Name | Faiyum |
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Native name | |
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Pushpin map | Egypt |
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Pushpin label position | bottom |
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Pushpin mapsize | 300 |
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Pushpin map caption | Location in Egypt |
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Coordinates region | EG |
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Subdivision type | Country |
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Subdivision name | |
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Subdivision type1 | Governorate |
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Subdivision name1 | Faiyum Governorate |
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Leader title1 | |
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Established title | |
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Unit pref | Imperial |
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Area total km2 | |
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Area land km2 | |
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Population blank1 title | Ethnicities |
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Timezone | EST |
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Utc offset | +2 |
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Timezone dst | +3 |
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Elevation footnotes | |
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Postal code type | |
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Faiyum (; Coptic: ) is a city in Middle Egypt and the capital of the Faiyum Governorate. It is located 130 km southwest of Cairo and occupies part of the ancient site of Crocodilopolis. Its name in English is also spelled as Fayum, Fayoum, Al Fayyum or El Faiyūm. Faiyum was previously officially named Madīnet el Faiyūm (Arabic for The City of Faiyum). The name Faiyum (and its spelling variations) may also refer to the Faiyum Oasis, although it is commonly used by Egyptians today to refer to the city.
Etymology
The modern name of the city comes from
Coptic /
efiom/peiom (whence the proper name
payom), meaning
the Sea or
the Lake, which in turn comes from late
Egyptian pA y-m of the same meaning, a reference to the nearby
Lake Moeris.
Modern city
Faiyum has several large bazaars,
mosques, baths and a much-frequented weekly market. The canal called
Bahr Yussef runs through the city, its banks lined with houses. There are two bridges over the river: one of three arches, which carries the main street and bazaar, and one of two arches, over which is built the
Qaitbay mosque, that was a gift from his wife to honor the Mamluk Sultan in Fayoum. Mounds north of the city mark the site of
Arsinoe, known to the
ancient Greeks as
Crocodilopolis, where in ancient times the sacred
crocodile kept in
Lake Moeris was worshipped.
The Center of the City is on the Canal, with the four waterwheels, that are adopted by the governorate of Fayoum as its national Symbol, their Chariots and Bazaars are easy to spot.
Faiyum mummy portraits
on wood; 37 x 20
cm.]]
Faiyum is the source of some famous
death masks or
mummy portraits painted during the
Roman occupation of the area. The Egyptians continued their practice of burying their dead, despite the Roman preference for
cremation. While under the control of the Roman Empire, Egyptian death masks were painted on wood in a pigmented
wax technique called
encaustic—the
Faiyum mummy portraits represent this technique. While commonly believed to represent Greek settlers in Egypt, the Faiyum portraits instead reflect the complex synthesis of the predominant Egyptian culture and that of the elite Greek minority in the city.
Undisputed remains of early anthropoids date from the late Eocene and early Oligocene, about 34 million years ago, in the Fayyum area, southwest of Cairo, Egypt. One of the earliest fossil primates at Fayum is Catopithecus, dating to around 35 million years ago.
Famous Sites
Qasr Qarun, located 44 km from the city
Qaitbay Mosque, located in the city, and was built by the wife of the Mamluk Sultan Qaitaby
Hanging Mosque, built under the Ottoman Rule over Egypt
Lahun Pyramids, located 4 km outside the city
Hawara, archeological site located 27 km from the city
Wadi Rayan, or Wadi Elrayan, the largest waterfalls in Egypt, located around 50 km from the city
Notable people
Tefta Tashko-Koço, well known
Albanian singer was born in Faiyum, where her family lived at that time.
See also
Crocodilopolis
Faiyum mummy portraits
Faiyum Governorate
Fayum alphabet
Lake Moeris
Bahr Yussef
Roman Egypt
Phiomia (an extinct relative of the elephant, named after Faiyum)
Wadi Elrayan
References
The Hydraulics of Open Channel Flow: An Intrpenoduction
External links
P.Fayum = Fayum towns and their papyri, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt at the Internet Archive
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Category:Faiyum Governorate
Category:Governorate capitals in Egypt
Category:Populated places established in the 4th millennium BC
Category:Populated places in Egypt