In telecommunication, data signaling rate (DSR), also known as gross bit rate, is the aggregate rate at which data pass a point in the transmission path of a data transmission system.

Notes:

The maximum user signaling rate, synonymous to gross bitrate or data signaling rate, is the maximum rate, in bits per second, at which binary information can be transferred in a given direction between users over the telecommunications system facilities dedicated to a particular information transfer transaction, under conditions of continuous transmission and no overhead information.

For a single channel, the signaling rate is given by^{[clarification needed]}, where SCSR is the single-channel signaling rate in bits per second, T is the minimum time interval in seconds for which each level must be maintained, and n is the number of significant conditions of modulation of the channel.

In the case where an individual end-to-end telecommunications service is provided by parallel channels, the parallel-channel signaling rate is given by^{[clarification needed]}, where PCSR is the total signaling rate for m channels, m is the number of parallel channels, T_i is the minimum interval between significant instants for the I-th channel, and n_i is the number of significant conditions of modulation for the I-th channel.

Rates (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈʁatɨʃ]) is a Portuguese parish and town located in the municipality of Póvoa de Varzim. In the census of 2001, it had a population of 2,539 inhabitants and a total area of 13.88 square kilometres.

Rates is a historic small town that developed around the Monastery of Rates, established by Henry of Burgundy in 1100 AD on the site of an older temple. It gained importance due to the legend of Saint Peter of Rates, first bishop of Braga, becoming in a central place in the Portuguese Way of Saint James.

It has been inhabited since the Roman era; archaeological works in its church date the site from the Roman era, and there was a Roman road running through it.

In the 16th century, the monastery was dissolved and a Comenda of the Order of Christ was created. Its first Comendador was the Noble Knight Tomé de Sousa, who John III of Portugal made Governor of Brazil. It lost its municipal status in 1836 and was annexed to Póvoa de Varzim. It became a town again on July 2, 1993, mostly due to its historical importance. This new status is merely honorary in nature and not of administrative importance.