The Iriomote cat (Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis) is a subspecies of the leopard cat that lives exclusively on the Japanese island of Iriomote. It has been classified as Critically Endangered by IUCN since 2008, as the population size is fewer than 250, is declining, and consists of a single subpopulation.

In Japanese it is called Iriomote-yamaneko (西表山猫^?). It has also previously been known to the local islanders as yamamaya (ヤママヤ^?, "mountain cat"), yamapikaryā (ヤマピカリャー^?, "mountain sparkling cat"), or mēpisukaryā (メーピスカリャー^?, "sparkling-eyed cat").

The Iriomote cat is about the size of a domestic cat and has the characteristic elongated body, short legs and low-slung build of a predator which forages in thick undergrowth. It has dark brown fur with dusky or greyish brown, dark spots in dense longitudinal rows. The spots tend to coalesce into bands. Five or seven dark stripes run along its neck, and two white lines run from the corners of each eye across the cheeks. The backs of the rounded ears are dark with white central spots. The tail is bushy, relatively short and spotted; near the base it is ringed toward the tip. The anterior upper premolar is absent. It cannot retract its claws.