In cryptography, the ElGamal encryption system is an asymmetric key encryption algorithm for public-key cryptography which is based on the Diffie–Hellman key exchange. It was described by Taher Elgamal in 1984. ElGamal encryption is used in the free GNU Privacy Guard software, recent versions of PGP, and other cryptosystems. The Digital Signature Algorithm is a variant of the ElGamal signature scheme, which should not be confused with ElGamal encryption.

ElGamal encryption can be defined over any cyclic group Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): G . Its security depends upon the difficulty of a certain problem in Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): G

ElGamal encryption consists of three components: the key generator, the encryption algorithm, and the decryption algorithm.

The key generator works as follows:

. See below for a discussion on the required properties of this group.

.

.

, along with the description of Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): G, q, g\, , as her public key. Alice retains Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): x\,

Dan Boneh ( /boʊˈneɪ/; Hebrew: דן בונה‎) is a Professor of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering at Stanford University. He is a well-known researcher in the areas of applied cryptography and computer security.

Born in Israel in 1969, Boneh obtained his Ph.D. in Computer Science from Princeton University in 1996 (under the supervision of Richard J. Lipton).

Boneh is one of the principal contributors to the development of pairing-based cryptography from the Weil Pairing, along with Dr. Matt Franklin of the University of California at Davis.

Some of his notable achievements in cryptography include:

Some of his notable contributions in computer security include:

Boneh has received a number of awards, including the following:

In 2000, Boneh co-founded Ingrian Networks with Roy Thiele-Sardiña and Rajeev Chawla.

In 2002, Boneh co-founded Voltage Security.

Hossam Ramzy (born in Cairo, Egypt) is an Egyptian percussionist and composer. He has worked with Western artists like Jimmy Page and Robert Plant as well as with Arabic music artists like Rachid Taha and Khaled.

Ramzy was born into a wealthy Cairo family. He began playing the darbuka and tabla at an early age. He moved to Saudi Arabia for a time and learned traditional Bedouin music styles. In the 1970s he moved to London and began playing with saxophonist Andy Sheppard. His collaborations with jazz musicians earned him the nickname "The Sultan of Swing". In 1989 he worked with Peter Gabriel on the soundtrack to Martin Scorsese's The Last Temptation of Christ. This brought him to the attention of artists such as Frank Asher and the Gipsy Kings.

In 1994 he returned to his roots and formed a ten piece Egyptian ensemble that performed on the album No Quarter: Jimmy Page and Robert Plant Unledded. Ramzy and his ensemble also gained exposure by touring with Plant and Page throughout 1995 in support of their album. The next year Ramzy released the first of three collaborations with English arranger Phil Thornton, Eternal Egypt. The success of Eternal Egypt's blend of Arabic music prompted the follow up albums Immortal Egypt and Enchanted Egypt. In 1998, he performed with Rachid Taha, Khaled and Faudel at their 1,2,3 Soleils concert and backed Khaled again for the Claude Challe album Flying Carpet.

Dr. Taher Elgamal (Arabic: طاهر الجمل) (born 18 August 1955) is an Egyptian cryptographer. Elgamal is sometimes written as El Gamal or ElGamal, but Elgamal is now preferred. In 1985, Elgamal published a paper titled A Public key Cryptosystem and A Signature Scheme based on discrete Logarithms in which he proposed the design of the ElGamal discrete log cryptosystem and of the ElGamal signature scheme. The latter scheme became the basis for Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) adopted by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as the Digital Signature Standard (DSS). He also participated in the 'SET' credit card payment protocol, plus a number of Internet payment schemes.

Elgamal earned a Bachelor of Science degree from Cairo University in 1977, and Masters and Doctorate degrees in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University in 1981 and 1984, respectively. Martin Hellman was his dissertation advisor. He joined the technical staff at Hewlett-Packard Laboratories in 1984. He served as chief scientist at Netscape Communications from 1995 to 1998 where he was a driving force behind SSL. He also was the director of engineering at RSA Security Inc. before founding Securify in 1998 and becoming their CEO.

Wael Jassar (in Arabic وائل جسّار) is a Lebanese pan-Arab singer born 22 November 1972. Dubbed the 'Miracle Child' when he was a youngster, he appeared on television and sang "Yallee Ta’ebney Seneen Feh Hawak" when he was 8, fascinating the public. As a young star, he started working with famous figures from the music industry including people like Jamil Nahas and Jamil Ayoub, soon after releasing his first album Kelmet Wada’a Beta’zebne. Wael then collaborated with Nicholas Nakhle and the songwriter Mohammed Mady.

Personal Information: - name: Wael Jassar -Horoscope : Sagittarius - Nationality : Lebanese - Got Married : 11/2005 - Wife's name; Mirielle Makdessi - 1st Child (a girl)was born on 07/2006 and her name is Marilyne, second child (a boy) named Wael Jr. - Father's name : Mohammed -Mother's name: Leila -Brothers : Ali, Ahmad, Fouad, Salah -Sisters: Fadia, Hanane, Siham