomotives the world over. By comparison, the smaller 0-4-0 type proved not to be large enough for locomotives of sufficient power to be versatile, while 0-8-0 and larger switching locomotives were too big to be economical or even usable on lightly-built railways such as dockyards and goods yards, precisely the sorts of places where switching locomotives were most needed. Between these two extremes, the 0-6-0 proved to be a "sweet spot" that provided a good balance of power, versatility and economy.

Outside of switching, the 0-6-0 type was also used to pull freight and passenger trains on trips where high speed was not required, including suburban passenger services and pickup goods freight trains along branch lines.

Australia

In New South Wales, the Z19 class was a tender type with this arrangement.

New Zealand

The 0-6-0 design was restricted to tank engines. The Hunslet-built M class of 1874 and Y class of 1923 provided 7 examples, however the F class built between 1872 and 1888 was the most prolific, with 88 examples, with 8 preserved examples.

Continental Europe

scale model of a Finnish Vr1 type 0-6-0 tank locomotive from 1914 with outside cylinders.]] All the major continental Europe railways also 0-6-0s of one sort or another, though usually not in the proportions used in the United Kingdom. As in the United States, European 0-6-0 locomotives were largely restricted to switching and station pilot duties, though they were also widely used on short branch lines to pull passenger and freight trains. On most branch lines though, larger, more powerful tank engines tended to be favoured.

United Kingdom

" 0-6-0 steam locomotive, used in Finland from 1869 well into the 1920's, preserved at the Finnish Railway Museum]] In the United Kingdom, 0-6-0 tank locomotives were the most common locomotive type on all railways throughout the twentieth century. All of the Big Four companies to emerge from the Grouping used them in vast numbers. The Great Western Railway in particular had many of the type, most characteristically in the form of the pannier tank locomotive that remained in production well past Nationalisation in 1948. Equally popular for all but the heaviest freight work was the 0-6-0 tender locomotive which was built and used by virtually every railway company in the country from the mid-19th to the mid-20th century. The ultimate British 0-6-0 was the Q1 "Austerity" type developed by the Southern Railway during the Second World War to haul very heavy freight trains. It was the most powerful steam 0-6-0 design produced in Europe.

When diesel shunters began to be introduced, the 0-6-0 type became the most common. Many of the British Railways shunter types were 0-6-0s, including Class 03, the standard 'light' shunter, and Class 08 and Class 09, the standard heavier shunters.

United States

In the United States, huge numbers of 0-6-0 locomotives were produced, the majority of them being used as switchers. The USRA 0-6-0 was the smallest of the USRA Standard classes designed and produced during the brief government control of the railroads through the USRA during World War I. 255 of them were built and ended up in the hands of about two dozen US railroads; in addition, many of them (and others) built numerous copies after the war. The Pennsylvania Railroad rostered over 1,200 0-6-0 types over the years, which were classed as type B on that system. US 0-6-0s were generally tender locomotives.

Military usage during the Second World War

During the Second World War no fewer than 514 USATC S100 Class 0-6-0 tank engines were built by the Davenport Locomotive Works for use by the United States Army Transportation Corps in both Europe and North Africa. Some of these remained in service long after the war, having been purchased or otherwise adopted by the countries where they were used, including Austria, Egypt, France, Iraq, the United Kingdom and Yugoslavia. The fourteen engines purchased by the Southern Railway in 1946 remained in service well into the 1960s. Designed to be extremely strong but easy to maintain, these engines had a very short wheelbase that allowed them to operate on dockyard railways. At this time Switzerland coverted some 0-6-0 shunting engines into electric-steam locomotives.

Inside cylinders

The first 0-6-0 with inside cylinders was built for the Leicester and Swannington Railway in 1834. Although inside cylinders were more difficult to build and maintain, and, in the early days, prone to breakage of the crank axles, the engines were more stable than their outside-cylindered counterparts. The design was so successful that it was the basic pattern for many goods engines over the next hundred years. The cramped space between the wheels was a factor in the choice of a wider gauge in some railways overseas.

In fiction

In The Railway Series, there are 5 steam locomotives and 4 diesel locomotives who have this configuration: Thomas, Toby, Duck, Donald and Douglas, Diesel, and Mavis (as well as Arry and Bert in the TV series).

External links

Building a 1/8 scale Live Steam 0-6-0 locomotive This site includes a full 1914 factory drawing of a Finnish 0-6-0 switcher.

See also

USATC S100 Class - A class of 0-6-0 built by American manufacturers for use in Europe during World War II

6,0-6-0

Playername	Roger Federer
Caption	Wimbledon 2009
Country
Residence	Wollerau, Switzerland
Datebirth	August 08, 1981
Placebirth	Basel, Switzerland
Height
Weight
Turnedpro	1998
Plays	Right-handed (one-handed backhand)
Careerprizemoney	US$61,060,358
Singlesrecord	748–174 (81.03%)
Singlestitles	67 (4th in overall rankings in Open era)
Highestsinglesranking	No. 1 (2 February 2004)
Currentsinglesranking	No. 2 (18 October 2010)
Australianopenresult	W (2004, 2006, 2007, 2010)
Frenchopenresult	W (2009)
Wimbledonresult	W (2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009)
Usopenresult	W (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008)
Othertournaments	Yes, but lost to Samuel Travis Bayda 6-0 7-5
Masterscupresult	W (2003, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2010)
Olympicsresult	SF ()
Doublesrecord	114–74 (60.6%)
Doublestitles	8
Othertournamentsdoubles	yes
Grandslamsdoublesresults	yes
Australianopendoublesresult	3R (2003)
Frenchopendoublesresult	1R (2000)
Wimbledondoublesresult	QF (2000)
Usopendoublesresult	3R (2002)
Olympicsdoublesresult	Gold Medal ()
Highestdoublesranking	No. 24 (9 June 2003)
Updated	7 November 2010}}

}} Roger Federer (born 8 August 1981) is a Swiss professional tennis player who held the ATP number one position for a record 237 consecutive weeks. As of 9 January 2011, he is ranked World No. 2 by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). Many sports analysts, tennis critics, former and current players consider Federer to be the greatest tennis player of all time.

Federer has won a male record 16 Grand Slam singles titles. He is one of seven male players to capture the career Grand Slam and one of three (with Andre Agassi and Rafael Nadal) to do so on three different surfaces (clay, grass and hard courts). Federer has appeared in an unprecedented 22 career Grand Slam finals. He holds the record of reaching the semi-finals or better of 23 consecutive Grand Slam tournaments over five and a half years from the 2004 Wimbledon Championships through the 2010 Australian Open. Federer also holds the record of reaching 10 consecutive Grand Slam finals and appeared in 18 of 19 over four and a half years from the 2005 Wimbledon Championships through the 2010 Australian Open, excluding the 2008 Australian Open. Federer has won a record 5 ATP World Tour Finals (shared with Ivan Lendl and Pete Sampras) and 17 ATP Masters Series tournaments. He also won the Olympic Gold Medal in doubles with his compatriot Stanislas Wawrinka at the 2008 Summer Olympic Games. He has been year-end top 2 in the rankings, 8 years in a row (2003–2010).

As a result of Federer's successes in tennis, he was named the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year for a record four consecutive years (2005–2008). He is often referred to as The Federer Express or abbreviated to Fed Express,

Childhood and personal life

Federer was born in Binningen, near Basel, to Swiss national Robert Federer and South African-born Lynette Du Rand. He holds both Swiss and South African citizenships. He grew up in suburban Münchenstein, near Basel, close to the French-German borders and Federer speaks Swiss German, German, French and English fluently. He was raised as a Roman Catholic and met Pope Benedict XVI while playing the 2006 Internazionali BNL d'Italia tournament in Rome. Like all male Swiss citizens, Federer was subject to compulsory military service in the Swiss Armed Forces. However, in 2003 he was deemed unfit due to a long-standing back problem and was subsequently not required to fulfill his obligations.

Marriage and family

Federer is married to former Women's Tennis Association player Mirka Vavrinec. They met while competing for Switzerland in the 2000 Sydney Olympics. Vavrinec retired from the tour in 2002 because of a foot injury and has since been working as Federer's public relations manager. They were married in Basel on 11 April 2009, surrounded by a small group of close friends and family at Wenkenhof Villa (municipality of Riehen). On 23 July 2009, Mirka gave birth to twin girls, Myla Rose and Charlene Riva.

Outreach and charitable efforts

Federer supports various charities. He established the Roger Federer Foundation in 2003 to help disadvantaged people and to promote sports. In 2005, he auctioned his racquet from his US Open championship to aid victims of Hurricane Katrina. He was appointed a Goodwill Ambassador by UNICEF in 2006. At the 2005 Pacific Life Open in Indian Wells, Federer arranged an exhibition involving several top players from the ATP tour and WTA tour called Rally for Relief. The proceeds from the event went to the victims of the tsunami caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake . Since then, he has visited South Africa and Tamil Nadu, one of the areas in India most affected by the tsunami. He has also appeared in UNICEF public messages to raise public awareness of AIDS. In response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake, Federer responded by arranging a collaboration with fellow top tennis players Rafael Nadal, Novak Djokovic, Andy Roddick, Kim Clijsters, Serena Williams, Lleyton Hewitt and Sam Stosur to forgo their final day of preparation for the 2010 Australian Open to form a special charity event called Hit for Haiti, in which all proceeds will go to the Haiti earthquake victims. He was named as a 2010 Young Global Leader by the World Economic Forum in recognition of his leadership, accomplishments and contributions to society.

Similar to the 2010 event, Hit for Haiti, another charity match will take place in 2011 before the Australian Open to benefit the 2010-2011 Queensland floods. The event will be called Rally for Relief.

Tennis career

Pre-1998: Junior years

Federer's main accomplishment's as a junior player came at Wimbledon, where he won both the singles tournament over Irakli Labadze 6–4, 6–4 and in doubles teamed up with Olivier Rochus, in which they defeated the team of Michaël Llodra and Andy Ram 6–4, 6–4. In addition, Federer lost the US Open Junior tournament in 1998 to David Nalbandian in 3–6, 5–7. He won four other ITF junior singles tournaments in his career, including the prestigious Orange Bowl where he defeated Guillermo Coria 7–5, 6–3 in the finals. He ended 1998 as the junior World Number One.

1998–2002: Early career in the ATP

Roger Federer's first tournament as a professional was Gstaad in 1998, which he faced Lucas Arnold Ker in the Round of 32, and he lost 4–6, 4–6. Federer's first final came at the Marseille Open, which was in 2000, and he lost to fellow Swiss Marc Rosset 6–2, 3–6, 6–7(5). Federer won in 2001 the Hopman Cup representing Switzerland, with Martina Hingis. Federer's first win was at the 2001 Milan Indoor tournament, which he defeated Julien Boutter by a score of 6–4, 6–7(7), 6–4. In addition, Federer won his first Master Series event at the 2002 Hamburg Masters on clay in 6–1, 6–3, 6–4 over Marat Safin; the victory made him a top-10 player for the first time. From 1998 to 2002, Federer made six finals in doubles. Of note are Federer and partner Max Mirnyi's defeat in the final of the Indian Wells Masters in 2002, and their victory in the same year in the final of the Rotterdam 500 series event. Federer had won the latter the year earlier with partner Jonas Björkman. Federer won his first and only doubles Masters Series 1000 Event in Miami with Max Mirnyi, and made it to one singles Masters Series 1000 Event in Rome on clay, which he lost. Federer defeated the 2001 US Open champion, Lleyton Hewitt, at the US Open for his first title there 6–0, 7–6(3), 6–0. Federer would also take four ATP Masters Series 1000 wins: Indian Wells, Miami, and Cincinnati (on hard court) and Hamburg (on clay). Federer defeated Nadal in the Wimbledon Championships final 6–0, 7–6(5), 6–7(2), 6–3, which was the start of their storied rivalry. In the Australian Open, Federer defeated Marcos Baghdatis 5–7, 7–5, 6–0, 6–2 Federer made five ATP Masters Series 1000 finals, but won only in Hamburg and Madrid. Federer was defeated by Nadal in two Grand Slam finals, at the French Open 6–1, 6–3, 6–0 and at Wimbledon 6–4, 6–4, 6–7(5), 6–7(8), 9–7, when he was going for six straight wins to break Björn Borg's record.

In 2009, Federer won two Grand Slam singles titles, which were the French Open over Robin Söderling 6–1, 7–6(1), 6–4 and the Wimbledon Championships over Andy Roddick 5–7, 7–6(6), 7–6(5), 3–6, 16–14. Federer reached two other Grand Slam finals, losing to Nadal at the Australian Open 7–5, 3–6, 7–6(3), 3–6, 6–2 and to Juan Martín del Potro at the US Open 3–6, 7–6(5), 4–6, 7–6(4), 6–2. In the final, Federer defeated Andy Murray 6–3, 6–4, 7–6(11), whom he also beat in the 2008 US Open final. Federer was just one week away from equalling Pete Sampras's record of 286 weeks as World No. 1. This is the first time since 2001 that Federer has entered Wimbledon having won only one title for the year. In a big surprise, Federer lost in the quarter final to Tomáš Berdych 6–4, 3–6, 6–1, 6–4, and fell to World No. 3 in the rankings for the first time in nearly seven years, but he did win his 200th grand slam match in the first round. At the 2010 U.S. Open, Federer reached the semifinals, avenging his French Open loss to Söderling in the quarterfinals. Federer lost a five-set match to number three seed and 2008 Australian Open champion Novak Djokovic 7–5, 1–6, 7–5, 2–6, 5–7. At the Cincinnati Masters, Federer won his first title in eight months as he became the first player since Agassi to retain the title, as he beat Fish in the final. He also equaled Agassi for the number of Masters wins at 17 and tied Borg's mark for number of total titles won and moved to just one behind Sampras. His next appearance was in Shanghai, where he lost to Andy Murray for the second time this year in a Masters' Series final. Towards the middle of July, Federer hired Pete Sampras' old coach Paul Annacone to put his tennis game and career on the right path on a trial period basis. Federer won two straight titles at the Stockholm Open a ATP-250 level event, and in Basel, an ATP-500 level contest, which brought his tally to 65 career titles, equalling and surpassing Pete Sampras' total of 64 titles on the ATP Tour. Lastly, Federer won the Year-End Championships (now known as the World Tour Finals) by beating rival Rafael Nadal, for his fifth title at the event. He showed much of his old form, beating all contenders except Nadal in straight sets. After hiring Paul Annacone as his coach, Federer has entered nine tournaments, won five of them, was runner up in two, and reached the semifinals of the other two. Since Wimbledon 2010, Federer has a win loss record of 34-4, and has had multiple match points in two of his losses: to Novak Djokovic in the semifinal of the US Open, and Gael Monfils in the semifinal of the Paris Masters. Federer did not play in the 2010 Davis Cup. Also Roger Federer said, " I don't know why other sports don't have technology because it improves the game"

At the start of the 2011 season, Federer beat Nikolay Davydenko 6-3 6-4 to win the Qatar ExxonMobil Open without dropping a set. It was his third title in Doha following wins in 2005 and 2006. His next tournament will be the 2011 edition of the Australian Open.

Rivalries

Federer vs. Nadal

Federer and Nadal have been playing each other since 2004, and their rivalry is a significant part of both men's careers.

They held the top two rankings on the ATP Tour from July 2005 until 14 September 2009, when Nadal fell to World No. 3 (Andy Murray became the new No. 2). They are the only pair of men to have ever finished four consecutive calendar years at the top. Federer was ranked number 1 for a record 237 consecutive weeks beginning in February 2004. Nadal, who is five years younger, ascended to No. 2 in July 2005 and held this spot for a record 160 consecutive weeks before surpassing Federer in August 2008.

Nadal leads their head-to-head 14–8. Because tournament seedings are based on rankings, 18 of their matches have been in tournament finals, including an all-time record 7 Grand Slam finals. From 2006 to 2008 they played in every French Open and Wimbledon final, and then they met in the 2009 Australian Open final. Nadal won five of the seven, losing the first two Wimbledons. Three of these matches were five set-matches (2007 and 2008 Wimbledon, 2009 Australian Open), and the 2008 Wimbledon final has been lauded as the greatest match ever by many long-time tennis analysts. They have also played in a record 9 Masters Series finals, including their lone five hour match at the 2006 Rome Masters which Nadal won in a fifth-set tiebreak.

Until 14 September 2009, when Juan Martín del Potro beat Nadal in the US Open semi-final on his way to defeating Federer in the final itself, no player had beaten both Nadal and Federer in the same Grand Slam. Nadal has not lost a French Open (5) final, while Federer was undefeated in US Open finals until losing to del Potro (5). Both have won Grand Slam events on three different surfaces successively (2008 French Open, 2008 Wimbledon, 2009 Australian Open for Nadal and 2008 US Open, 2009 French Open, 2009 Wimbledon for Federer).

Federer vs. Nalbandian

David Nalbandian was Federer's biggest rival earlier in his career. Both players had an outstanding junior career, Federer won the Wimbledon junior title and Nalbandian won the US Open junior title (beating Federer). Even though Federer has a narrow advantage against Nalbandian, leading their meetings 10–8, Nalbandian beat Federer in their first five meetings after turning professional. Their td. impressive match was in the 2005 Shanghai Tennis Master Cup, where Nalbandian came back from being two sets to love down against Federer and ultimately prevailed in a fifth set tiebreak. The loss stopped An 81–3 win/loss rally that had he won, would've tied Federer with John Mcenroe's 82-3 record, set in 1984. Nalbandian, Lleyton Hewitt and Andy Murray share the record of having beaten Federer 8 times, only Rafael Nadal has more victories over Federer.

Federer vs. Djokovic

These two have met 19 times with Federer leading 13–6. The rivalry between the two is not as intense as Federer's rivalry with Nadal. Djokovic is the only player besides Nadal to have defeated Federer more than once in a Grand Slam tournament since 2004.

Federer vs. Murray

These two have met 14 times, all hard courts, with Murray leading 8–6. Federer has won each of their Grand Slam matches (2008 US Open. and 2010 Australian Open.), but Murray leads 5–1 in ATP 1000 tournaments. They have met three times in the ATP World Tour Finals, with Murray winning in 2008 and Federer in 2009 and 2010. Apart from Nadal, Murray is the only other current top ten player to have a positive head to head record against Federer.

Playing style

Federer's versatility was summarised by Jimmy Connors: "In an era of specialists, you're either a clay court specialist, a grass court specialist, or a hard court specialist...or you're Roger Federer."

Federer is an all-court, all-round player known for his fluid style of play and shot making. Federer mainly plays from the baseline but is also comfortable at the net being one of the best volleyers in the game today. He has a very effective smash and very effectively performs rare elements in today's tennis, such as backhand smash, half-volley and jump smash (slam dunk). David Foster Wallace described Federer's exceptional speed, fluidity and brute force of this forehand motion as "a great liquid whip", while John McEnroe has referred to Federer's forehand as "the greatest shot in our sport". Federer plays with a single-handed backhand which gives him great variety. He employs the slice, occasionally using it to lure the opponent to the net and pass him. Federer can also fire topspin winners and possesses a 'flick' backhand where he can generate pace with his wrist; this is usually used to pass the opponent at the net. however, he is capable of serving at 220 km/h (137 mph). and used this tactic especially frequently in his early career. His speciality is a half-volley from the baseline which enables him to play very near to the baseline and to pick up balls (even deeper ones) very early after their bounce, thus giving his opponents less time to react on his shot. Recently, Federer has also added the drop shot to his game and utilizes a well-disguised one off of both wings. He can also use the between-the-legs shot, as was shown in the semifinals of the 2009 US Open against Novak Djokovic, bringing him match point. Also, recently, he tends to chip and charge, with mixed results.

Equipment, apparel, endorsements

Federer currently plays with a customised Wilson Six.One Tour BLX tennis racquet, which is characterised by its smaller hitting area of 90 square inches, heavy strung weight of 12.5 ounces, and thin beam of 17 millimeters. His grip size is 4 3/8 inches (sometimes referred to as L3). Federer strings his racquets at 24 to 28 kilograms (52.9 to 61.7 pounds) tension utilizing Wilson Natural Gut 16 gauge for his main strings and Luxilon Big Banger ALU Power Rough 16L gauge (polyester) for his cross strings.

Federer is one of the highest earning athletes in the world. He has a contract with Nike footwear and apparel. For the 2006 championships at Wimbledon, Nike designed a jacket emblazoned with a crest of three tennis racquets, symbolising the three Wimbledon Championships he had previously won, and which was updated the next year with four racquets after he won the Championship in 2006. In Wimbledon 2008 and again in 2009, Nike continued this trend by making him a personalised cardigan. He also has his own logo, an R and F joined together. Federer endorses Gillette, Jura, a Swiss-based coffee machine company, as well as Mercedes Benz and NetJets. Federer also endorses Rolex watches, although he was previously an ambassador for Maurice Lacroix. Also in 2009 Federer became brand ambassador for Swiss chocolate makers Lindt. In 2010 his endorsement by Mercedes-Benz China was extended into a global Mercedes-Benz partnership deal.

Grand Slam performance timeline

''To prevent confusion and double counting, information in this table is updated only after the player's participation in the tournament has concluded.

A result of "A" means that the player did not play at the event.

A result of "LQ" means that the player lost in the qualifying rounds of the tournament.

;Finals (16 titles, 6 runner-ups) {| class="sortable wikitable" |- | style="width:100px;"|Outcome |width="50"|Year | style="width:200px;"|Championship |width="75"|Surface | style="width:200px;"|Opponent in the final | style="width:200px;"|Score in the final |- style="background:#cfc;" | style="background:#98fb98;"|Winner || 2003 || Wimbledon (1) || Grass || Mark Philippoussis ||7–6(5), 6–2, 7–6(3) |- style="background:#ffc;" | style="background:#98fb98;"|Winner || 2004 || Australian Open (1) || Hard || Marat Safin || 7–6(3), 6–4, 6–2 |- style="background:#cfc;" | style="background:#98fb98;"|Winner || 2004 || Wimbledon (2)|| Grass || Andy Roddick ||4–6, 7–5, 7–6(3), 6–4 |- style="background:#ccf;" | style="background:#98fb98;"|Winner || 2004 || US Open (1) || Hard || Lleyton Hewitt || 6–0, 7–6(3), 6–0 |- style="background:#cfc;" | style="background:#98fb98;"|Winner || 2005 || Wimbledon (3) || Grass || Andy Roddick || 6–2, 7–6(2), 6–4 |- style="background:#ccf;" | style="background:#98fb98;"|Winner || 2005 || US Open (2) || Hard || Andre Agassi || 6–3, 2–6, 7–6(1), 6–1 |- style="background:#ffc;" | style="background:#98fb98;"|Winner || 2006 || Australian Open (2) || Hard || Marcos Baghdatis || 5–7, 7–5, 6–0, 6–2 |- style="background:#ebc2af;" | style="background:#ffa07a;"|Runner-up || 2006 || French Open (1) || Clay|| Rafael Nadal || 6–1, 1–6, 4–6, 6–7(4) |- style="background:#cfc;" | style="background:#98fb98;"|Winner || 2006 || Wimbledon (4) || Grass || Rafael Nadal || 6–0, 7–6(5), 6–7(2), 6–3 |- style="background:#ccf;" | style="background:#98fb98;"|Winner || 2006 || US Open (3) || Hard || Andy Roddick ||6–2, 4–6, 7–5, 6–1 |- style="background:#ffc;" | style="background:#98fb98;"|Winner || 2007 || Australian Open (3) || Hard || Fernando González || 7–6(2), 6–4, 6–4 |- style="background:#ebc2af;" | style="background:#ffa07a;"|Runner-up ||2007 || French Open (2) || Clay || Rafael Nadal || 3–6, 6–4, 3–6, 4–6 |- style="background:#cfc;" | style="background:#98fb98;"|Winner || 2007 || Wimbledon (5)|| Grass || Rafael Nadal || 7–6(7), 4–6, 7–6(3), 2–6, 6–2 |- style="background:#ccf;" | style="background:#98fb98;"|Winner || 2007 || US Open (4) || Hard || Novak Djokovic || 7–6(4), 7–6(2), 6–4 |- style="background:#ebc2af;" | style="background:#ffa07a;"|Runner-up || 2008 || French Open (3) || Clay || Rafael Nadal || 1–6, 3–6, 0–6 |- style="background:#cfc;" | style="background:#ffa07a;"|Runner-up || 2008 || Wimbledon (1) || Grass || Rafael Nadal || 4–6, 4–6, 7–6(5), 7–6(8), 7–9 |- style="background:#ccf;" | style="background:#98fb98;"|Winner || 2008 || US Open (5) || Hard || Andy Murray || 6–2, 7–5, 6–2 |- style="background:#ffc;" | style="background:#ffa07a;"|Runner-up || 2009 || Australian Open (1) || Hard || Rafael Nadal || 5–7, 6–3, 6–7(3), 6–3, 2–6 |- style="background:#ebc2af;" | style="background:#98fb98;"|Winner || 2009 || French Open (1) || Clay || Robin Söderling || 6–1, 7–6(1), 6–4 |- style="background:#cfc;" | style="background:#98fb98;"|Winner || 2009 || Wimbledon (6) || Grass || Andy Roddick || 5–7, 7–6(6), 7–6(5), 3–6, 16–14 |- style="background:#ccf;" | style="background:#ffa07a;"|Runner-up || 2009 || US Open (1) || Hard || Juan Martín del Potro || 6–3, 6–7(5), 6–4, 6–7(4), 2–6 |- style="background:#ffc;" | style="background:#98fb98;"|Winner || 2010 || Australian Open (4) || Hard || Andy Murray ||6–3, 6–4, 7–6(11) |}

Year-End Championship performance timeline

;Finals (5 titles, 1 runner-up)

{| class="sortable wikitable" |width="100"|Outcome |width="50"|Year |width="200"|Championship |width="75"|Surface |width="200"|Opponent in the final |width="200"|Score in the final |-bgcolor="ffffcc" | bgcolor="98FB98"|Winner || 2003 || Houston || Hard || Andre Agassi || 6–3, 6–0, 6–4 |-bgcolor="ffffcc" | bgcolor="98FB98"|Winner || 2004 || Houston || Hard || Lleyton Hewitt || 6–3, 6–2 |-bgcolor="ffffcc" | bgcolor="FFA07A"|Runner-up || 2005 || Shanghai || Carpet (i) || David Nalbandian || 7–6(4), 7–6(11), 2–6, 1–6, 6–7(3) |-bgcolor="ffffcc" | bgcolor="98FB98"|Winner || 2006 || Shanghai || Hard (i) || James Blake || 6–0, 6–3, 6–4 |-bgcolor="ffffcc" | bgcolor="98FB98"|Winner || 2007 || Shanghai || Hard (i) || David Ferrer || 6–2, 6–3, 6–2 |-bgcolor="ffffcc" | bgcolor="98FB98"|Winner || 2010 || London || Hard (i) || Rafael Nadal || 6–3, 3–6, 6–1 |}

Olympic games

;(1 gold medal) {| class="sortable wikitable" |- | style="width:100px;"|Outcome |width="50"|Year | style="width:200px;"|Championship |width="75"|Surface | style="width:95px;"|Partner | style="width:100px;"|Opponents | style="width:200px;"|Score in the final |- style="background:gold;" | style="background:#98fb98;"|Winner || 2008 | Beijing | Hard | Wawrinka | Aspelin Johansson | 6–3, 6–4, 6–7(4), 6–3 |}

Records

These records were attained in the Open Era of tennis.

Records in bold indicate peer-less achievements.

Records in italics are currently active streaks.

{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" border="1" |- ! Time Span ! Selected Grand Slam Records ! Players Matched |- | Wimbledon 2003 — Australian Open 2010 || 16 titles || Stands alone |- | US Open 2008 — Australian Open 2010 || Career Grand Slam || Rod Laver Andre Agassi Rafael Nadal |- | Wimbledon 2003 — Australian Open 2010 || 22 finals || Stands alone |- | Wimbledon 2005 — US Open 2007 || 10 consecutive finals || Stands alone |- | Wimbledon 2004 — Australian Open 2010 || 23 consecutive semi-finals ||Stands alone |- | Wimbledon 2004 — U.S. Open 2010 || 26 consecutive quarter-finals ||Stands alone |- | 2006 — 2007 || 2 consecutive years winning 3+ titles || Stands alone |- | 2004 & 2006 — 2007 || 3 years winning 3+ titles || Stands alone |- | 2004 — 2007 || 4 consecutive years winning 2+ titles || Stands alone |- | 2004 — 2007 & 2009 || 5 years winning 2+ titles || Stands alone |- | 2003–2010 || 8 consecutive years winning 1+ title || Björn Borg Pete Sampras |- | Wimbledon 2003 — Australian Open 2006 || First 7 finals won ||Stands alone |- | Australian Open 2004 — US Open 2010 || 7 consecutive years winning 20+ matches || Ivan Lendl |- | US Open 2006 — French Open 2007 || 36 consecutive sets won || Stands alone |- | US Open 2007 || 35 consecutive service points won || Stands alone |- | US Open 2007 || $2.4 million earned at one event || Stands alone |- | Wimbledon 2009 || 50 aces in a final || Stands alone |- | French Open 2004 — Wimbledon 2008 || 18 consecutive No. 1 seeds || Stands alone |}

{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" border="1" |- ! Grand Slam ! Time Span ! Records At Each Grand Slam ! Players Matched |- | Australian Open || 2004–2010 || 4 titles overall || Andre Agassi |- | Australian Open || 2004 — 2010 || 4 titles in 7 years || Stands alone |- | Australian Open || 2004–2007 || 3 titles in 4 years || Andre Agassi |- | Australian Open || 2006–2007 || 2 consecutive titles || Ken Rosewall Guillermo Vilas Johan Kriek Mats Wilander Stefan Edberg Ivan Lendl Jim Courier Andre Agassi |- | Australian Open || 2004–2010 || 5 finals overall || Stefan Edberg |- | Australian Open || 2004 — 2010 || 7 consecutive semi-finals || Stands alone |- | Australian Open || align=center|2007 || Won without dropping a set || Ken Rosewall |- | French Open || 2006–2009 || 4 consecutive finals || Björn Borg Ivan Lendl Rafael Nadal |- | French Open || 2006–2008 || 3 runner-ups || Guillermo Vilas |- | French Open || 2006 — 2008 || 3 consecutive runner-ups || Stands alone |- | French Open || 2005 — 2009 || 5 consecutive semi-finals || Stands alone |- | Wimbledon || 2003–2007 || 5 consecutive titles || Björn Borg |- | Wimbledon || 2003–2009 || 7 finals overall || Boris BeckerPete Sampras |- | Wimbledon || 2003 — 2009 || 7 consecutive finals || Stands alone |- | Wimbledon || 2003 — 2009 || 7 consecutive semi-finals || Stands alone |- | U.S. Open (Tennis)|U.S. Open || 2004–2008 || 5 titles overall || Jimmy ConnorsPete Sampras |- | U.S. Open || 2004 — 2008 ||5 consecutive titles || Stands alone |- | U.S. Open || 2004 — 2009 ||40 consecutive match victories || Stands alone |}

{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" border="1" |- ! Time Span ! Other Selected Records ! Players Matched |- | 2 February 2004 — 17 August 2008 || 237 consecutive weeks at No.1 || Stands alone |- | October 2003 — January 2005 || 26 consecutive match victories vs. top 10 opponents || Stands alone |- | 2005–2006 || 56 consecutive hard court match victories|| Stands alone |- | 2003–2008 || 65 consecutive grass court match victories || Stands alone |- | 2003–2005 || 24 consecutive tournament finals won || Stands alone |- | 2006 || 94.12% of tournament finals reached in 1 season || Stands alone |- | 2005–2006 || 2-season match winning percentage of 95.05% || Stands alone |- | 2004–2006 || 3-season match winning percentage of 94.27% || Stands alone |- | 2004–2007 || 4-season match winning percentage of 92.92% || Stands alone |- | 2003–2010 || 5 ATP World Tour Finals titles|| Ivan LendlPete Sampras |- | 2007 || $10 million earned in a season || Rafael Nadal |- | 2002–2010 || 29 Masters 1000 finals reached || Stands alone |- | 2005–2006 || 29 consecutive Masters 1000 match victories || Stands alone |- | 2004–2008 || 2 consecutive Olympic games as wire-to-wire No. 1 || Stands alone |- | 2005–2007 || 3 consecutive calendar years as wire-to-wire No. 1|| Stands alone |- | 2005–2007 || 3 calendar years as wire-to-wire No. 1 || Jimmy Connors |}

See also

Roger Federer career statistics

List of career achievements by Roger Federer

List of Grand Slam Men's Singles champions

List of male tennis players

Switzerland Davis Cup team

2008 Summer Olympics national flag bearers

References and notes

Further reading

Video

Wimbledon Classic Match: Federer vs Sampras Standing Room Only, DVD Release Date: 31 October 2006, Run Time: 233 minutes, ASIN: B000ICLR98.

Wimbledon 2007 Final: Federer vs. Nadal (2007) Kultur White Star, DVD Release Date: 30 October 2007, Run Time: 180 minutes, ASIN: B000V02CU0.

Wimbledon — The 2008 Finals: Nadal vs. Federer Standing Room Only, DVD Release Date: 19 August 2008, Run Time: 300 minutes, ASIN: B001CWYUBU.

External links

Official Site

Portrait Of The Champion -- Roger Federer

Roger Federer Foundation

Profiles

Category:1981 births Category:Living people Category:Australian Open (tennis) champions Category:French Open champions Category:Wimbledon champions Category:United States Open champions (tennis) Category:Laureus World Sports Awards winners Category:Olympic gold medalists for Switzerland Category:Olympic tennis players of Switzerland Category:People from Basel-City Category:Swiss-German people Category:Swiss people of South African descent Category:Swiss Roman Catholics Category:Swiss tennis players Category:Tennis players at the 2000 Summer Olympics Category:Tennis players at the 2004 Summer Olympics Category:Tennis players at the 2008 Summer Olympics Category:UNICEF people Category:World No. 1 tennis players Category:Male tennis players

Playername	Míchel Salgado
Fullname	Miguel Ángel Salgado Fernández
Dateofbirth	October 22, 1975
Cityofbirth	As Neves
Countryofbirth	Spain
Height
Currentclub	Blackburn Rovers
Clubnumber	27
Position	Right back
Youthyears1	| youthclubs1 = Cristo Victoria
Youthyears2	| youthclubs2 = Celta Vigo
Years1	1994–1995 | clubs1 = Celta B | caps1 = 20 | goals1 = 0
Years2	1995–1999 | clubs2 = Celta Vigo | caps2 = 92 | goals2 = 3
Years3	1996–1997 | clubs3 = → Salamanca (loan) | caps3 = 36 |goals3 = 1
Years4	1999–2009 | clubs4 = Real Madrid | caps4 = 254 | goals4 = 4
Years5	2009– | clubs5 = Blackburn Rovers | caps5 = 42 | goals5 = 0
Nationalyears1	1994 | nationalteam1 = Spain U18 | nationalcaps1 = 7 | nationalgoals1 = 0
Nationalyears2	1995 | nationalteam2 = Spain U19 | nationalcaps2 = 2 | nationalgoals2 = 0
Nationalyears3	1995 | nationalteam3 = Spain U20 | nationalcaps3 = 5 | nationalgoals3 = 1
Nationalyears4	1996–1998 | nationalteam4 = Spain U21 | nationalcaps4 = 10 | nationalgoals4 = 0
Nationalyears5	1998–2006 | nationalteam5 = Spain | nationalcaps5 = 53 | nationalgoals5 = 0
Pcupdate	14:30, 11 January 2011 (UTC)

Miguel Ángel "Míchel" Salgado Fernández (born 22 October 1975) is a Spanish footballer who plays for Blackburn Rovers in the Premier League as a right-back.

Nicknamed Il Due (two in Italian), he is known for his combative tackling and attacking play. Attesting to his aggressive style, Salgado's former Real Madrid – where he spent an entire decade, after excellent displays at Celta de Vigo – teammate Steve McManaman once described him as "the hardest person in the world....a genuine psychopath, even in training."

During nearly ten years, Salgado - who appeared in 343 La Liga games, scoring seven goals - represented the Spanish national team, collecting more than 50 caps and appearing in one UEFA European Football Championship and one FIFA World Cup.

Club career

Celta

Born in As Neves, Pontevedra, Galicia, Salgado began his professional career with hometown's Celta de Vigo, making his first division debut on 22 January 1995, in a 0–4 loss at Real Madrid. He served a second division loan spell at UD Salamanca, before eventually becoming first-choice.

Whilst at Celta, Salgado was involved in an incident with Atlético de Madrid's Juninho Paulista, in February 1998; after a dangerous challenge that went unbooked, the Brazilian playmaker was sidelined for six months, and missed that year's FIFA World Cup.

Real Madrid

In 1999, Salgado was snapped up by Real Madrid, for €11,000,000, appearing in 29 league contests in his first season, while also helping the club win the season's UEFA Champions League. He was the capital side's starter during his first seven seasons, but was relegated to the bench by former Sevilla FC youngster Sergio Ramos in the 2006–07 season.

Salgado was still able to contribute with 16 games for the merengues' 30th national title, mainly due to injuries to Pepe, with Ramos being relocated to centre back. In the following two seasons, he played very rarely (only 17 matches combined), being sent off in the final game of the 2008–09 season, a 1–2 loss at CA Osasuna, on 31 May 2009, as Madrid slumped to a fifth consecutive league defeat.

Salgado was released by Real Madrid with the club already midway in its pre-season for the 2009–10 season, in early August 2009.

Blackburn Rovers

Aged nearly 34, Salgado moved to Blackburn Rovers of the Premier League on 19 August 2009, signing a two-year deal after impressing manager Sam Allardyce whilst on trial at the Ewood Park club. He went on to say he was happy to be playing for Blackburn, intending to retire at the club.

Salgado made his first-team debut against Wolverhampton Wanderers as a second-half substitute, on 12 September (3–1 home win). On 27 October 2009, he scored his first goal for Rovers, against Peterborough United in the League Cup. On 11 January 2011, Salgado said that he wanted to sign a new one-year deal and extend his stay at Ewood Park beyond the season's end.

International career

Salgado won the first of his 53 caps for Spain on September 5, 1998, in an infamous 2–3 loss in Cyprus for the UEFA Euro 2000 qualifiers, and was part of the nation's squads at Euro 2000 and the 2006 FIFA World Cup, starting in the former and being backup in the latter, to Real Madrid teammate Ramos.

Due to last-minute injuries, he missed out on the 2002 World Cup and Euro 2004, and also represented the autonomous Galician team.

Statistics

Club

|- |1994/95||rowspan="2"|Celta||rowspan="2"|La Liga||14||0||||||||||||||14||0 |- |1995/96||18||0||||||||||||||18||0 |- |1996/97||Salamanca||Segunda División||36||1||||||||||||||36||1 |- |1997/98||rowspan="3"|Celta||rowspan="3"|La Liga||25||0||||||||||||||25||0 |- |1998/99||35||3||||||||||||||35||3 |- |1999/00||1||0||||||||||||||1||0 |- |1999/00||rowspan="10"|Real Madrid||rowspan="10"|La Liga||29||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||17||0||46||0 |- |2000/01||27||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||11||0||38||1 |- |2001/02||35||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||14||0||50||0 |- |2002/03||35||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||16||1||51||1 |- |2003/04||35||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||10||0||46||1 |- |2004/05||28||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||9||0||37||2 |- |2005/06||27||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||5||0||33||0 |- |2006/07||16||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0||17||0 |- |2007/08||8||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0||13||0 |- |2008/09||9||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0||10||0 |- |2009/10||rowspan="2"|Blackburn||rowspan="2"|Premier League||21||0||1||0||4||1||colspan="2"|-||26||1 |- |2010/11||21||0||1||0||0||0||0||0||22||0 378||8||7||0||colspan="2"|-||86||1||470||9 42||0||2||0||4||1||colspan="2"|-||48||1 405||8||7||0||4||1||86||1||503||10 |}

International

|- |1998||3||0 |- |1999||9||0 |- |2000||5||0 |- |2001||0||0 |- |2002||5||0 |- |2003||10||0 |- |2004||8||0 |- |2005||8||0 |- |2006||5||0 |- !Total||53||0 |}

Honours

Real Madrid:

*UEFA Champions League: 1999–00, 2001–02

*Intercontinental Cup: 2002

*UEFA Super Cup: 2002

*La Liga: 2000–01, 2002–03, 2006–07, 2007–08

*Supercopa de España: 2001, 2003, 2008

Spain U21:

*European Under-21 Championship: 1998

Personal life

Salgado is married to Malula Sanz, daughter of former Real Madrid president Lorenzo Sanz.

References

External links

Blackburn Rovers profile

Real Madrid profile

BDFutbol profile

National team data

FootballDatabase profile and stats

Short bio at El Correo Gallego

Category:1976 births Category:Living people Category:Galician people Category:Galician sportspeople Category:Spanish footballers Category:Association football defenders Category:La Liga footballers Category:Celta de Vigo footballers Category:UD Salamanca footballers Category:Real Madrid C.F. players Category:Premier League players Category:Blackburn Rovers F.C. players Category:Spain under-21 international footballers Category:Spain international footballers Category:UEFA Euro 2000 players Category:2006 FIFA World Cup players Category:Spanish expatriate footballers Category:Expatriate footballers in England

Playername	Martina Navratilova
Country
Residence	Sarasota, Florida
Datebirth	October 18, 1956
Placebirth	Prague, Czechoslovakia
Height
Weight
Turnedpro	1975
Retired	2006
Plays	Left-handed; one-handed backhand
Careerprizemoney	US$21,626,089(5th in all-time rankings)
Tennishofyear	2000
Tennishofid	martina-navratilova
Singlesrecord	1,442–219 (86.8%)
Singlestitles	167 (all-time record for men or women)
Highestsinglesranking	No. 1 (July 10, 1978)
Australianopenresult	3W (1981, 1983, 1985)|
Frenchopenresult	2W (1982, 1984)|
Wimbledonresult	9W (1978, 1979, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1990)|
Usopenresult	4W (1983, 1984, 1986, 1987)
Othertournaments	Yes
Wtachampionshipsresult	8W (1978, 1979, 1981, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986(1), 1986(2))
Doublesrecord	747–143 (83.9%)
Doublestitles	177 (all-time record for men or women)
Highestdoublesranking	No. 1 (September 10, 1984)
Grandslamsdoublesresults	Yes
Australianopendoublesresult	8W (1980, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989)
Frenchopendoublesresult	7W (1975, 1982, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988)
Wimbledondoublesresult	7W (1976, 1979, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1986)
Usopendoublesresult	9W (1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1984, 1986, 1987, 1989, 1990)
Othertournamentsdoubles	Yes
Wtachampionshipsdoublesresult	11W (1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986(2), 1987, 1988, 1989, 1991)
Mixed	Yes
Mixedtitles	15
Australianopenmixedresult	1W (2003)
Frenchopenmixedresult	2W (1974, 1985)
Wimbledonmixedresult	4W (1985, 1993, 1995, 2003)
Usopenmixedresult	3W (1985, 1987, 2006)
Updated	July 5, 2009

Martina Navratilova (born October 18, 1956) is a Czech American and former Czechoslovak tennis player and a former World No. 1. Billie Jean King said about Navratilova in 2006, "She's the greatest singles, doubles and mixed doubles player who's ever lived."

Navratilova won 18 Grand Slam singles titles, 31 Grand Slam women's doubles titles (an all-time record), and 10 Grand Slam mixed doubles titles. She reached the Wimbledon singles final 12 times, including 9 consecutive years from 1982 through 1990, and won the women's singles title at Wimbledon a record 9 times. She and King each won 20 Wimbledon titles, an all-time record. Navratilova is one of just three women to have accomplished a career Grand Slam in singles, women's doubles, and mixed doubles (called the Grand Slam "boxed set") a record she shares with Margaret Court and Doris Hart. She holds the open era record for most singles titles (167) and doubles titles (177). She recorded the longest winning streak in the open era (74 consecutive matches) and three of the six longest winning streaks in the women's open era. Navratilova, Margaret Court, and Maureen Connolly share the record for the most consecutive Grand Slam singles titles (six). Navratilova reached 11 consecutive Grand Slam singles finals, second all-time to Steffi Graf's 13. In women's doubles, Navratilova and Pam Shriver won 109 consecutive matches and won all four Grand Slam titles in 1984. Also the pair set an all time record of 79 titles together and tied Louise Brough Clapp's and Margaret Osborne duPont's record of 20 Grand Slam women's doubles titles as a team.

Originally from Czechoslovakia, she was stripped of her citizenship when, in 1975 at the age of 18, she asked the United States for political asylum and was granted temporary residency. At the time, Navratilova was being told by the Czechoslovakian Sports Federation that she was becoming too Americanized and that she should go back to school and make tennis secondary. Navratilova became a US citizen in 1981, but on January 9, 2008, she had her Czech citizenship restored. She stated she has not renounced her American citizenship nor does she plan to do so and that the restoration of her Czech citizenship was not politically motivated.

Navratilova is a member of the Laureus World Sports Academy. She also serves the Health and Fitness Ambassador for AARP in an alliance created to help AARP's millions of members lead active, healthy lives.

Early life and tennis career

Navratilova was born Martina Šubertová in Prague, Czechoslovakia. Her parents divorced when she was three, and in 1962 her mother Jana married Miroslav Navrátil, who became her first tennis coach. Martina then took the name of her stepfather (adding the feminine suffix "ová"), thus becoming Martina Navrátilová (). Her father Mirek remarried and divorced. When she was eight, he committed suicide. In 2008, Navratilova's mother died of emphysema, aged 75. Navratilova has a sister, Jana, and an older paternal half-brother.

In 1972 at the age of 15, Navratilova won the Czechoslovakia national tennis championship. In 1973, aged 16, she made her debut on the United States Lawn Tennis Association professional tour but did not turn professional until 1975. She won her first professional singles title in Orlando, Florida in 1974 at the age of 17. Upon arriving in the United States, Navratilova first lived with former Vaudeville actress, Frances Dewey Wormser, and her husband, Morton Wormser, a tennis enthusiast.

Navratilova was the runner-up at two Grand Slam singles tournaments in 1975. She lost in the final of the Australian Open to Evonne Goolagong Cawley and in the final of the French Open to Chris Evert. After losing to Evert in the semifinals of that year's US Open, the 18-year-old Navratilova went to the offices of the Immigration and Naturalization Service in New York City and informed them that she wished to defect from Communist Czechoslovakia. Within a month, she received a green card.

Navratilova won her first Grand Slam singles title at Wimbledon in 1978, where she defeated Evert in three sets in the final and captured the World No. 1 ranking for the first time. She successfully defended her Wimbledon title in 1979, again beating Evert in the final, and retained her World No. 1 ranking. In 1981, Navratilova won her third Grand Slam singles title by defeating Evert in the final of the Australian Open. Navratilova also reached the final of the US Open, where she lost a third set tiebreak to Tracy Austin. Navratilova won both Wimbledon and the French Open in 1982.

After adopting basketball player Nancy Lieberman's exercise plan and using graphite racquets, Navratilova became the most dominant player in women's tennis. After losing in the fourth round of the first Grand Slam event of 1983, the French Open, she captured the year's three remaining Grand Slam titles (the Australian Open was held in December at that time). Navratilova's loss at the French Open was her only singles defeat during that year, during which she established an 86–1 record. Her winning percentage was the best ever for a post-1968 professional tennis player. During 1982, 1983, and 1984, Navratilova lost a total of only six singles matches.

Navratilova won the 1984 French Open, thus holding all four Grand Slam singles titles simultaneously. Her accomplishment was declared a "Grand Slam" by Philippe Chatrier, president of the International Tennis Federation. Many tennis observers, however, insisted that it was not a true Grand Slam because the titles had not been won in a single calendar year. Navratilova extended her Grand Slam singles tournament winning streak to a record-equalling six following wins at Wimbledon and the US Open. She entered the 1984 Australian Open with a chance of winning all four titles in the same year. In the semifinals, however, Helena Suková ended Navratilova's 74-match winning streak (a record for a professional) 1–6, 6–3, 7–5.

A left-hander, Navratilova won all four Grand Slam women's doubles titles in 1984, partnering right-handed Pam Shriver, a tall and talented player whose most noted stroke was a slice forehand, a shot virtually unheard of in the game today. This was part of a record 109-match winning streak that the pair achieved between 1983 and 1985. (Navratilova was ranked the World No. 1 doubles player for a period of over three years in the 1980s.) From 1985 through 1987, Navratilova reached the women's singles final at all 11 Grand Slam tournaments held during those three years, winning six of them. From 1982 through 1990, she reached the Wimbledon final nine consecutive times. She reached the US Open final five consecutive times from 1983 through 1987 and appeared in the French Open final five out of six years from 1982 through 1987.

17-year old German player Steffi Graf emerged on the scene in 1987 when she beat Navratilova in the final of the French Open. Navratilova defeated Graf in the 1987 Wimbledon and US Open finals (and at the US Open became only the third player in the open era to win the women's singles, women's doubles, and mixed doubles at the same event). Graf's consistent play throughout 1987, however, allowed her to obtain the World No. 1 ranking before the end of the year. Graf eventually broke Navratilova's records of 156 consecutive weeks and 331 total weeks as the World No. 1 singles player but did not break Navratilova's record 167 singles titles as Graf reached 107. In 1988, Graf won all four Grand Slam singles titles, beating Navratilova 5–7, 6–2, 6–1 in the Wimbledon final along the way.

In 1989, Graf and Navratilova met in the finals of both Wimbledon and the US Open, with Graf winning both encounters in three sets. Despite the age difference between the two players, Navratilova won 9 of the 18 career singles matches with Graf and 5 of the 9 Grand Slam singles matches with her. At age 34, Navratilova defeated Graf the last time they played in a Grand Slam event in the semifinals of the 1991 US Open 7–6(2), 6–7(6), 6–4.

Navratilova's final Grand Slam singles triumph was in 1990. In the final, the 33-year old Navratilova swept Zina Garrison 6–4, 6–1 to claim a record-breaking ninth Wimbledon singles crown. Though that was her last Grand Slam singles title, Navratilova reached two additional Grand Slam singles finals during the remainder of career. In 1991, she lost in the US Open final to the new World No. 1 Monica Seles after defeating Graf in a semifinal. And then in 1994, at the age of 37, Navratilova reached the Wimbledon final, where she lost in three sets to Conchita Martínez. Soon after, she retired from full-time competition on the singles tour. She was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2000.

In 2000, Navratilova returned to the tour to play doubles events, while rarely playing singles. In her first singles performance in eight years, at Eastbourne in 2002, she beat World No. 22 Tatiana Panova before losing in the next round to Daniela Hantuchová in three sets. In 2003, she won the mixed doubles titles at both the Australian Open and Wimbledon, partnering Leander Paes. This made her the oldest ever Grand Slam champion (aged 46 years, 8 months). The Australian Open victory made her the third player in history to complete a "boxed set" of Grand Slam titles by winning the singles, women's doubles, and mixed doubles at all four Grand Slam events. The Wimbledon win allowed her to equal Billie Jean King's record of 20 Wimbledon titles (in singles, women's doubles, and mixed doubles combined) and extended her overall number of Grand Slam titles to 58 (second only to Margaret Court, who won 62). Despite being criticized for receiving a wildcard, Navratilova won a singles match in straight sets at the first round of Wimbledon in 2004, aged 47 years and 8 months, to make her the oldest player to win a professional singles match in the open era. She then lost her second round match with Gisela Dulko in three sets.

On July 6, 2006, Navratilova played her last career match at Wimbledon, losing in the third round of mixed doubles to the eventual titleists, Israel's Andy Ram and Russia's Vera Zvonareva. Earlier that day, Navratilova lost her women's doubles quarterfinal match against Chinese fourth seeds Zi Yan and Jie Zheng, also the eventual titleists. Navratilova capped off her career by winning the mixed doubles title at the 2006 US Open with Bob Bryan, her 41st Grand Slam doubles title (31 in women's doubles and 10 in mixed doubles) and 177th overall. At the time, she was just over a month away from her 50th birthday.

Navratilova won 167 top-level singles titles (more than any other player in the open era) and 177 doubles titles. Her last title in women's doubles came on August 21, 2006, at the Tier I Rogers Cup in Montreal, Canada, where she partnered with Nadia Petrova. Navratilova won 18 Grand Slam singles titles: 9 at Wimbledon, 4 at the US Open, 3 at the Australian Open, and 2 at the French Open. Her overall record in 67 Grand Slam singles events was 306–49 .862 (120–14 at Wimbledon, 89–17 at the US Open, 51–11 at the French Open, and 46–7 at the Australian Open). She won at least one tour event for 21 consecutive years and won the singles and doubles at the same event a record 84 times. Her career singles match win total of 1,442 is the most during the open era.

In September 1992, Navratilova played Jimmy Connors in the third Battle of the Sexes tennis match at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas. Connors was allowed only one serve per point and Navratilova was allowed to hit into half the doubles court. Connors won 7–5, 6–2.

She played for the Boston Lobsters in the World TeamTennis pro league through the 2009 season.

Personal life

In 1981, shortly after becoming a United States citizen, Navratilova came out publicly about her sexual orientation. During the early 1980s, she was involved with author Rita Mae Brown. From 1984 to 1991, Navratilova had a long-term relationship with partner Judy Nelson. Their split in 1991 included a much-publicized legal wrangle. Navratilova was featured in a WITA (Women's International Tennis Association) calendar, shot by Jean Renard with her Wimbledon trophies and Nelson's children in the background.

In 1985, Navratilova released an autobiography, co-written with New York Times sports columnist George Vecsey, entitled Martina in the U.S. and Being Myself in the rest of the world. She had earlier co-written a tennis instruction book with Mary Carillo in 1982 entitled Tennis My Way. She later wrote three mystery novels with Liz Nickles: The Total Zone (1994), Breaking Point (1996), and Killer Instinct (1997). Navratilova's most recent literary effort was a health and fitness book entitled Shape Your Self, which came out in 2006.

On 7 April 2010, Navratilova announced that she was being treated for breast cancer. A routine mammography in January 2010 had revealed that she had a ductal carcinoma in situ in her left breast, which she was informed of in February, and in March she had a lumpectomy. In May 2010 she was due to start six weeks of radiation therapy.

In December 2010, Navratilova was hospitalized after developing high altitude pulmonary edema while attempting a climb of Mt. Kilimanjaro in Kenya.

Activism and politics

read the Declaration of Montreal at the opening ceremonies of the World Outgames.]]

When not playing tennis, Navratilova is involved with various charities that benefit animal rights, underprivileged children, and gay rights. She filed a lawsuit against Amendment 2, a 1992 ballot proposition in Colorado designed to deny gays and lesbians legal protection from discrimination. In the same year, she spoke before the National March on Washington for Gay and Lesbian Rights.

In 2000, she was the recipient of National Equality Award from the Human Rights Campaign, the nation's largest gay and lesbian activist/lobbying group.

A vegetarian, Navratilova has appeared in ad campaigns for People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. In an April 2006 interview however, she said she had recently begun eating fish again because she found it hard to get enough protein while on the road; this made her no longer a vegetarian, but a pescetarian; nevertheless in 2008 she claimed to be vegetarian.

She has spoken out on a number of volatile political issues, including tort/litigation reform, but perhaps her most consistent theme—aside from gay and lesbian rights—has been her unstinting opposition to Stalinism, and unrepentant opposition to the former Eastern Bloc power structure that she believes compelled her to flee her native Czechoslovakia. She has denounced the Soviet Union's control over Czechoslovakia, maintaining that she refuses to speak Russian to this day because of the Soviet Union's former hegemony over Eastern Europe.

"Whenever people go into politics and they try to say that Communism was a good thing, I say, 'Go ahead and live in a Communist country then, if you think it's so great.' "

Martina was quoted in 2007 as being ashamed of the US under President George W. Bush in comparing him to a communist.

Career statistics

Open era records

⁽¹⁾Chris Evert reached 34 non-consecutive Grand Slam singles semifinals from the 1971 US Open through the 1983 French Open, although she did not play 14 Grand Slam singles tournaments during that time.

Recognition

Tennis magazine has selected her as the greatest female tennis player for the years 1965 through 2005. Tennis historian and journalist Bud Collins has called Navratilova "arguably, the greatest player of all time."

Tennis writer Steve Flink, in his book The Greatest Tennis Matches of the Twentieth Century, named her as the second best female player of the 20th century, directly behind Steffi Graf.

I'm a Celebrity

In November 2008, Martina Navratilova appeared on Series 8 of I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here!; she finished runner-up to Joe Swash.

See also

Evert–Navratilova rivalry

Graf–Navratilova rivalry

List of Eastern Bloc defectors

References

Further reading

Video

Wimbledon 1978 Final – Navratilova vs. Evert (2003) starring: Chris Evert and Martina Navratilova, Standing Room Only, DVD Release Date: August 16, 2005, Run Time: 102 minutes, ASIN: B000A343R8

External links

Martina Navrátilová - official site

International Tennis Hall of Fame

BBC profile

ESPN.com article

outsports.com interview

Martina Navratilova's Health and Fitness Articles for AARP

Category:1956 births Category:Living people Category:American female tennis players Category:American sportspeople of Czech descent Category:Australian Open (tennis) champions Category:Cancer patients Category:Czech female tennis players Category:Czechoslovak defectors Category:Czechoslovak female tennis players Category:Czechoslovak immigrants to the United States Category:Eastern Bloc defectors Category:French Open champions Category:I'm a Celebrity…Get Me out of Here! contestants Category:Lesbian sportspeople Category:LGBT sportspeople from Czechoslovakia Category:LGBT sportspeople from the United States Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States Category:Olympic tennis players of the United States Category:People from Prague Category:People from Sarasota, Florida Category:Recipients of Medal of Merit (Czech) Category:Tennis commentators Category:International Tennis Hall of Fame inductees Category:Tennis people from Florida Category:Tennis players at the 2004 Summer Olympics Category:United States Open champions (tennis) Category:Wimbledon champions Category:World No. 1 tennis players

Nickname	El Gato
Playername	Gastón Norberto Gaudio
Country
Residence	Buenos Aires, Argentina
Datebirth	December 09, 1978
Placebirth	Temperley, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina
Height
Weight
Turnedpro	1996
Plays	Right-handed (one-handed backhand)
Careerprizemoney	$6,017,010
Singlesrecord	269–189
Singlestitles	8
Highestsinglesranking	No. 5 (25 April 2005)
Currentsinglesranking	No. 185 (21 June 2010)
Australianopenresult	3R (2002, 2005, 2006)
Frenchopenresult	W (2004)
Wimbledonresult	2R (2002, 2006)
Usopenresult	3R (2002, 2006)
Othertournaments	No
Masterscupresult	SF (2005)
Olympicsresult	1R (2000)
Doublesrecord	26–38
Doublestitles	3
Grandslamsdoublesresults	yes
Australianopendoublesresult	3rd (2004)
Frenchopendoublesresult	3rd (2004)
Wimbledondoublesresult	-
Usopendoublesresult	1st (2003, 2004)
Highestdoublesranking	No. 78 (June 14, 2004)
Updated	February 1, 2008

Gastón Norberto Gaudio (born December 9, 1978 in Temperley, Buenos Aires) is a professional tennis player from Argentina. His career-high ATP ranking was No. 5 in 2005. His most significant title win came in the 2004 French Open.

Gaudio is one of the most unpredictable players in the modern game, as he is capable of shotmaking especially with his single-handed backhand and dropshots.

Gaudio is a fan of Club Atlético Independiente football team. He learnt the game at the Temperley Lawn Tennis Club and his first coach was Roberto Carruthers. In addition to tennis Gaudio played football and rugby as a child and chose tennis to help out his parents financially when their business ran into economic problems.

Tennis career

Gaudio started playing tennis at the age of 6 and was ranked one hundred forty-five in the Argentine juniors behind Mariano Zabaleta. He turned professional in 1996 and in 1998 he won two ATP Challenger events in Santa Cruz, Bolivia over Luis Adrián Morejón and finished year by winning in Santiago defeating Karim Alami.

1999-2000

Gaudio won two consecutive Challengers in Nice and Espinho defeating Jacobo Díaz and Markus Hipfl respectively. Gaudio's first notable performance was when he reached the third round at the French Open as a qualifer, so he won 5 matches in total at the event, including coming back from two sets down to love in the second round against Bernd Karbacher to win 6–7(3) 4–6 6–3 6–1 6–4, then losing to world number 6 Àlex Corretja in the next round .

2000 saw Gaudio establish himself on the main tour and win his only challenger of the year in Braunschweig over countryman Franco Squillari 6–4 6–7(2) 6–4. In addition to his Challenger title, Gaudio made the semi finals in Auckland, Santiago and in his most impressive performance of the season, the Monte Carlo Masters where he defeated Marat Safin, Félix Mantilla, Julien Boutter and Juan Carlos Ferrero without dropping a set, before losing to Slovakia's Dominik Hrbatý in a tough 3-set match; 4-6, 7-5, 6-2. Gaudio also made the final of Stuttgart again playing against fellow Argentine Franco Squillari. Gaudio lost the final 6-2, 3-6, 4-6, 6-4, 6-2 despite having beaten his opponent soundly in the Gstaad quarterfinals and in the Braunschweig finals earlier in the year (both on clay) and leading Squillari 2 sets-1 in Stuttgart. Gaudio also represented Argentina in his first Olympic Games, losing to Vladimir Voltchkov of Belarus, 7-6(4), 4-6, 6-1 in the first round.

2001

Gaudio started his 2001 in poor fashion losing his first 4 matches of the season to Vladimir Voltchkov, future French Open finalist Andrei Medvedev, 3-time French Open winner Gustavo Kuerten, and, in his Davis Cup debut, Mexican Bruno Echagaray. Gaudio soon went back to his winning ways however, reaching the final of Viña del Mar, losing to bitter rival and countryman Guillermo Coria 4-6, 7-5, 6-2. Gaudio would avenge that defeat to Coria in a hard fought victory in the quarter finals of Buenos Aires, which involved both players making rude gestures and insulting each other regularly. After this victory Gaudio lost in the semi finals to José Acasuso 6-3, 7-6(6). In the American Hardcourt Swing after the 2001 Australian Open he made the quarter finals of the Miami Masters losing to 19th seed Jan-Michael Gambill 3-6, 7-5 6-4. Along the way Gaudio dismantled 5th seed Russian Yevgeny Kafelnikov 6-4, 6-1, a 3-time slam winner, and toughed out out a 3-set slugfest against future French Open winner and 12th seed Juan Carlos Ferrero 6-0, 3-6, 6-3. Although he did not manage to win his first title in 2001, Gaudio had some success, making a final, a semi and 4 quarter finals (1 0f them being the prestigious Miami Masters). In addition to this he helped Argentina return to the World Group after a perfect 5–0 record in his singles matches which were all played in Argentina on clay courts. The year wasn't great though; Gaudio lost a lot of early round matches and an astounding 12 first round matches, never making it past the first round of a slam. Because of his inability to win these early round matches Gaudio's ranking slipped from #34 at the beginning of the year to #48 at the end of 2001.

2002

Gaudio had a decent start to his 2002 campaign making the 3rd round of the Australian Open and the quarters of Indian Wells and the round of 16 at Miami. Continuing on from his successful Davis Cup debut, In 2002 Gaudio defeated Ivo Karlović in the fifth match to secure a semi final place for Argentina. Gaudio also won the first tournament of his career in Barcelona without dropping a set. Gaudio defeated world #1 and US Open champion Lleyton Hewitt in the semi finals and then dismissed Spaniard Albert Costa 6–4 6–0 6–2 in the final, who later that year won his only Grand Slam at the French Open. Gaudio followed up his maiden title with another in Barcelona by winning Majorca the next week where he defeated world #2 Gustavo Kuerten in the semi finals before defeating the Finn Jarkko Nieminen in the final 6–2 6–3.

Gaudio made the fourth round of the French Open losing to Juan Carlos Ferrero 6–7 6–1 6–7 6–2 6–4, while leading 4–1 in the final set and this inability to close out matches when in a winning position has been a constant fixture in his career. After Roland Garros Gaudio made the final in Gstaad and the semi finals in Kitzbühel losing on both occasions to Àlex Corretja. In the Davis Cup semi final against Russia Gaudio was leading 5–1 in the 5th set against Yevgeny Kafelnikov and had a match point which was overruled by umpire Jorge Dias in Kafelnikov's favour who then went on to take the set 8–6 and the match.

2003

There were no titles for Gaudio in 2003, but he was involved in two controversies, the first of them involved Guillermo Coria in the Hamburg Masters, where they were part of an all-Argentine semi final line up the others being David Nalbandian and Agustín Calleri. Gaudio and Coria played in one semi final and after Coria won the first set and then Gaudio won the second set. Coria took an injury timeout for cramps and then after the timeout, Coria, after breaking serve at the change of ends beats his left breast while staring at his opponent, which Gaudio took as an insult. Coria preceded to win the last 6–0 and was moving around the court without problems and there was allegedly a confrontation after the match in the locker room.

The other was the Davis Cup semi final against Spain in Málaga, where the two top players David Nalbandian and Guillermo Coria where unavailable due to injury. An out of form Gaudio was called up along with Agustín Calleri, Mariano Zabaleta and Lucas Arnold. Spain won 3–2, but Gaudio lost both of his matches easily to Juan Carlos Ferrero losing 14 games in a row in a 6–4 6–0 6–0 defeat and in the fifth match against Carlos Moyà 6–1 6–4 6–2 and was roundly criticised back in Argentina for these performances. "When I returned to Buenos Aires after playing Davis Cup in Moscow and Málaga, you had the impression it was my fault and that hurt me", he said.

2004

2004 started slowly for Gaudio and after reaching the final in Barcelona losing to Tommy Robredo in 5 sets and on the back of two victories in the World Team Cup over Martin Verkerk and Lleyton Hewitt. Gaudio came into the French Open ranked 44th and was unseeded for the tournament after defeating compatriot Guillermo Cañas over 2 days in 5 sets, then he won another 5 set match against Jiří Novák, then Thomas Enqvist, Igor Andreev and Lleyton Hewitt were dismissed on route to the semi finals, where three out of four semi finalists were Argentine and then defeated Nalbandian in 3 sets.

In the all-Argentine final Gaudio defeated Guillermo Coria 0–6 3–6 6–4 6–1 8–6 Gaudio became the first Argentine to win a Grand Slam since Guillermo Vilas, in 1979, the first man to win a Grand Slam after losing the first 6–0. He became the fifth lowest ranked player to win a Grand Slam, the first man in 70 years to win a Grand Slam saving match points in the final. Gaudio reached the top 10 in the ATP Entry rankings for the first time. Gaudio had achieved his childhood dream by winning Roland Garros and likened the match to a movie and did not know what was going on. Gaudio did not play Wimbledon and returned to tour in Båstad losing in the final to friend Mariano Zabaleta. He also made finals in Stuttgart and Kitzbühel and made his first appearance at the Tennis Masters Cup where he had 0–3 record.

2005

Gaudio consolidated his top 10 ranking in 2005, by winning 5 tournaments and his 42-8 on clay only second to Nadal. Gaudio and Coria were at the centre of another dispute at the World Team Cup where Gaudio said "Let's be truthful, this isn't a team, because there's someone who makes decisions choosing the best for himself. I can understand that a player gets tired and decides to rest before Paris. I also did so on Tuesday against the Czechs but not in the most important match of all. Coria and I were the best team and if we were a real team this wouldn't have happened."

He lost in fourth round of Roland Garros to David Ferrer after leading 4–0 in the 5th set and losing 6 consecutive games, when leading in the 5th set Gaudio said to Ferrer's coach at one point."Don't worry; I'm not going to win today". Gaudio also qualified again for the Tennis Masters Cup where he made the semi finals defeating Mariano Puerta and Fernando González and lost to Nikolay Davydenko in the round robin, before losing to Roger Federer 6–0, 6–0 in the semifinals.

2006

Gaudio was not able to keep up his level of play to the standards he set from mid 2004 to 2005. His best performances for 2006 have included semi finals in Acapulco and the Monte Carlo Masters and he finished the year ranked at 34. Ranked in the top ten, Gaudio started 2006 off well at the French Open, where he lost in the fourth round in four sets to Russia's Nikolay Davydenko . Gaudio lost at Wimbledon match to Irakli Labadze (a qualifier), and lost his 2006 US Open 3rd round match to Marc Gicquel.

2007

Gaudio started 2007 poorly and lost 8 consecutive matches stretching back to 2006 before recording a victory over Luis Horna who retired from the match with a strained hamstring, but Gaudio followed up with a conventional win against Juan Pablo Guzmán before losing to Juan Carlos Ferrero in the quarter finals of Acapulco. At the French Open in 2007, he won his first round match against Marc Gicquel (he lost to him the previous year) in five sets. He was to face Lleyton Hewitt, seeded 14, and won the first two sets 6–4, 6–3. However, Hewitt won the next three sets and thus the match 4–6, 3–6, 6–2, 6–4, 6–2. As a result, Gaudio's rank dropped to 99. In late 2007, Gaudio's ATP ranking had fallen to 180 in the world. During the second part of the year, he started to play clay court challenger events in Europe to attempt to rebuild his career, but he suffered an ankle injury while playing in the Napoli challenger.

2008-09

Gaudio came back in January 2008 at a Challenger Series event in Miami, Florida. He lost in the opening round 6–0, 6–3 to Kei Nishikori of Japan. Later in the month Gaudio continued his comeback attempt at the Movistar Open in Viña del Mar, Chile. Granted a wild card into the main draw of the tournament, Gaudio lost to Santiago Ventura 6–0, 6–3 in the first round.

In February 2009, Gaudio received a wild card into the main draw for the Buenos Aires tournament, an ATP World Tour 250 event in his home country. Gaudio lost to Daniel Gimeno Traver of Spain in the first round 6-2 4-6 6-2.

Gaudio received another wild card into the main draw in the Barcelona tournament, an ATP World Tour 500 event, where he won his first match on the world tour since the 2007 French Open by defeating Diego Junqueira of Argentina 6-4, 3-6, 6-4, before losing his second round match to Tommy Robredo 7-6, 6-1.

Gaudio won a tournament after almost four years at the Tunis Challenger. He beat Portuguese Frederico Gil 6-2, 1-6, 6-3 in the final. Gaudio was awarded a wild card into the first round of the 2009 French Open, where he was beaten by Czech Radek Štěpánek in the first round 6-3, 6-4, 6-1. Playing his first tournament since the US Open qualifying. In October Gaudio made the final of the Buenos Aires challenger losing to training partner Horacio Zeballos 6-2 3-6 6-3.

After finish the 2008 season without a ranking. Gaudio finished the 2009 season ranked at #167

2010

In an interview on the Argentine program Vertigo, Gaudio revealed that he had received psychiatric treatment for clinical depression during his time away from tennis After a poor start in 2010, Gaudio won the San Remo Challenger, defeating countryman Martín Vassallo Argüello 7-5, 6-0.

In an unlikely turn of events, Gaudio returned to the French Open to play in the qualifying where he was a Grand Slam winner just 6 years before. He posted an impressive victory over American Lester Cook in the first round but was taken out by Thiago Alves in straight sets in his next match.

Major finals

Grand Slam finals

Singles: 1 (1-0)

{| class="sortable wikitable" |width="80"|Outcome |width="50"|Year |width="200"|Championship |width="75"|Surface |width="200"|Opponent in the final |width="200"|Score in the final |-bgcolor="#EBC2AF" |bgcolor="98FB98"|Winner || 2004 || French Open || Clay || Guillermo Coria || 0–6, 3–6, 6–4, 6–1, 8–6 |}

Career finals

Singles: 15 (8-7)

;Wins (8) {| width=60% | valign=top width=40% align=left |

{| class="sortable wikitable" |- |width=50|No. |width=125|Date |width=250|Tournament |width=75|Surface |width=200|Opponent in the final |width=200|Score in the final |- bgcolor="#d0f0c0" |1. |22 April 2002 |Barcelona |Clay | Albert Costa |6–4, 6–0, 6–2 |- |2. |29 April 2002 |Majorca |Clay | Jarkko Nieminen |6–2, 6–3 |-bgcolor="#e5d1cb" | 3. |24 May 2004 |French Open, Paris |Clay | Guillermo Coria | 0–6, 3–6, 6–4, 6–1, 8–6 |- | 4. |31 January 2005 |Viña del Mar |Clay | Fernando González |6–3, 6–4 |- | 5. |7 February 2005 |Buenos Aires |Clay | Mariano Puerta |6–4, 6–4 |- | 6. |1 May 2005 |Estoril |Clay | Tommy Robredo |6–1, 2–6, 6–1 |- | 7. |4 July 2005 |Gstaad |Clay | Stanislas Wawrinka |6–4, 6–4 |- bgcolor="#d0f0c0" | 8. |31 July 2005 |Kitzbühel |Clay | Fernando Verdasco |2–6, 6–2, 6–4, 6–4 |}

;Runner-ups (7) {| class="sortable wikitable" |- |width=50|No. |width=125|Date |width=250|Tournament |width=75|Surface |width=200|Opponent in the final |width=200|Score in the final |- bgcolor="#d0f0c0" |1. | July 2000 |Stuttgart |Clay | Franco Squillari | 6–2, 3–6, 4–6, 6–4, 6–2 |- | 2. | 12 February 2001 | Viña del Mar | Clay | Guillermo Coria | 4–6, 6–2, 7–5 |- | 3. | 15 July 2002 | Gstaad | Clay | Àlex Corretja | 6–3, 7–6(3), 7–6(3) |- | 4. | 5 July 2004 | Båstad | Clay | Mariano Zabaleta | 6–1, 4–6, 7–6 |- bgcolor="#d0f0c0" | 5. | 12 July 2004 | Stuttgart | Clay | Guillermo Cañas | 5–7, 6–2, 6–0, 1–6, 6–3 |- bgcolor="#d0f0c0" | 6. | 25 July 2004 | Kitzbühel | Clay | Nicolás Massú | 7–6(3), 6–4 |- bgcolor="#d0f0c0" | 7. | 24 July 2005 | Stuttgart | Clay | Rafael Nadal | 6–3, 6–3, 6–4 |}

Doubles: 3 (3-0)

;Wins (3) {| class="sortable wikitable" |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |No. |Date |Tournament |Surface |'''Partnering |Opponent in the final |Score |- |- | 1. | February 16, 2004 | Viña del Mar | Clay | Juan Ignacio Chela | Nicolás Lapentti Martín Rodríguez | 7–6, 7–6 |- | 2. | April 19, 2004 | Estoril | Clay | Juan Ignacio Chela | František Čermák Leoš Friedl | 6–2, 6–1 |- bgcolor="#d0f0c0" | 3. | July 24, 2006 | Stuttgart | Clay | Max Mirnyi | Yves Allegro Robert Lindstedt | 7–5, 6–7, [12-10] |}

Challengers and futures (8)

Performance timeline

Singles

To prevent confusion and double counting, information in this table is updated only once a tournament or the player's participation in the tournament has concluded. This table is current through the U.S. Open, which ended on September 10, 2007. Walkovers are neither official wins nor official losses. {|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%" |- |align=center colspan=4|NMS || means an event that was not an ATP Masters Series tournament. |- |align=center colspan=4|NM1 || means an event that was not an ATP Masters 1000 tournament. |}

References

External links

Category:Argentine people of Spanish descent Category:Argentine tennis players Category:French Open champions Category:Olympic tennis players of Argentina Category:People from Lomas de Zamora Category:Tennis players at the 2000 Summer Olympics Category:1978 births Category:Living people

Playername	Chris Evert
Nickname	Chrissie Ice Maiden
Country
Residence	Boca Raton, Florida, U.S.
Datebirth	December 21, 1954
Placebirth	Fort Lauderdale, Florida, U.S.
Height
Weight
Turnedpro	1972
Retired	1989
Plays	Right-handed (two-handed backhand)
Careerprizemoney	$8,895,195
Tennishofyear	1995
Tennishofid	chris-evert
Singlesrecord	1309–146 (90.0%)
Singlestitles	157
Highestsinglesranking	No. 1 (November 3, 1975)
Australianopenresult	2W (1982, 1984)
Frenchopenresult	7W (1974, 1975, 1979, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986)
Wimbledonresult	3W (1974, 1976, 1981)
Usopenresult	6W (1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1980, 1982)
Othertournaments	Yes
Wtachampionshipsresult	W (1972, 1973, 1975, 1977)
Doublesrecord	117–39 (75.0%)
Doublestitles	32
Highestdoublesranking	1
Australianopendoublesresult	F (1988)
Frenchopendoublesresult	W (1974, 1975)
Wimbledondoublesresult	W (1976)
Updated	August 14, 2006

Christine Marie "Chris" Evert (born December 21, 1954) is a former world number 1 professional tennis player from the United States. She won 18 Grand Slam singles championships, including a record seven championships at the French Open and a record six championships at the U.S. Open. According to the Women's Tennis Association, she was the year-ending World No. 1 singles player in 1975, 1976, 1977, 1980, and 1981 and, according to many sources, in 1974 and 1978, also.

Evert's career win–loss record in singles matches of 1,309–146 (.900) is the best of any professional player in tennis history. In tennis writer Steve Flink's book The Greatest Tennis Matches of the Twentieth Century, he named Evert as the third best female player of the 20th century, after Steffi Graf and Martina Navratilova. Evert never lost in the first or second rounds of a Grand Slam singles tournament. She won 157 singles championships. In women's doubles, Evert won three Grand Slam titles and 29 regular tour championships.

Tennis career

Evert began taking tennis lessons when she was five years old from her father, Jimmy Evert (a professional tennis coach who had won the men's singles title at the Canadian Championships in 1947). By 1969, she had become the No. 1 ranked 14-under girl in the United States. Evert played her first senior tournament in that year also, reaching the semifinals in her home town of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, losing to Mary Ann Eisel 7–5, 3–6, 6–1. (For years, this was the record for the furthest a player had reached in her first senior-level tournament. That record was broken when another Floridian, Jennifer Capriati, reached the final of the tournament in Boca Raton, Florida, in 1990 at the age of 13.) In 1970, Evert won the national sixteen-and-under championship and was invited to play in an eight player clay court tournament in Charlotte, North Carolina. The 15 year-old Evert defeated Françoise Durr 6–1, 6–0 in the first round before defeating Margaret Court 7–6, 7–6 in a semifinal. Court was the World No. 1 player and had just won the Grand Slam in singles. These results led to Evert's selection for the U.S. Wightman Cup team, the youngest player ever in the competition.

Evert made her Grand Slam tournament debut at the 1971 U.S. Open, aged 16, receiving an invitation after winning the national sixteen-and-under championship. After an easy straight-sets win over Edda Buding in the first round, she faced the American No. 4 Mary Ann Eisel in the second round. Evert saved six match points with Eisel serving at 6–4, 6–5 (40–0) in the second set before Evert went on to win 4–6, 7–6, 6–1. She made two further comebacks against Durr (2–6, 6–2, 6–3) and Lesley Hunt (4–6, 6–2, 6–3), both seasoned professionals, before losing to Billie Jean King in a semifinal (6-3,6-2). This defeat ended a 46-match winning streak built up through carefully selected participation in junior tour events.

Evert was the runner-up at the French Open and the Wimbledon Tournament in 1973. A year later, she won both those events to claim her first Grand Slam singles titles and won 55 consecutive matches. Her fiancé at the time, Jimmy Connors, won the Wimbledon men's singles title that year and media attention surrounded the "Love Match" of tennis that summer (although this relationship proved to be short-lived).

Connors and Evert were also finalists in mixed doubles at the 1974 U.S. Open, although Evert rarely played that event. As time went by, Evert played women's doubles less frequently, preferring to devote her energies to singles tournaments.

For the next five years, Evert was the world's No. 1 player. In 1975, she won the French Open again and the first of four straight U.S. Open titles by defeating Evonne Goolagong Cawley in a three-set final. She also won Wimbledon again in 1976, again beating Goolagong in a three-set final. In all, Evert won 21 of her 33 matches with Goolagong. Evert's domination of the women's game and her calm, steely demeanor on court earned her the nickname of the "Ice Maiden" of tennis. The streak was broken on May 12, 1979, in a semifinal of the Italian Open, when Evert lost to Tracy Austin 6–4, 2–6, 7–6(4) after Evert lost a game point to go up 5–2 in the third set. Evert said after the match, "Not having the record will take some pressure off me, but I am not glad to have lost it." Evert then won 72 consecutive matches on clay before losing in a semifinal of the 1981 French Open to Hana Mandlíková. Hilde Krahwinkel Sperling had a similar run of clay court dominance from 1935 through 1939, winning the French Championships three consecutive years (not playing there the other two years) and incurring only one loss on clay during that five year period.

Evert won the French Open singles title a record seven times. Three of her victories came in three-set finals against Navratilova. In 1975, Evert defeated Navratilova to defend her title from the previous year 2-6, 6-2, 6-1. In 1985, Evert prevailed 6–3, 6–7, 7–5, a win that saw her capture the World No. 1 ranking for the fifth and final time. And, in 1986, the 31 year-old Evert won her last Grand Slam title by beating Navratilova 2–6, 6–3, 6–3.

Evert retired from the professional tour in 1989. During her career, she won 157 singles titles and eight doubles titles. Her record in finals was 157–72 (.686). She reached the semifinals in 273 of the 303 tournaments she entered. Evert won the WTA Tour Championships four times and helped the United States win the Fed Cup eight times. Evert's last match was a 6–3, 6–2 win over Conchita Martínez in the final of the 1989 Fed Cup.

Evert won at least one Grand Slam singles title each year for 13 consecutive years, from 1974 through 1986. She won 18 Grand Slam singles titles during her career: seven at the French Open, six at the U.S. Open (three on clay and three on hard surfaces), three at Wimbledon, and two at the Australian Open (both on grass). She reached the finals in 34 and the semifinals in 52 of the 56 Grand Slams events she entered. Between September 1971 (her Grand Slam debut at the U.S. Open) and June 1983 (her twelfth visit to Wimbledon), Evert never failed to reach at least the semifinals of the 34 Grand Slam singles events she participated in. This is an unparalleled record of consistency in the world's biggest tournaments. This record ended in the third round at Wimbledon in 1983, when the All England Club refused Evert's request to delay her match with Kathy Jordan to recover from food poisoning. This defeat also ended her attempt to be the holder of all four Grand Slam singles titles simultaneously. (Evert was then the holder of the Australian, U.S., and French titles.)

Evert's overall record in Grand Slam events was 297–38 .887 (72–6 at the French Open, 94–15 at Wimbledon, 101–13 at the U.S. Open (most singles match wins in history), and 30–4 at the Australian Open). She reached the finals all 6 times she entered the Australian Open. Evert faced Navratilova in the final of 14 Grand Slam events, with Evert losing 10 of those encounters. (Navratilova defeated Evert at least once in the final of each of the four Grand Slam events, whereas three of Evert's four wins were at the French Open and the fourth was at the Australian Open.) Evert defeated Navratilova in the semifinals of the U.S. Open (1975), Wimbledon (1976 and 1980), and the Australian Open (1988) but lost to Navratilova in the semifinals of the U.S. Open (1981), Wimbledon (1987 and 1988), and the French Open (1987).

During her career versus selected rivals, Evert was: 40–6 against Virginia Wade, 37–43 against Martina Navratilova, 26–13 against Evonne Goolagong Cawley, 24–0 against Virginia Ruzici, 23–1 against Sue Barker, 22–0 against Betty Stöve, 22–1 against Rosemary Casals, 21–7 against Hana Mandlíková, 20–1 against Wendy Turnbull, 19–7 against Billie Jean King (winning the last 11 matches with a loss of only 2 sets), 19–3 against Pam Shriver, 18–2 against Kerry Melville Reid, 17–2 against Manuela Maleeva-Fragniere, 17–2 against Helena Suková, 17–3 against Andrea Jaeger, 16–3 against Dianne Fromholtz Balestrat, 15–0 against Olga Morozova, 13–0 against Françoise Durr, 9–4 against Margaret Court, 8–9 against Tracy Austin, 7–0 against Mary Joe Fernandez, 6–3 against Gabriela Sabatini, 6–5 against Nancy Richey Gunter (winning the last 6 matches), 6–8 against Steffi Graf (losing the last 8 matches), and 2–1 against Monica Seles.

Evert was voted the Associated Press Female Athlete of the Year on four occasions and received Sports Illustrated magazine's "Sportswoman of the Year" award in 1976. In April 1985, she was voted the "Greatest Woman Athlete of the Last 25 Years" by the Women's Sports Foundation. Evert served as President of the Women's Tennis Association from 1975–76, and from 1983 to 1991. In 1995, she was the fourth player ever to be unanimously elected into the International Tennis Hall of Fame following a worldwide ballot of 185 sports journalists whilst 1999 saw Evert rated No. 50 among North American athletes of the 20th century. In 2005, TENNIS Magazine named her fourth on its list of TENNIS Magazine's 40 Greatest Players of the TENNIS Era.

Personal life

Evert was born in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, to Colette Thompson and Jimmy Evert. She is partially of Luxembourgish ancestry. Jimmy was a professional tennis coach, and tennis was a way of life in his family. Chris and her sister Jeanne Evert became professional tennis players, and their brother John Evert attended Auburn University, in Auburn, Alabama, on a full athletic scholarship for intercollegiate tennis. Evert is a 1973 graduate of St. Thomas Aquinas High School in Fort Lauderdale.

Early in her career, before she won her first Grand Slam event, Evert signed a contract with Puritan Fashions Corp. to endorse a line of sportswear. Company president Carl Rosen thought so highly of her that he named a yearling racehorse in her honor. The horse Chris Evert went on to win the 1974 U.S. Filly Triple Crown, be voted the Eclipse Award for Outstanding 3-Year-Old Filly, and was inducted into the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame.

Evert's romance with the top men's player Jimmy Connors captured the public's imagination in the 1970s, particularly after they both captured the singles titles at Wimbledon in 1974. Evert and Connors also occasionally played mixed doubles together. In 1974, they were the runners-up at the U.S. Open. They got engaged, when she was only 19, but the romance did not last. A wedding was planned for November 8, 1974, but it was called off.

In 1979, Evert married the British tennis player John Lloyd and changed her name to "Chris Evert-Lloyd." The marriage ended in divorce in 1987.

In 1988, Evert married two-time Olympic downhill skier Andy Mill. They have three sons: Alexander James (born October 12, 1991), Nicholas Joseph (born June 8, 1994), and Colton Jack (born June 14, 1996). On November 13, 2006, Evert filed for divorce. The divorce was finalized on December 4, 2006, with Evert paying Mill a settlement of U.S. $7 million in cash and securities.

Evert and Australian golfer Greg Norman were married on June 28, 2008, in the Bahamas. On October 2, 2009 they announced they were separating after only 15 months, saying in a statement that they "...will remain friends and supportive of one another's family." Their divorce was final on December 8, 2009 after 18 months of marriage. Less than a year later, Norman married Kristen Kunter on November 6, 2010.

Current work

Evert operates a tennis academy bearing her name in Boca Raton, Florida. She also helps coach the Saint Andrew's School high school tennis team. She is also currently (2009) a contributor to Tennis Magazine.

Career statistics

Records

These records were attained in Open Era of tennis.

See also

Performance timelines for all female tennis players who reached at least one Grand Slam final

Luxembourg-American

Footnotes

Further reading

External links

Category:1954 births Category:Living people Category:American female tennis players Category:Australian Open (tennis) champions Category:French Open champions Category:People from Boca Raton, Florida Category:People from Fort Lauderdale, Florida Category:Tennis commentators Category:International Tennis Hall of Fame inductees Category:Tennis people from Florida Category:Tennis players at the 1988 Summer Olympics Category:United States Open champions (tennis) Category:Wimbledon champions Category:World No. 1 tennis players