In political science, an initiative (also known as a popular or citizens' initiative) is a means by which a petition signed by a certain minimum number of registered voters can force a public vote (plebiscite). The vote may be on a proposed statute, constitutional amendment, charter amendment or ordinance, or, in its minimal form, to simply oblige the executive or legislative bodies to consider the subject by submitting it to the order of the day. It is a form of direct democracy.

The initiative may take the form of either the direct initiative or indirect initiative. Under the direct initiative, a measure is put directly to a vote after being submitted by a petition. Under the indirect initiative, a measure is first referred to the legislature, and then put to a popular vote only if not enacted by the legislature. In United States usage, a popular vote on a specific measure is referred to as a referendum only when originating with the legislature. Such a vote is known, when originating in the initiative process, as an "initiative," "ballot measure" or "proposition." In New Zealand a vote initiated by the public is called a citizen initiated referendum.

Paul Begley is a Gaelic football player from Laois in Ireland.

He plays for the Stradbally club. He usually plays in defence for the Laois senior football team.

Paul emerged on to the inter county GAA scene in 2001 as part of the Laois minor squad.

He went on to play for the Laois Under 21 team in 2002, 2003 and 2004 before earning a call up to the senior squad for the 2005 National Football League campaign

At club level, Paul was named Laois Junior B Footballer of the Year as a 17 year old in 2000.

He won two Under 21 titles with Stradbally Parish Gaels and in 2005 was a prominent player as Stradbally won the Laois Senior Football Championship.

He is an older brother of ex Brisbane Lions and current Laois star Colm Begley

Rahul Gandhi ([ˈraːɦʊl ˈɡaːnd̪ʱiː]; born 19 June 1970) is an Indian politician and member of the Parliament of India, representing the Amethi constituency. Gandhi is the general-secretary of the Indian National Congress. He is the grandson of Feroze Gandhi and Indira (née Nehru) Gandhi, and fourth-generation scion of the Nehru-Gandhi family.

Rahul Gandhi was born in Delhi on 19 June 1970 as the first of the two children of Rajiv Gandhi, who later became the Prime Minister of India and Sonia Gandhi, who later became President of Indian National Congress, and as the grandson of the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. He is also the great-grandson of India's first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru. Priyanka Vadra is his younger sister.

Rahul Gandhi attended St. Columba's School, Delhi before entering The Doon School in Dehradun (Uttarakhand), also his father's alma mater, from 1981–83. Meanwhile, his father had joined politics and became the Prime Minister on October 31, 1984 when Indira Gandhi was assassinated. Due to the security threats faced by Indira Gandhi's family from Sikh extremists, Rahul Gandhi and his sister, Priyanka were home-schooled since then. Rahul Gandhi joined St. Stephen's College, Delhi in 1989 for his undergraduate education but moved to Harvard University after he completed the first year examinations. In 1991, after Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated by LTTE during an election rally, he shifted to Rollins College due to security concerns and completed his B.A. in 1994. During this period, he assumed the pseudonym Raul Vinci and his identity was known only to the university officials and security agencies. He further went on to obtain a M.Phil from Trinity College, Cambridge University in 1995. After graduation, Rahul Gandhi worked at the Monitor Group, a management consulting firm, in London. In 2002 he was one of the directors of Mumbai-based technology outsourcing firm Backops Services Private Ltd.

Sachin Pilot (born 7 September 1977) is an Indian member of Parliament. He represents the Ajmer constituency of Rajasthan and is a member of the Indian National Congress. He is presently the Minister of State in the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology.

== Early life =nitin shyamnani was born in Civil lines, Bajoria road, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh. He is the son of the deceased Congress(I) leader, Shri. Rajesh Pilotand his mother is Rama Pilot. His father was a minister in centre.

Higher Secondary – Air Force Bal Bharati School, New Delhi

B.A. (Hons) – St. Stephens College, University of Delhi

M.B.A. – Wharton Business School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA. Graduated in 2002

10 February 2002. Sachin Pilot was inducted into Indian National Congress party.

13 May 2004. nitin shyamnani was elected to the 14th Lok Sabha (Lower House) seat from the Dausa Parliamentary Constituency of Rajasthan, with a margin of 120,000 votes.

16 May 2009. Elected to the 15th Lok Sabha from the Ajmer Constituency. He had to shift his constituency due to delimitation.

Captain America is a fictional character, a superhero who appears in comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character first appeared in Captain America Comics #1 (cover-dated March 1941), from Marvel Comics' 1940s predecessor, Timely Comics, and was created by Joe Simon and Jack Kirby. As of 2007, an estimated 210 million copies of "Captain America" comic books had been sold in 75 countries. For nearly all of the character's publication history, Captain America was the alter ego of Steve Rogers, a frail young man who was enhanced to the peak of human perfection by an experimental serum in order to aid the United States war effort. Captain America wears a costume that bears an American flag motif, and is armed with an indestructible shield that can be thrown as a weapon.

An intentionally patriotic creation who was often depicted fighting the Axis powers of World War II, Captain America was Timely Comics' most popular character during the wartime period. After the war ended, the character's popularity waned and he disappeared by the 1950s aside from an ill-fated revival in 1953. Captain America was reintroduced during the Silver Age of comics when he was revived from suspended animation by the superhero team the Avengers in The Avengers #4 (March 1964). Since then, Captain America has often led the team, as well as starring in his own series.