Rüppell's fox (Vulpes rueppellii), also spelled Rueppell's fox and also called the sand fox, is a species of fox living in North Africa and the Middle East, from Morocco and the Sahel region to the Afghanistan hills. and SW Pakistan It is named after the German collector Eduard Rüppell. Rüpell's fox is also called the sand fox, but this terminology is confusing because the corsac fox (Vulpes corsac) and the Tibetan sand fox (Vulpes ferrilata) are also known as the "sand fox".

It has an average life expectancy of up to 6 or 7 years in the wild, but can live much longer in captivity.

Rüppell's fox is 40-52 centimeters (15.75-20.5 inches) long and has an average weight of 1.7 kilograms (3.75 lbs). It is a very small canine, and is considerably smaller than the red fox. It is sandy in color and has black patches on the muzzle, as well as a white tipped tail. Rüppell's fox has fur on the pads on its feet, that possibly helps distribute their weight and move easily on sand, and definitely keeps the hot sand from burning their feet. Similar to other desert dwelling foxes, Rüppell's fox has massive ears to cool it off. The tail is long and bushy. These features make Rüppell's fox look almost like a large fennec fox.