- published: 04 Oct 2015
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Russian literature refers to the literature of Russia or its émigrés, and to the Russian-language literature of several independent nations once a part of what was historically Russia or the Soviet Union.
Roots of Russian literature can be traced to Middle Ages, when epics and chronicles in Old Russian were composed. In the Age of enlightenment, literature had grown in importance, and from the early 1830s, Russian literature underwent an astounding golden age in both poetry, prose, and drama. After the Revolution of 1917, Russian literature split into Soviet and white émigré parts. Soviet Union assured universal literacy and highly developed book printing industry, but also carried out ideological censorship.
Russian authors significantly contributed almost to all known genres of the literature. Russia had five Nobel Prize in literature laureates. As of 2011, Russia was the fourth largest book producer in the world in terms of published titles. A popular folk saying claims Russians are "the world's most reading nation".
Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy (Russian: Лев Никола́евич Толсто́й, pronounced [lʲev nʲɪkɐˈlaɪvʲɪtɕ tɐlˈstoj] ( listen); known in the Anglosphere as Leo Tolstoy) (September 9, 1828 – November 20, 1910) was a Russian writer who primarily wrote novels and short stories. Later in life, he also wrote plays and essays. His two most famous works, the novels War and Peace and Anna Karenina, are acknowledged as two of the greatest novels of all time and a pinnacle of realist fiction. Many consider Tolstoy to have been one of the world's greatest novelists. Tolstoy is equally known for his complicated and paradoxical persona and for his extreme moralistic and ascetic views, which he adopted after a moral crisis and spiritual awakening in the 1870s, after which he also became noted as a moral thinker and social reformer.
His literal interpretation of the ethical teachings of Jesus, centering on the Sermon on the Mount, caused him in later life to become a fervent Christian anarchist and anarcho-pacifist. His ideas on nonviolent resistance, expressed in such works as The Kingdom of God Is Within You, were to have a profound impact on such pivotal twentieth-century figures as Mohandas Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr.
Actors: David Ryall (actor), Roy Scheider (actor), Ken Russell (actor), Mac McDonald (actor), Ian McNeice (actor), John Mahoney (actor), Klaus Maria Brandauer (actor), Michael Kitchen (actor), James Fox (actor), Martin Clunes (actor), Constantine Gregory (actor), Sean Connery (actor), Jay Benedict (actor), J.T. Walsh (actor), Blu Mankuma (actor),
Plot: Three notebooks supposedly containing Russian military secrets are handed to a British publisher during a Russian book conference. The British secret service are naturally keen to learn if these notebooks are the genuine article. To this end, they enlist the help of the scruffy British publisher Barley Blair, who has plenty of experience with Russia and Russians. Barley, an unconventional character who doesn't respond well to authority, finds himself in a game more complex than he first thought when he digs into the origin of the notebooks.
Keywords: affectionate-hug, alcoholism, army-colonel, audio-surveillance, audiobook, based-on-novel, blackboard, book-editor, book-fair, book-publisherActors: Irving Bacon (actor), Oscar Apfel (actor), Bobby Barber (actor), Edmund Burns (actor), Francis X. Bushman (actor), William Bailey (actor), Albert Conti (actor), Gary Cooper (actor), Maurice Costello (actor), Robert Cummings (actor), Roy D'Arcy (actor), Edgar Dearing (actor), William Desmond (actor), Edward Cecil (actor), Eddie Dunn (actor),
Plot: With a full Hollywood background and settings but more an expose of scandal-and-gossip magazines of the era, has-been actor John Blakeford agrees to write his memoirs for magazine-publisher Jordan Winston. When Blakeford's daughter, Patricia, ask him to desist for the sake of his ex-wife, Carlotta Blakeford, he attempts to break his contract with Winston.
Keywords: 1930s, assistant-director, bartender, brown-derby, california, central-casting, chinese-theater, cigarette-smoking, contract, divorce