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Zelenograd (English) Зеленоград (Russian)
-  City[1]  - Administrative Okrug of Moscow[1]
Zelenograd on the map of Moscow
Coordinates: 55°59′52″N 37°11′25″E / 55.99778°N 37.19028°E / 55.99778; 37.19028Coordinates: 55°59′52″N 37°11′25″E / 55.99778°N 37.19028°E / 55.99778; 37.19028
Coat of arms	Flag
Administrative status
Country	Russia
Federal subject	Moscow
Administratively subordinated to	Moscow[1]
Municipal status
Prefect[2]	Anatoly Smirnov[2]
Statistics
Area	37.22 km2 (14.37 sq mi)[3]
Population (2010 Census, preliminary)	223,902 inhabitants[4]
Population (2002 Census)	215,727 inhabitants[5]
Density	6,016 /km2 (15,580 /sq mi)[6]
Time zone	MSK (UTC+04:00)[7]
Founded	March 3, 1958[citation needed]
City status since	January 15, 1963[citation needed]
Postal code(s)	124xxx[citation needed]
Dialing code(s)	+7 (495), (499)[8]
Official website

Zelenograd (Russian: Зеленогра́д; IPA: [zʲɪlʲɪnɐˈgrat], lit. Green City) is a city,^[1] which, along with the territories and settlements under its jurisdiction, forms one of the administrative okrugs of Moscow - Zelenograd Administrative Okrug (ZelAO).^[1] It is located 37 kilometers (23 mi) from the center of the Russian capital along Leningradskoye Shosse highway. The city color is green and its emblemic animal is the squirrel (more precisely Sciurus vulgaris).

Before 1989 Zelenograd was a de-facto closed city in some aspects: it was prohibited to take photos in the central parts of the city, near the plants, teaching and research facilities and foreigners were not admitted into the city.

Zelenograd was one of the most powerful centers of electronics, microelectronics and computer industry in the Soviet Union, and it still plays a similar role in modern Russia. It was developed as a reflection of the California Silicon Valley and known also as Soviet/Russian Silicon Valley.

Geography[link]

The Skhodnya River originates near the village of Alabushevo (one of settlements, which are under Zelenograd jurisdiction) and forms three ponds within the precincts of city: Water-tower Pond (School Lake), Small and Large City Pond.

Overview[link]

Zelenograd was founded in 1958 and planned as center of textile industry initially. In 1962 Alexander Shokin (Chairman of State Committee of Electronic Technology, then first Minister of Electronic Technology) proposed to change the line of future city business to electronics. Some researchers of Soviet electronics history mentioned, that similar idea was proposed to the Soviet government by two fugitive Silicon Valley engineers - Alfred Sarant (more known in Russia as Philip Staros) and Joel Barr (Joseph Berg).

As Zelenograd was built de novo on a previously empty, forested place, its architecture and civic layout yields to one general architectural plan (chief architects Igor Rozhin (1956–1963), then Igor Pokrovsky (1963–2002)).

In 1988, Zelenograd incorporated the former village of Kryukovo, one of the important sites during the Battle of Moscow (October 1941 – January 1942). Several monuments to the Defenders of Moscow and the heroes of the Great Patriotic War are located in Zelenograd and the surrounding area, the most famous of which is the Shtyki Memorial, from which the remains of the Unknown Soldier were taken for reinterment at the Kremlin Wall in the Alexander Garden in Moscow.

Industries[link]

This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability.

Zelenograd is home to the National Research University of Electronic Technology (MIET), which is largest organization of city.

Zelenograd was headquarters of Sitronics Concerne since its founding in 1997 until 2005 (when its headquarters moved to Moscow). Now the city is the headquarters of its microelectroniс solutions department. The leading company of the department is NIIME and Mikron (Mikron) - the one of two largest Russian integrated circuits manufacturers. Also the city is the headquarters of Angstrem, which is another largest Russian ICs manufacturer.

Zelenograd is one of technical-innovative type Special economic zones. SEZ "Zelenograd" consists of 2 areas: Area "Alabushevo" (141.87 ha), a main area for new plants and research centers and Area "MIET" (4.47 ha), a technology park (mostly MIET spin-off enterprises).

Administrative divisions[link]

Zelenograd is divided into five districts.

• Matushkino (Матушкино), earlier Number 1
• Savyolki (Савёлки), earlier Number 2
• Staroye Kryukovo (Старое Крюково), earlier Number 3
• Silino (Силино), earlier Number 4
• Kryukovo (Крюково)

Sports[link]

A local soccer team Zelenograd (nickname — Zeleno-Belye (Green-Whites)) was founded in 2002 and in 2007-2010 had been playing in the Russian Second Division. A local rugby team Zelenograd was founded in 2006 and played in Russian Rugby Championship 2008 (but it could not get to Championship 2009).

Images[link]

Sister cities[link]

• Tulsa (Oklahoma, U.S.)
• Unterschleißheim (Bavaria, Germany)

Patronized ships[link]

• Landing ship Caesar Kunikov, Black Sea Fleet (since 1998)
• Nuclear submarine Zelenograd, Pacific Ocean Fleet (1998–2010, retired)
• Supply ship Berezina, Black Sea Fleet (1995–1997, retired)

Trivia[link]

• Busou Shinki action figure Zelnogrard (ゼルノグラード, Zerunogurādo^?) was named after Zelenograd (Zerenogurādo (ゼレノグラード^?) in Japanese).

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Zelenograd

• Official website of Zelenograd Administrative Okrug (Russian)

Tommy Emmanuel
Emmanuel performing at the Soave Guitar Festival, Italy, May 2010
Background information
Born	(1955-05-31) 31 May 1955 (age 57) Muswellbrook, New South Wales, Australia
Genres	Folk, Rock, Pop, Blues, Country
Occupations	Musician, Songwriter
Instruments	Guitar, lap steel guitar
Years active	1962–present
Associated acts	Dragon
Website	Official website
Notable instruments
Maton TE Signature model, Williamson Guitars

William Thomas "Tommy" Emmanuel AM (born 31 May 1955) is an Australian guitarist and occasional singer, best known for his complex fingerstyle technique, energetic performances and the use of percussive effects on the guitar. In the May 2008 and 2010 issues of Guitar Player Magazine, he was named as "Best Acoustic Guitarist" in their readers' poll.^[1] In June 2010 Emmanuel was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM).^[2]

Biography[link]

Emmanuel was born in Australia in 1955. He received his first guitar in 1959 at age four, being taught by his mother to accompany her playing lap steel guitar. At the age of 7 he heard Chet Atkins on the radio. He vividly remembers this moment and says it greatly inspired him.^[3]

By the age of 6, in 1961, he was a working professional musician. Recognizing the musical talents of Tommy and his brother Phil, their father created a family band, sold the family home and took his family on the road. With the family living in two station wagons, much of Emmanuel’s childhood was spent touring Australia with his family, playing rhythm guitar, and rarely going to school. The family found it difficult living on the road; they were poor but never hungry, never settling in one place. His father would often drive ahead, organize interviews, advertising and finding the local music shop where they'd have an impromptu concert the next day. Eventually the New South Wales Department of Education insisted that the Emmanuel children needed to go to school regularly.^[3][4]

After his father died in 1966, the family settled in Parkes. Tommy eventually moved to Sydney where he came to be noticed nationally when he won a string of talent contests in his teen years.^[3][5] By the late 1970s, he was playing drums with his brother Phil in the group Goldrush as well doing session work on numerous albums and jingles. He gained further prominence in the late 1970s as the lead guitarist in The Southern Star Band, the backing group for vocalist Doug Parkinson. During the early 1980s, he joined the reformed lineup of leading 1970s rock group Dragon, touring widely with them, including a 1987 tour with Tina Turner. He left the group to embark on a solo career.

Throughout his career he has played with many notable artists including Chet Atkins, Eric Clapton, Sir George Martin, Air Supply, John Denver, Les Paul and Doc Watson.

In 1994 Australian music veteran John Farnham invited him to play guitar next to Stuart Fraser from Noiseworks for the Concert For Rwanda. Emmanuel became a member of Farnham's band.

Emmanuel and his brother Phil performed live in Sydney at the closing ceremony of the Summer Olympics in 2000. The event was televised worldwide with an estimated 2.85 billion viewers.^[5] When performing together the pair will sometimes share and play just one guitar with each having one hand free.

In October 2002 he was invited to perform the Australian folk song Waltzing Matilda at a service at the Washington National Cathedral held for the victims of the Bali bombings.

In December 2007 he was diagnosed with heart issues^[6] and was forced to take a break from his hectic touring schedule due to exhaustion, but returned to full-time touring in early 2008.

In late January 2010, having been deeply touched by the tragic 2010 Haiti earthquake earlier in the same month, Emmanuel announced^[7] that he would be auctioning off three guitars, that he personally played and owned, on eBay, in order to raise money to donate to UNICEF in Haiti.

In June 2010 Emmanuel was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM).^[2]

Musical style[link]

Emmanuel's fingerstyle technique shown at a June 2006 performance at the City Stages venue in Birmingham, Alabama

Emmanuel has said that even at a young age he was fascinated by Atkins’ musical style – sometimes referred to as Travis picking – of playing bass with the thumb and melody parts with the first two or three fingers at the same time. This technique became the basis of Tommy's guitar style.

While Emmanuel has never had formal music training, his playing ability has won him fans from all over the world. He is known to play percussion parts on the body of his guitar. As a solo performer he never plays to a set list and uses a minimum of effects.^[5] He usually completes recordings in one take.

Emmanuel frequently uses his left thumb to fret bass notes on the 5th and 6th strings as well as playing chords such as Am and E with just two fingers. He uses a thumb pick mostly, a flat pick or just fingers. He also integrates amongst his trademark blazing runs and kaleidoscopic chord progressions a quick note / chord "dive," imitating a tremolo system effect on his fixed-bridge acoustic guitars, by pressing the palm of his right hand against the body of the guitar directly above the fret board close to the neck joint while maintaining forward pressure with his left (fretting) hand.

His main guitar is a small-bodied custom Maton EBG808 made in 2003, that is fitted with a pickup and an internal condenser microphone, to which he has given the nickname "Mouse" due to its quieter volume unplugged but massive sound when plugged into an amp. Two of his main stage guitars, notably his signature TE1 Maton dreadnought, are battered and worn due to his excessive playing and percussive techniques.

Association with Chet Atkins[link]

As a young man in Australia, Emmanuel wrote to his hero Chet Atkins in Nashville. Eventually Atkins replied with words of encouragement and a longstanding invitation to drop by to visit.^[8]

In 1997, Emmanuel and Atkins recorded as a duo and released the album The Day Finger Pickers Took Over The World, which was also to be Atkins' last recorded album before he died. Emmanuel and Atkins appeared together on The Nashville Network's 'County Christmas' in late 1997 and on that occasion Atkins stated about him: "He is one of the greatest guitar players I've ever seen."

In July 1999, at the 15th Annual Chet Atkins Appreciation Society Convention, Chet presented Tommy with a Certified Guitar Player award, an honor Atkins has bestowed on other guitarists.^[3] This award gains its fame from being bestowed by Atkins himself, a widely recognized leader in guitar music. The award states: "In Recognition Of His Contributions to the Art Of Fingerpicking." Tommy performs at the Chet Atkins Appreciation Society (CAAS) in July each year in Nashville.^[9]

Discography[link]

• 1979 From Out Of Nowhere
• 1987 Up From Down Under
• 1990 Dare to Be Different
• 1992 Determination
• 1993 The Journey
• 1993 The Journey Continues
• 1995 Initiation
• 1995 Terra Firma (with Phil Emmanuel)
• 1995 Classical Gas
• 1996 Can't Get Enough
• 1997 Midnight Drive (US release of Can't Get Enough)
• 1997 The Day Finger Pickers Took Over The World (With Chet Atkins)
• 1998 Collaboration
• 2000 Only
• 2001 The Very Best of Tommy Emmanuel
• 2004 Endless Road
• 2005 Live One
• 2006 Happy Hour (with Jim Nichols)
• 2006 The Mystery
• 2008 Center Stage
• 2009 Just Between Frets (with Frank Vignola)
• 2010 Little by Little
• 2010 Tommy Emmanuel Essential 3.0
• 2011 All I Want For Christmas (Holy day Album)^[10]

Emmanuel released the DVD "Live At Her Majesty's Theatre, Ballarat, Australia" on 11 July 2006 and also the "Center Stage" accompanying DVD in late 2008.

Emmanuel has produced 3 instructional videos: Guitar Talk (1993), Up Close (1996), Emmanuel Labor (2008)

Awards[link]

"Smokey Mountain Lullaby", a duet with Chet Atkins, was nominated for the 1998 Grammy award for Country Instrumental Performance but did not win. His song "Gameshow Rag/Cannonball Rag" won "Instrumental of the Year" at the 35th Tamworth Country Music Festival on Saturday, 27 January 2007,^[11] and also was nominated that year for a Grammy for "Best Country Instrumental Performance".^[12]

References[link]

External links[link]

• TommyEmmanuel.com
• Tommy Emmanuel page on The Party Of The Century project
• 2011 Tommy Emmanuel Interview on FingerstyleGuitarists.com
• Emmanuel playing "Over the Rainbow" on WGN